![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/2-1-300x225.jpg\")
J\u00fcpiter\u2019in uydular\u0131n\u0131, Ay\u2019\u0131, Ven\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc ve G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019i g\u00f6zlemleyen Galilei, D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n evrenin merkezinde oldu\u011funu ve t\u00fcm g\u00f6kcisimlerinin onun etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savlayan resmi \u00f6\u011fretinin yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 somut olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Ayr\u0131ca Ay san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz de\u011fildi; G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fczerinde de baz\u0131 lekeler vard\u0131. Bu g\u00f6zlemler, \u201ctanr\u0131sal d\u00fczen\u201d diye bak\u0131lan g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn hi\u00e7 de kusursuz ve yetkin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n
Kilise art\u0131k sessiz kalamazd\u0131. Galilei\u2019nin bir \u015farlatan, teleskopun \u015feytan\u0131ms\u0131 bir ara\u00e7 ve b\u00f6yle bir ara\u00e7la g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc incelemeye kalkman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcnah oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylentileri yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sonunda 1616 y\u0131l\u0131nda Galilei Engizisyon \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131 ve fikirlerinden vazge\u00e7meye zorland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Avukatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Campanella \u00fcstleniyor<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00dclkemizde \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00fctopik eseri \u201cG\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi\u201d (Civitas Solis<\/em>) ile bilinen Tommaso Campanella (1568-1639), ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n 27 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fkenceler alt\u0131nda \u0130spanyol Engizisyonu\u2019nun zindanlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7iren fakat d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden en ufak taviz vermeyen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir R\u00f6nesans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Campanella, Roma\u2019da Galilei davas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 17 y\u0131ld\u0131r engizisyon zindan\u0131ndad\u0131r ve daha 10 y\u0131l yatacakt\u0131r. Bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda 1616 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cGalileo Savunusu\u201d (Apologia pro Galileo<\/em>) ad\u0131nda bir kitap kaleme al\u0131r. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir Galilei savunusu ve \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir belge olan bu eser ne yaz\u0131k ki hen\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilmi\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n Campanella savunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu eksende kurar: \u201c\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczde duran soru \u015fudur: Galileo taraf\u0131ndan savunulan felsefi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle uyumlu mudur yoksa onlara ters mi d\u00fc\u015fmektedir?\u201d Campanella, b\u00fct\u00fcn entelekt\u00fcel g\u00fcc\u00fcyle, Kopernik ve Galilei\u2019nin \u00f6nerdi\u011fi G\u00fcne\u015f-merkezli evren modelinin Kutsal Kitap\u2019a ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Kilise\u2019nin Galilei kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 tek tek ele alarak yan\u0131tlar geli\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n Engizisyon zindanlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ve ki\u015fisel olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir risk g\u00f6ze al\u0131narak yaz\u0131lan \u201cGalileo Savunusu\u201d, Galilei\u2019nin Kilise\u2019yle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin \u00e7ok \u00f6tesinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in bir \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k niteli\u011fi de ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u2018Do\u011fa ile kutsal kitap \u00e7eli\u015firse hangisini kabul edece\u011fiz?\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n Galilei\u2019yi Engizisyon\u2019un pen\u00e7esinden kurtarmak i\u00e7in bir uzla\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu b\u00fcy\u00fck filozof, eserinin sonunda \u015funu da s\u00f6ylemeden edemez: \u201cGalileo\u2019nun g\u00f6zlemleri Kutsal Kitap\u2019a ayk\u0131r\u0131 olursa ne olur ki?\u201d Ve kritik soruyu sorar: \u201cAyk\u0131r\u0131ysa hangisini kabul edece\u011fiz? Do\u011fay\u0131 m\u0131, kitab\u0131 m\u0131?\u201d<\/p>\n Bilimsel devrimin temel sorusudur bu! 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l Avrupa\u2019s\u0131nda \u00e7ekilen ac\u0131lardan ve verilen m\u00fccadelelerden s\u00f6z ediyoruz ama bu soru t\u00fcm yak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye\u2019sinde de g\u00fcndemdedir: Ger\u00e7e\u011fi nerede arayaca\u011f\u0131z? Kutsal kitaplarda m\u0131, olgularda m\u0131?<\/p>\n \u00c7ok ya\u015fa Campanella!<\/p>\n (Daha geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em>, Nisan 2009, Say\u0131: 62)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Bilimsel devrimin simge ismi, fizi\u011fin babas\u0131 olarak an\u0131lan Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), ayn\u0131 zamanda G\u00fcne\u015f-merkezli sistem i\u00e7in s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fccadele ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne de \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir. Galilei asl\u0131nda astronom olarak yeti\u015fmemi\u015fti, ama D\u00fcnya-merkezli tanr\u0131sal evren modeline ilk darbeyi vuran Kopernik\u2019in geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi G\u00fcne\u015f-merkezli sistem onu gen\u00e7li\u011finden beri ilgilendirmekteydi. Teleskopun icad\u0131 ona sistemin do\u011frulu\u011funu kan\u0131tlama f\u0131rsat\u0131 verdi. Kendi geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":20222,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,2314,222],"tags":[594,2421,2420,2422,600,1845],"class_list":["post-20221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomi","category-bilim-oykuleri","category-tarih","tag-campanella","tag-engizisyon","tag-galilei","tag-galilei-savunusu","tag-kilise","tag-teleskop"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t