{"id":20234,"date":"2018-02-27T00:03:29","date_gmt":"2018-02-26T21:03:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=20234"},"modified":"2018-02-26T12:36:46","modified_gmt":"2018-02-26T09:36:46","slug":"dunyanin-etrafinda-firil-firil-ida-laura-pfeiffer-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/02\/27\/dunyanin-etrafinda-firil-firil-ida-laura-pfeiffer-2","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnyan\u0131n etraf\u0131nda f\u0131r\u0131l f\u0131r\u0131l: \u0130da Laura Pfeiffer"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130da Pfeiffer, kafas\u0131ndaki \u201c\u015eimdi neresi?\u201d sorusunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 buldu\u011funda, daha \u00f6nce bu seyahati ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7elerine k\u0131yasla az paras\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yola \u00e7\u0131kmaya karar verdi. Yeni istikamet, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n etraf\u0131yd\u0131! 4500 km karadan, 56.000 km denizden olmak \u00fczere 60.000 km yolu yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 y\u0131lda tepen \u0130da, an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cBir Kad\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fcnya Etraf\u0131ndaki Yolculu\u011fu\u201d kitab\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla anlatt\u0131. \u201cD\u00fcnya Etraf\u0131ndaki \u0130kinci Yolculu\u011fum\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 da \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden yazacakt\u0131…<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Frans\u0131z imparatoru Napolyon Bonapart\u00a0 1809\u2019da Viyana\u2019y\u0131 fethetti\u011finde, baz\u0131 askerlerinin kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 evin sahibesi ve k\u0131z\u0131 da imparatorun ge\u00e7i\u015fini izlemeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Napolyon\u2019a s\u0131rt \u00e7eviren k\u0131z<\/strong><\/p>\n

Avusturyal\u0131 bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z, hen\u00fcz 12 ya\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen her \u015feyden haberdard\u0131 ve \u00fclkesinin i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan duydu\u011fu rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gizleyemiyordu. \u0130mparator\u2019un ge\u00e7i\u015fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda da bu rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saklayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tam Napolyon ge\u00e7erken arkas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nerek tepkisini g\u00f6stermi\u015f, i\u015fgali protesto etmi\u015fti. Bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, bir gen\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131n davranmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi davranmayan k\u0131z\u0131na annesi gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc cezay\u0131 vermi\u015f, ikinci defa \u0130mparator\u2019un ge\u00e7i\u015fini izlemeye gittiklerinde ise onu \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131p omuzlar\u0131ndan tutarak dizginlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z ise bu sefer de g\u00f6zlerini kapatarak, annesine ve i\u015fgalcilere protestosundan vazge\u00e7meyece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. O herkesin olmas\u0131n\u0131 bekledi\u011fi gibi bir kad\u0131n olmayacakt\u0131. O, tek ba\u015f\u0131na t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya co\u011frafyas\u0131na meydan okuyacak olan \u0130da Laura Pfeiffer\u2019di (1797-1858).<\/p>\n

\u0130da \u00e7evresindeki bir\u00e7ok k\u0131z\u0131n aksine, abileri gibi giyinmeyi seviyor, onlar\u0131n maceralar\u0131na, oyunlar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131yordu. Zengin bir t\u00fcccar olan babas\u0131, k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n bu halinden memnundu, onu o\u011fullar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 tutmadan yeti\u015ftirmek istiyordu. O\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar onu da zorluyordu, belki de daha fazla. Annesi ise \u0130da\u2019n\u0131n, zaman\u0131n kad\u0131n profiline uygun \u015fekilde yeti\u015ftirilmesinden yanayd\u0131. Babas\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, annesinin hen\u00fcz 10 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u0130da\u2019y\u0131 istedi\u011fi gibi \u015fekillendirmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir engel kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130da\u2019y\u0131 e\u011fitmesi i\u00e7in bir \u00f6\u011fretmen tuttu. Annesinin hi\u00e7 beklemedi\u011fi kadar \u00e7abuk bir zamanda, \u0130da \u00f6\u011fretmeninin her s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc dinlemeye, hi\u00e7bir y\u00f6nlendirmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak bunun sebebi annesinin umdu\u011fu \u00fczere \u0130da\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmenine boyun e\u011fmesi de\u011fil, ona kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hayranl\u0131k duymas\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu durumu \u0130da \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cBenim kavramlar\u0131m\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlenmi\u015fli\u011fi ile verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadelede \u00e7ok sab\u0131rl\u0131 ve azimliydi. Annesi ve babas\u0131n\u0131 sevmekten \u00e7ok nefret etmeyi \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f benim gibi bir kad\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, sempati ve \u015fefkat besleyen ilk insan diyebilece\u011fim bir adamd\u0131. Onun bu tavr\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ben de ona b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131mla ba\u011fland\u0131m. Mutlulu\u011fuyla mutlu oldum, h\u00fczn\u00fcyle h\u00fcz\u00fcnledim. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir ac\u0131 duymama ra\u011fmen \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumdaki t\u00fcm tutkular\u0131m\u0131 onun i\u00e7in b\u0131rakt\u0131m. Onun i\u00e7in yemek yapmay\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fc \u00f6rmeyi ve diki\u015f dikmeyi \u00f6\u011frendim. O beni ha\u015far\u0131 erkek fatma halimden, sessiz bir gen\u00e7 k\u0131za d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren adamd\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kocas\u0131ndan kalan az\u0131c\u0131k mirasla yollara d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te bir tek tutkusundan vazge\u00e7emedi: seyahat etmek. \u201c\u0130zlanda\u2019ya Seyahat\u201d<\/em> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda \u201c\u00c7ocuklu\u011fumdan beri d\u00fcnyay\u0131 g\u00f6rmek en b\u00fcy\u00fck arzumdu. Ne zaman bir seyahat arabas\u0131 g\u00f6rsem, istemsiz olarak oldu\u011fum yerde durur, onlar\u0131 izlerdim. G\u00f6rd\u00fckleri yerleri hayal eder onlar\u0131 k\u0131skan\u0131rd\u0131m\u201d diye bahsetti\u011fi bu tutkusu, hen\u00fcz be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndayken babas\u0131 ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 Filistin ve M\u0131s\u0131r gezilerinin etkisiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. Annesinin, \u00f6\u011fretmeni ile evlenmesine izin vermemesiyle ba\u015flayan ve annesinin iste\u011fiyle evlendi\u011fi kocas\u0131 Mark Anton Pfeiffer \u00f6lene kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7te ara vermek zorunda kalsa da, bu tutkusu onu hi\u00e7 b\u0131rakmad\u0131. \"\"Kocas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n kendi kendilerine bakabilir hale gelmeleriyle \u0130da\u2019n\u0131n akl\u0131na tekrar \u00e7ocukluk tutkusu, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelere seyahat d\u00fc\u015fecekti. Kocas\u0131ndan kalan az miktardaki parayla ilk seyahatini yapmaya karar verdi. Katolik olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, \u0130sa peygamberin izinden gitmek \u00fcmidiyle ilk istikamet olarak kutsanm\u0131\u015f topraklar\u0131 se\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

22 Mart 1842\u2019de, 45 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seyahatinde \u0130da, Viyana\u2019dan \u0130stanbul\u2019a gitmek i\u00e7in Tuna Nehri\u2019nde yelken a\u00e7t\u0131. Daha sonra Beyrut, Yafa, Kud\u00fcs, \u015eam, \u0130skenderiye ve Kahire\u2019ye gitti. K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019e ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6l boyunca yolculuk yapt\u0131. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ise Sicilya \u00fczerinden dolanarak yapt\u0131. \u0130talya\u2019da Napoli, Floransa ve Roma\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret ettikten sonra, 1842 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda Viyana\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131 yolculu\u011fu boyunca edindi\u011fi tecr\u00fcbelerini \u201cViyanal\u0131 Bir Kad\u0131n\u0131n Kutsal Topraklara Yolculu\u011fu<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda anlatt\u0131. Anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sadeli\u011fi ve i\u00e7tenli\u011fi, kitab\u0131na olumlu ele\u015ftiriler gelmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu kitab\u0131n gelirleriyle tam ters istikamete, \u0130zlanda\u2019ya k\u0131sa bir yolculuk yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kafas\u0131ndaki \u201c\u015eimdi neresi?\u201d sorusunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 buldu\u011funda, daha \u00f6nce bu seyahati ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7elerine k\u0131yasla elinde daha az para olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yola \u00e7\u0131kmaya karar verdi.<\/p>\n

Yeni istikamet: d\u00fcnyan\u0131n etraf\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 May\u0131s 1846\u2019da bu cesur kad\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na Rio de Janeiro\u2019ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Rio\u2019da bir rehber tutup Ya\u011fmur Ormanlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n derinliklerini ke\u015ffe \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Burada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerli halk\u0131 ilkel ve vah\u015fi buldu ve Avrupal\u0131 bir H\u0131ristiyan olarak kendini onlardan \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fc. 3 \u015eubat 1847\u2019de G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00fcney ucu olan Horn Burnu\u2019ndan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p 2 Mart\u2019ta \u015eili\u2019nin Valparaiso \u015fehrine ula\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra Pasifik Okyanusu \u00fczerinden Krali\u00e7e Pomare\u2019nin huzuruna \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tahiti\u2019ye, Tahiti\u2019den sonra da Makao, Hong Kong, Guangzhou gibi \u015fehirleri gezdi\u011fi \u00c7in\u2019e ge\u00e7ti. \u00c7in\u2019i dola\u015f\u0131rken, erkek k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gezdi.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0130da Pfeiffer, kutsal topraklara do\u011fru yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk yolculu\u011funda, sonradan \u201cViyanal\u0131 Bir Kad\u0131n\u0131n Kutsal Topraklara Yolculu\u011fu\u201d kitab\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek notlar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rken, 1842.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Buradan Hindistan\u2019a giden \u0130da, Kalk\u00fcta\u2019dan, Varanasi\u2019ye Ganj Nehri yoluyla ge\u00e7tikten sonra \u00fclkenin bir ucundan di\u011ferine gidip Mumbai\u2019ye vard\u0131. Nisan 1848\u2019de bu \u015fehirden \u0130ran\u2019a do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Tizpon ve Babil harabelerini g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra Musul\u2019a ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in bir kervan e\u015fli\u011finde \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fc a\u015ft\u0131. Tebriz\u2019e geldi\u011finde, \u0130ngiliz Konsoloslu\u011fundaki yetkilileri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seyahatle \u015fa\u015fk\u0131na \u00e7evirdi. Bir kad\u0131n\u0131n bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015fi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan etkilenen konsolos, \u0130da\u2019y\u0131 Tebriz Valisinin huzuruna \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Tebriz Valisi de \u0130da\u2019ya haremini gezme izni verdi. A\u011fustos 1848\u2019de buradan yola \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130da Hristiyan bir toplum g\u00f6rme umuduyla Ermenistan ve G\u00fcrcistan \u00fczerinden Rusya\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131. Burada casus oldu\u011fu \u015f\u00fcphesiyle tutukland\u0131 ve bir gece g\u00f6zetim alt\u0131nda kald\u0131. Rusya\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u201cEy T\u00fcrkler, Araplar, Hintler. Sizin k\u00e2fir, dinsiz \u015fehirlerinizden nas\u0131l da \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ge\u00e7tim gittim. Fakat, bu H\u0131ristiyan Rusya\u2019da, bu kadar k\u0131sa zamanda ne kadar \u00e7ok ac\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131m\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle \u00f6zetlemi\u015fti. Rusya\u2019dan sonra \u0130stanbul \u00fczerinden Yunanistan ve \u0130talya\u2019ya u\u011frayarak 4 Kas\u0131m 1848\u2019de Viyana\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc. 4500 km karadan, 56.000 km denizden olmak \u00fczere 60.000 km yol kateden \u0130da yolculu\u011funu \u201cBir Kad\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fcnya Etraf\u0131ndaki Yolculu\u011fu\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n etraf\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu gezinin duyulmas\u0131yla birlikte, \u0130da Pfeiffer art\u0131k \u00fcnl\u00fc bir kad\u0131n olmu\u015ftu. Herkes yeni yolculu\u011funu nereye ve ne zaman yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 merak ederken, iki sene s\u00fcren gezisinden yorgun d\u00fc\u015fen 54 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u0130da, art\u0131k uzun yolculuk yapmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Fakat tutkusundan sadece \u00fc\u00e7 sene uzak durabildi ve Avusturya h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin destekledi\u011fi ikinci d\u00fcnya gezisine (burada, o d\u00f6nemin h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bu geziyi neden destekliyor olabilece\u011fi, \u00f6nemli bir soru olabilir), 18 Mart 1851 g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bir kez daha, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n etraf\u0131nda<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Bu \u00e7izimde, Pfeiffer\u2019s zaman\u0131n moda dergileri i\u00e7in poz vermi\u015f gibidir. Onun seyahat \u00fcniformas\u0131, gri-siyah ketenden bir giysiydi. Kafas\u0131nda bir Bali \u015fapkas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor, eteklerinin yere kadar uzanmamas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni de, tabii ki bulundu\u011fu yerde s\u0131k ya\u011fan ya\u011fmurlard\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Viyana\u2019dan Londra\u2019ya giden \u0130da, \u00f6nce G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti Cape Town\u2019a, oradan da Singapur\u2019a ge\u00e7ti. Do\u011fu Hint Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 uzun uzad\u0131ya gezdi. Borneo\u2019da Landak elmas madenlerine, Dayak yerlilerinin yerle\u015fim yerlerine gitti. Dayak halk\u0131 ile ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi zaman i\u00e7in\u00a0 \u201cKorkudan titredim ama kendime sormadan da edemedim: Biz Avrupal\u0131lar da onlar kadar cinayet i\u015flemedik mi? Ke\u015fke onlarla daha fazla zaman ge\u00e7irebilseydim. Onlar\u0131 d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fcklerine ve i\u00e7tenliklerine dayanarak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u0131rklar\u0131n en tepesine koyabilirim\u201d diye yazd\u0131. \u00a0Sumatra\u2019da, hi\u00e7bir Avrupal\u0131y\u0131 daha \u00f6nce kabul etmemi\u015f olan yamyam halk Batak\u2019a kendini emanet etti. Batak halk\u0131 onu yemeye karar verdi\u011finde, onlara ya\u015fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in etinin sert ve lezzetsiz olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyip onlar\u0131 g\u00fcld\u00fcrerek hayatta kald\u0131. Daha sonra Pasifik Okyanusu boyunca hi\u00e7 kara g\u00f6rmeden iki ay yol ald\u0131ktan sonra, 27 Eyl\u00fcl 1853\u2019te Amerika\u2019n\u0131n San Francisco \u015fehrine ula\u015ft\u0131. Buradan And Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7me niyetiyle Peru\u2019ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130da, Peru\u2019daki devrimden dolay\u0131 rota de\u011fi\u015ftirip Ekvator\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylelikle Ekvator, And Da\u011flar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki ilk dura\u011f\u0131 oldu. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek aktif yanarda\u011flar\u0131ndan biri olan Cotopaxi Yanarda\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n patlamas\u0131na \u015fahit olduktan sonra, da\u011fda e\u015fekten yuvarlanmak ve timsahlara ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Guayas Nehri\u2019ne d\u00fc\u015fmek gibi \u00f6l\u00fcm tehlikelerine ve Panama\u2019da yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek ate\u015fe ra\u011fmen, 21 Kas\u0131m 1854\u2019te d\u00fcnya gezisini \u0130ngiltere\u2019de sonland\u0131rd\u0131. Bu gezisinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da \u201cD\u00fcnya Etraf\u0131ndaki \u0130kinci Yolculu\u011fum<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130da Laura Pfeiffer b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda bilime de \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar yapt\u0131. T\u00fcm gezileri boyunca toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f, b\u00f6cek ve bitki \u00f6rneklerini m\u00fczelere ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131 ya da satt\u0131. Daha \u00f6nce kimsenin \u00f6\u011frenmeyi ba\u015faramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Batak halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam \u015feklini ilk defa o anlatt\u0131. D\u00fcnya etraf\u0131nda iki kere dola\u015f\u0131p o zamanlar Avrupa\u2019da yanl\u0131\u015f bilinen co\u011frafi bilgilerin d\u00fczeltilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Paris ve Berlin Co\u011frafya Topluluklar\u0131na \u00fcye edildi. Sadece, kad\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in onu kabul etmeyen Londra Co\u011frafya Toplulu\u011fu\u2019na \u00fcye olamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1857\u2019de son bir yolculuk i\u00e7in Madagaskar\u2019a gitti. D\u00f6nemin Madagaskar Krali\u00e7esi Ranavalona \u0130da\u2019y\u0131 birka\u00e7 Avrupal\u0131\u2019yla beraber hapse att\u0131. \u0130da, krali\u00e7eyi tahttan indirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir grubun i\u00e7ine girmi\u015fti. Krali\u00e7e olaya kar\u0131\u015fan yerlileri idam ettirip Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131 da s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 etti. Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yolunda \u0130da tropik bir hastal\u0131\u011fa yakaland\u0131 ve bu hastal\u0131ktan kurtulamad\u0131. 1858\u2019de, hen\u00fcz 59 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, Viyana\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The Story of Ida Pfeiffer<\/em> and Her Travels in Many Lands<\/em>, Project Gutenberg, 2006.<\/li>\n
  2. Mary Somers Heidhues, \u201cWoman on the Road: Ida Pfeiffer in the Indies\u201d, Archipel<\/em>, Cilt: 68, 2004, ss.289-313.<\/li>\n
  3. Stefoff Rebecca, Women of the World; Women Travelers and Explorers<\/em>, Rebecca Stefoff, Oxford \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ekim 1994, 152 s.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Kad\u0131n Gezginler – 1:<\/strong> Atlasa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f di\u015fi ayak izleri<\/a>
    \nKad\u0131n Gezginler – 2: <\/strong>    Jean Baret: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7evresini dola\u015fan ilk kad\u0131n
    \n<\/a>Kad\u0131n Gezginler – 3: <\/strong>    \u0130ngiltere Kraliyet Co\u011frafya Toplulu\u011fu\u2019nun ilk kad\u0131n \u00fcyesi: \u0130sabella Bird (Bishop)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0130da Pfeiffer, kafas\u0131ndaki \u201c\u015eimdi neresi?\u201d sorusunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 buldu\u011funda, daha \u00f6nce bu seyahati ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7elerine k\u0131yasla az paras\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yola \u00e7\u0131kmaya karar verdi. Yeni istikamet, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n etraf\u0131yd\u0131! 4500 km karadan, 56.000 km denizden olmak \u00fczere 60.000 km yolu yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 y\u0131lda tepen \u0130da, an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cBir Kad\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fcnya Etraf\u0131ndaki Yolculu\u011fu\u201d kitab\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla anlatt\u0131. \u201cD\u00fcnya Etraf\u0131ndaki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":741,"featured_media":20236,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[176,2315,222],"tags":[2022,2425,238],"class_list":["post-20234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-139-sayi","category-kadin-gezginler","category-tarih","tag-dunya-turu","tag-ilk-kadin-gezginler","tag-tarih"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t