{"id":18397,"date":"2017-11-01T16:02:47","date_gmt":"2017-11-01T13:02:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/109.232.216.219\/~bilimvegelecek\/?p=18397"},"modified":"2018-02-07T19:03:53","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T16:03:53","slug":"ligo-iki-notron-yildizinin-birlesimine-tanik-oldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2017\/11\/01\/ligo-iki-notron-yildizinin-birlesimine-tanik-oldu","title":{"rendered":"LIGO, iki n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fimine tan\u0131k oldu!"},"content":{"rendered":"

A\u011fustos ay\u0131ndan bu yana bilim kulislerinde LIGO\u2019nun yeni bir ke\u015fif hakk\u0131nda duyuru yapaca\u011f\u0131na ve bu ke\u015ffin astronomi alan\u0131nda yeni bir kap\u0131 a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131na dair s\u00f6ylentiler dolanmaktayd\u0131. 27 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de yap\u0131lan bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda LIGO, iki karadeli\u011fin birle\u015fimine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fini duyurarak biraz hedef \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131. Asl\u0131nda bu hedef \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtma, bilim tarihinin en \u00f6nemli ke\u015fiflerinden birini duyurmak i\u00e7in bir zemin haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Pazartesi, 16 Ekim 2017\u2019de, herkesin heyecanla bekledi\u011fi duyuru sonunda yap\u0131ld\u0131; LIGO ve Virgo ilk kez birle\u015fen iki n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalgalar\u0131 tespit etmi\u015fti! Ancak bu ke\u015ffi daha da e\u015fsiz k\u0131lan bir nokta vard\u0131 ki, bu da i\u00e7lerinde XMM-Newton, Chandra, the Very Large Array ve Hubble Uzay Teleskobu\u2019nun da oldu\u011fu elektromanyetik tayf\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kapsayan bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6zlemevi taraf\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fman\u0131n do\u011frudan g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Birle\u015fen iki n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131na ait parlak kal\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr b\u00f6lgeden ultraviyole b\u00f6lgeye (UV), \u00e7e\u015fitli dalga boylar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan teleskoplar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc. Soldaki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc NASA\u2019n\u0131n SWIFT teleskobunun UVde, ortadaki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc Gemini G\u00fcney Teleskobu\u2019nun k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tede g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme yapan enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ve sa\u011fdaki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc Very Large Array radyo teleskobu taraf\u0131ndanelde edilmi\u015ftir. \u00a9 Robert Hurt\/Ipac\/Caltech, Mansi Kasliwal ve Gregg Hallinan\/Caltech, Phil Evans\/Nasa And The Growth Collaboration.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00c7arp\u0131\u015fma, Yer\u2019den \u015fu ana kadar g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015f en uzun ve en kal\u0131c\u0131 k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalgalar\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu. Ayr\u0131ca, olay\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr b\u00f6lge bile\u015feni, periyodik tabloda bulunan a\u011f\u0131r elementlerin n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015ftu\u011fu fikrini savunan teorisyenlerin y\u0131llar \u00f6ncesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc modellere \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6zlemlendi. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Fermi Gama I\u015f\u0131n Teleskobu\u2019nun gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sinyal, uzun zamand\u0131r tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan k\u0131sa gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 habercisi oldu\u011fu fikrini de do\u011frulam\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

A\u011fustos ay\u0131n\u0131n 17\u2019sinde ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 veri analiz program\u0131, LIGO\u2019nun iki dedekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden birinde \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sinyal yakalad\u0131. Neredeyse, yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak ayn\u0131 zamandagama \u0131\u015f\u0131n patlamalar\u0131n\u0131 takip eden NASA\u2019ya ait Fermi Uzay Teleskobu alanda bir gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n patlamas\u0131 tespit etti. LIGO ve Virgo\u2019nun analiz program\u0131, bu iki sinyali bir arada ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir sinyalin bir tesad\u00fcf eseri olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imk\u00e2n\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu ve o s\u0131ralarda LIGO\u2019nun ba\u015fka bir otomatik analiz program\u0131 di\u011fer LIGO dedekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde tesad\u00fcf eseri bir k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalga sinyali daha tespit etti. LIGO-Virgo ekibi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bu h\u0131zl\u0131 k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalga ke\u015ffi, Fermi\u2019nin gama-\u0131\u015f\u0131n ke\u015ffi ile birle\u015ftirildi\u011finde, D\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki bir\u00e7ok teleskop \u00fczerinden takip g\u00f6zlemleri yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n

LIGO verileri, birbirlerine do\u011fru bir zamanlar spiraller \u00e7izen bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngede olan bu iki astrofiziksel objenin, bir eliptik galaksi olan NGC 4993 Galaksisi\u2019nde, Yer\u2019den 130 milyon \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 gibi nispeten yak\u0131n bir uzakl\u0131kta oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Bu cisimler, LIGO ve Virgo\u2019nun daha \u00f6nce ke\u015ffetti\u011fi \u00e7ift karadelikler kadar k\u00fctleli de\u011fildi. Aksine, bu cisimlerin k\u00fctlelerinin n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fctle aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na denk gelen, 1,1 ile 1,6 G\u00fcne\u015f k\u00fctlesi aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olduklar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.Ancak, LIGO verileri bir karadelik olu\u015ftu\u011funa dair bir kan\u0131t ortaya sunmad\u0131. E\u011fer, n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00f6l\u00fcm dans\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir karadelik olu\u015ftuysa, olu\u015fan bu karadelik \u015fu ana dek bilinen en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck k\u00fctleli karadelik olacakt\u0131r. Bir n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 20 km \u00e7ap\u0131ndad\u0131r ve o kadar yo\u011fundur ki, n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131ndan al\u0131nacak sadece bir \u00e7ay ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 madde, D\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7eklerinde milyarlarca tonluk bir k\u00fctleye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir.<\/p>\n

Teorisyenler, iki n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalgalar ve gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, elektromanyetik spektrum boyunca \u0131\u015f\u0131k yayan jetler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.Teoriye g\u00f6re, her iki n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n maddesi birle\u015fim olmadan \u00f6nce g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc gelgitsel kuvvetler etkisinde par\u00e7alanacakt\u0131r.Bu birle\u015fme sonucunda, \u00e7evresini sarmalayan maddenin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6z\u00fc d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f bir \u015fekilde t\u00fcketen bir karadelik olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Olu\u015fan karadeli\u011fin rotasyonel enerjisi, maddenin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131na yak\u0131n h\u0131zlarda karadeli\u011fin iki z\u0131t k\u0131sm\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirerek r\u00f6lativistik jetler olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Daha h\u0131zl\u0131 olan jet \u015feklindeki madde daha yava\u015f madde ile etkile\u015fime girerek bir \u015fok yarat\u0131r ve bu \u015fok birka\u00e7 saniye s\u00fcren k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli muazzam gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n patlamalar\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirir. K\u0131sa gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n patlamalar\u0131, evrendeki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc patlamalardan biridir ve G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in 10 milyar y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca salaca\u011f\u0131 enerjiyi sadece birka\u00e7 saniye i\u00e7erisinde salar. K\u0131sa s\u00fcreli gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n patlamalar\u0131, \u00e7ok daha a\u011f\u0131r y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n patlamas\u0131 sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan uzun s\u00fcreli gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n patlamalar\u0131na nazaran daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerjilidir. Fermi taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilen bu gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n patlamas\u0131, Avrupa Uzay Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n teleskobu olan INTEGRAL taraf\u0131ndan da tespit edildi. Bu g\u00f6zlemler, \u00f6nceleri sadece bir teori olan, birle\u015fen iki n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n patlamas\u0131 g\u00f6sterece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc onaylam\u0131\u015f oldu. Ayr\u0131ca, g\u00f6zlemlenen bu gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n patlamas\u0131 da \u015fimdiye kadar g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015f en yak\u0131n gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n patlamas\u0131 olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti. Di\u011fer bir yandan da s\u00fcpriz bir \u015fekilde uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 zay\u0131f bir patlama olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130leriki haftalar ve aylarda D\u00fcnya \u00e7evresindeki teleskoplar n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n birbirlerine do\u011fru spiraller \u00e7izerek birle\u015fmesi sonucu olu\u015fan kilonovadan arta kalan mavi parlak kal\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemeye devam edecek ve birle\u015fen n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli evreleri, \u00e7evreleri ile etkile\u015fimleri ve evrendeki a\u011f\u0131r elementlerin olu\u015fum s\u00fcre\u00e7leri hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi toplayacaklar. Belki de bu mavi parlak kal\u0131nt\u0131, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7eyre\u011fin \u201csoluk mavi noktas\u0131\u201d olarak ileride hat\u0131rlanmaya de\u011fer \u00f6nemli bir ke\u015fif olarak bilim tarihi kitaplar\u0131nda yerini alacak.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Jennifer Chu, \u201cLIGO and Virgo make first detection of gravitational waves produced by colliding neutron stars\u201d; https:\/\/www.ligo.caltech.edu\/page\/press-release-gw170817<\/p>\n

– Robert Naeye ,\u201cLIGO Detects a Neutron Star Merger\u201d; http:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/news\/2017\/10\/ligo-detects-a-neutron-star-merger<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u011fustos ay\u0131ndan bu yana bilim kulislerinde LIGO\u2019nun yeni bir ke\u015fif hakk\u0131nda duyuru yapaca\u011f\u0131na ve bu ke\u015ffin astronomi alan\u0131nda yeni bir kap\u0131 a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131na dair s\u00f6ylentiler dolanmaktayd\u0131. 27 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de yap\u0131lan bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda LIGO, iki karadeli\u011fin birle\u015fimine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fini duyurarak biraz hedef \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131. Asl\u0131nda bu hedef \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtma, bilim tarihinin en \u00f6nemli ke\u015fiflerinden birini duyurmak i\u00e7in bir zemin haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":812,"featured_media":18401,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1131,30,19,26],"tags":[248,2239,1161,1744,2238],"class_list":["post-18397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-165-sayi","category-astronomi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-fizik","tag-astronomi","tag-karadelik","tag-kutlecekim","tag-ligo","tag-notron-yildizi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t