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M\u00fch\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131, Pylos Antik Saray\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda el de\u011fmemi\u015f bir mezardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Mezar May\u0131s 2015\u2019te Cincinnati \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Arkeolog Jack L. Davis ve Sharon R. Stocker taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilmi\u015fti ve arkeologlar Pylos\u2019u 25 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir kaz\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Arkeologlar,\u00a0Hesperia<\/em>\u00a0dergisine \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015flar: \u201cM\u00fch\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temizli\u011fi yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, resimleme ve foto\u011fraflama s\u00fcreci ba\u015flay\u0131nca, heyecan\u0131m\u0131z artt\u0131 ve bir ba\u015fyap\u0131t ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yava\u015f yava\u015f fark ettik.\u201d<\/p>\n M\u00fch\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131 iki gizem sundu: Birincisi, nas\u0131l ve neden bu ayr\u0131nt\u0131larla kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu; di\u011feri de, Homeros\u2019un\u00a0\u0130lyada<\/em>\u00a0ve\u00a0Odessa<\/em>\u2019lar\u0131ndaki \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan sava\u015f sahnesinin, s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelene\u011fe katk\u0131da bulunan bir olay\u0131 i\u015faret edip etmedi\u011fi.<\/p>\n Mezar\u0131nda tasvir edilen efsanevi hayvandan sonra Griffin Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak bilinen m\u00fch\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sahibinin, M\u00d6 1450 civar\u0131nda g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahmin ediliyor. Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131, Girit Minos Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Yunan anakaras\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kritik bir d\u00f6nemde ya\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Anakara Avrupa\u2019daki ilk Miken Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hen\u00fcz ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Griffin Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 gibi yerel y\u00f6neticiler, Yunanca konu\u015fan se\u00e7kinlere aidiyetlerini ilan edebilmek i\u00e7in de\u011ferli e\u015fyalar kullanm\u0131\u015f olabilirler. Onlar\u0131n soyundan gelen insanlar, y\u00fczy\u0131l kadar sonra, Homeros\u2019un bahsetti\u011fi Pylos, Miken ve Tiryn b\u00f6lgelerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck saraylar\u0131 in\u015fa ettiler.<\/p>\n Dr. Davis ve Dr. Stocker, m\u00fch\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, Griffin Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n mezar\u0131ndaki di\u011fer nesneler gibi Girit\u2019te yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Bu nitelikteki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, o d\u00f6nemde Yunan anakaras\u0131n\u0131n herhangi bir yerinde \u00fcretilmiyordu. Ancak bu ince ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara sahip sava\u015f sahnesinin g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in mercekle bakmak gerekiyor. Oysa Girit\u2019te bu d\u00f6neme ait mercekler bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki arkeolog, m\u00fch\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyen grav\u00fcrc\u00fcn\u00fcn yak\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi g\u00f6rebildi\u011fini savl\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n Viyana \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Ege sanat\u0131nda uzman olan Fritz Blakolmer, m\u00fch\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Girit\u2019teki Knossos Saray\u0131\u2019nda bulunanlar gibi, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck, muhtemelen s\u0131va bezemeli bir duvar resmin minyat\u00fcr bir kopyas\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunuyor. Hi\u00e7bir \u015fey bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, m\u00fchr\u00fcn mercek sahibi biri taraf\u0131ndan kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve o d\u00f6nemin insanlar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fclerden daha keskin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahip olmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihtimal d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n Kanta\u015f\u0131 olarak bilinen sert bir ta\u015f \u00fczerine oyulmu\u015f m\u00fch\u00fcrdeki sahnede, zafer sahibi kahraman d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrken g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 da \u00f6n planda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f halde uzan\u0131yor. M\u00fch\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131, bilekte tak\u0131labilir \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, muhtemelen sahibi onu bir kol saati gibi tak\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n \u0130ki ma\u011flup sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ayn\u0131 gruba ait g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her ikisi de ayn\u0131 desende kiltonlar giymi\u015fler, kahraman ise bir kas\u0131kl\u0131k takm\u0131\u015f. M\u00fch\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yapan ki\u015finin Minoslulara ve Griffin Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 toplulu\u011funa a\u015fina olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n M\u00fch\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Homerik destanlarla olas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131 zorlama olabilir. Troya\u2019y\u0131 ve Miken\u2019i ilk kez kazm\u0131\u015f olan Heinrich Schliemann gibi erken arkeologlar,\u00a0\u0130lyada<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n tarihsel olaylar\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131 ve bulduklar\u0131 eserlerde bunun kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye haz\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Arkeologlar daha sonra bu durumdan \u015f\u00fcphe duymalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Truva\u2019n\u0131n M\u00d6 1200\u2019de y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, Homeros destanlar\u0131nda i\u015flendi\u011fini ve bu destan ilk kez M\u00d6 700\u2019de yaz\u0131lana dek 500 y\u0131l boyunca hat\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n Griffin Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, Homeros destanlar\u0131n\u0131n ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 versiyonundan \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nce, yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak M\u00d6 1450\u2019de g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Yine de, Homeros destanlar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelene\u011fin, ilk Yunan yaz\u0131m sistemi olan Linear B\u2019ye kadar geriye gitti\u011fini g\u00f6steren baz\u0131 kan\u0131tlar bulunuyor.<\/p>\n Linear B, Minoslular taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan Linear A\u2019dan Miken Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan uyarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilinen en eski Linear B yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 M\u00d6 1450 y\u0131l\u0131na tarihlenir ve bu yaz\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc M\u00d6 1200 civar\u0131nda Miken Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra kaybolmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Atina\u2019daki\u00a0 British School\u2019dan Dr. Bennet, Homeros\u2019un \u015fiirlerindeki sorunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cLinear B belgelerinde kaydedilmi\u015f leh\u00e7eyle uyumlu eski Yunan formlar\u0131n\u0131 geri getirirseniz mesele \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir,\u201d diyor. \u00a0Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Homerik destanlara yol a\u00e7an s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenek belki de yedi y\u00fcz y\u0131l geride kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Stocker, m\u00fch\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki betim hakk\u0131nda, \u201cBunun, Homeros\u2019tan gelen bir temsil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemiyoruz,\u201d diyor, \u201cama kahraman\u0131n Achilles oldu\u011funa inanman\u0131n e\u011flenceli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d itiraf ediyor. \u00a0\u0130mgenin \u201cHem Mikenliler hem de Minoslular i\u00e7in a\u015fina olan \u00f6yk\u00fcler d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n Dr. Blakolmer, m\u00fch\u00fcr \u00fczerindeki fig\u00fcrleri Hektor ya da Nestor gibi Homerik kahramanlar olarak g\u00f6rmenin cazibesini teslim ediyor, ancak bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na ar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak gerekti\u011fini de s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201cBundan 50 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Homeros\u2019un kahramanlar\u0131na yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fczel at\u0131flar bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z, ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz akademisyenleri Homerik at\u0131flar yapmak konusunda daha titizler. Onlar\u0131nkini de\u011fil, kendi hatalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek zorunday\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0130ki y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Pylos\u2019da eski bir mezar\u0131 kazmakta olan arkeologlar, bir t\u00fcr k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boncuk gibi duran, bir in\u00e7ten daha az bir \u00e7ap (2,5 cm) ve bunun yar\u0131s\u0131 geni\u015fli\u011fe sahip, kiremitle kaplanm\u0131\u015f bir nesne \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, malzemece zengin mezarda yer alan alt\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fck gibi daha \u00f6nemli buluntulara odaklanmak i\u00e7in bu eseri bir kenara ay\u0131rd\u0131lar. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":383,"featured_media":19419,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,19],"tags":[486,2335,2336,2338,2332,2339,2334,2333,2337],"class_list":["post-19411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arkeoloji","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-eski-yunan","tag-girit","tag-griffin-savascisi","tag-homeros","tag-ilyada","tag-miken-uygarligi","tag-muhur-tasi","tag-odessa","tag-truva"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19411","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/383"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19411"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19411\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19419"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/\u0130lyada-2-300x225.jpg\")