{"id":18374,"date":"2017-12-01T14:14:27","date_gmt":"2017-12-01T11:14:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=18374"},"modified":"2018-02-08T16:55:57","modified_gmt":"2018-02-08T13:55:57","slug":"descartesin-paltosu-gercek-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2017\/12\/01\/descartesin-paltosu-gercek-mi","title":{"rendered":"Descartes\u2019\u0131n paltosu ger\u00e7ek mi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dcnl\u00fc Amerikan biyograf ve felsefe tarih\u00e7isi Steven Nadler\u2019\u0131n 2013\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan Filozof, Rahip ve Ressam: Descartes\u2019\u0131n Bir Portresi(The Philosopher, The Priest and the Painter)<\/em><\/p>\n

kitab\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2017\u2019de T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrildi. Descartes, Spinoza ve Leibniz a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l felsefesi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131ran Nadler\u2019\u0131n bu kitab\u0131, Descartes hakk\u0131nda bir biyografiden daha fazlas\u0131. Eser, Descartes\u2019\u0131n karakteristik portresinin bilinenin aksine Hollandal\u0131 ressam Frans Hals\u2019e ait olmay\u0131p, onun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 portrenin bir kopyas\u0131 olu\u015funun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve fikir y\u00fcr\u00fctme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131. Bu ilgin\u00e7 ve zor konusuyla, \u00f6zel bir ilginin sonucu oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Konu: Felsefenin yeni milad\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Felsefe \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan konu\u015fmalarda ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7, Sokrates ya da daha \u00f6ncesine gidilerek Thales veya Pythagoras ile Antik Yunan olarak al\u0131nabiliyor. Baz\u0131 perspektiflere g\u00f6re bu, Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki matematik ve astronomi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterge kabul ederek daha da ge\u00e7mi\u015fe gidiyor; son y\u0131llarda ise ilgi daha \u00e7ok Antik Hint ve \u00c7in b\u00f6lgesindeki \u201cbilgelik\u201d usul\u00fcne kayd\u0131. En az 2500 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir tarihi ele al\u0131rken bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar normal kabul edilebilir; fakat tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyen bir \u015fey, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlam\u0131yla felsefenin, yani modern felsefenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n Descartes, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l oldu\u011fudur. Bu bak\u0131mdan, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn felsefesi i\u00e7in Descartes\u2019\u0131n \u201cpaltosundan\u201d \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r demek fazla olmaz. En az\u0131ndan felsefenin i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 paltolar\u0131n sahiplerinden bir tanesinin Descartes oldu\u011fu kesin. Neticede \u201cHepimiz Gogol\u2019\u00fcn paltosundan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn sahibi Dostoyevski de, bunu s\u00f6ylerken, realist Rus edebiyat\u0131 i\u00e7in teknik ve konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Gogol\u2019\u00fcn Palto<\/em> adl\u0131 uzun \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kastediyordu. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l, filozoflar, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar, tarih\u00e7iler ve do\u011fabilimcileri\/g\u00f6zlemcileri ile dolu bir \u00e7a\u011f olmas\u0131 sebebiyle modern d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in bir milat arz eder. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kitap, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck alana bakmas\u0131yla \u00f6nemini kendili\u011finden kabul ettiriyor.<\/p>\n

Yazar, giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kitab\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 ilan ediyor: \u201cHals\u2019in portresinin orijinalli\u011finin ve par\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131n teslimi\u201d. Bunun yan\u0131nda konuya a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k da getiriyor: \u201cDescartes\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc burada anlat\u0131lan hik\u00e2yenin kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kal\u0131yor\u201d. Fakat \u00f6zellikle de kitab\u0131n en \u00e7ok renk \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131n modern Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n tarihi olmas\u0131 sebebiyle okur merak i\u00e7inde kal\u0131yor ve yeni okumalara ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor. D\u00f6nemin Hollanda\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr ortam\u0131 ve filozofun kimi \u201c\u00f6zel konular\u0131\u201d da bu merak\u0131 iyice art\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle \u201cFilozof\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde anlat\u0131lan Descartes\u2019\u0131n 1618\u2019den itibaren ba\u015flayan Avrupa turu ve \u201cRahip\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131klanan idari tarz, Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa tarihindeki \u015fahs\u0131na m\u00fcnhas\u0131r yerini anlamak i\u00e7in dikkat \u00e7ekici anekdotlar. Resim \u00fczerine kuvvetli bilgiler i\u00e7eren \u201cRessam\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise, bir sanat tarihi et\u00fcd\u00fcne giri\u015filmi\u015f oluyor. Bunun yan\u0131nda \u201cHayatta Bir Kere\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden itibaren kitapta bilgi, \u201cben\u201d, Tanr\u0131, cisim, uzam, hareket gibi konularla Descartes\u2019\u0131n felsefesine de olduk\u00e7a irdeleyici bi\u00e7imde yer verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, yine okura kendini \u00f6zel hissettiren bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131. Bu y\u00f6nleriyle, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, hatta felsefesi bilinmek istenen bir filozofun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemi bilmek gerekti\u011fi gibi, onun bir \u015fah\u0131s olarak ne ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da bilmenin zarurili\u011fini akla getiren bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. Kitab\u0131 okuduktan sonra g\u00fcndeme gelen bir ba\u015fka \u015fey ise \u015fu oluyor: Bir tabloya a\u015fina olmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, \u00f6rne\u011fin bir portreye, fakat o portredeki ki\u015fi ve resmeden ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilinmeden bu a\u015final\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fczeysel kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l iddia edilebilir?<\/p>\n

Bir son not olarak, bu farkl\u0131 odak noktalar\u0131yla kitab\u0131n eklektik bir yap\u0131ya sahip oldu\u011fu hissi uyan\u0131yor; fakat bu, g\u00fczel ve de\u011ferli bir okuma olu\u015fundan da bir \u015fey eksiltmiyor. O halde Descartes\u2019\u0131n felsefesine at\u0131fla ve dilin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc tahrif hakk\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir payla sorabiliriz; \u201cDescartes\u2019\u0131n paltosu ger\u00e7ek mi?\u201d<\/p>\n

– Steven Nadler, Filozof, Rahip ve Ressam: Descartes\u2019\u0131n Bir Portresi, Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2017, 272 s.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00dcnl\u00fc Amerikan biyograf ve felsefe tarih\u00e7isi Steven Nadler\u2019\u0131n 2013\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan Filozof, Rahip ve Ressam: Descartes\u2019\u0131n Bir Portresi(The Philosopher, The Priest and the Painter) kitab\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2017\u2019de T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrildi. Descartes, Spinoza ve Leibniz a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l felsefesi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131ran Nadler\u2019\u0131n bu kitab\u0131, Descartes hakk\u0131nda bir biyografiden daha fazlas\u0131. Eser, Descartes\u2019\u0131n karakteristik portresinin bilinenin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":598,"featured_media":18375,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2146,221,513],"tags":[2235,237,210],"class_list":["post-18374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-166-sayi","category-felsefe","category-kitapcil","tag-descartes","tag-felsefe","tag-kitap"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t