{"id":20445,"date":"2018-03-01T00:05:54","date_gmt":"2018-02-28T21:05:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=20445"},"modified":"2018-03-01T12:49:00","modified_gmt":"2018-03-01T09:49:00","slug":"ilk-britanyali-koyu-tenli-ve-mavi-gozlu-muydu-mezolitik-ingilteresinin-on-binyillik-cheddar-adami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/03\/01\/ilk-britanyali-koyu-tenli-ve-mavi-gozlu-muydu-mezolitik-ingilteresinin-on-binyillik-cheddar-adami","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lk Britanyal\u0131 koyu tenli, mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fcyd\u00fc! Mezolitik \u0130ngiltere’sinden on biny\u0131ll\u0131k kal\u0131nt\u0131: Cheddar Adam\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sunu\u015f:<\/strong> A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da okuyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z Kerry Lotzof\u2019un yaz\u0131s\u0131, Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019nin (Natural History Museum) sitesinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dr. Ahmet Kerim G\u00fcltekin taraf\u0131ndan dilimize kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Somerset – Cheddar Gorge\u2019daki Gough\u2019s Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019nda 1903\u2019de ke\u015ffedilen mezolitik bir iskeletten al\u0131nan antik DNA\u2019lar, Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019ndeki biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki en eski modern insanlardan birisinin portresini olu\u015fturmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Cheddar Adam\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 biny\u0131l evvel ya\u015fad\u0131. Muhtemelen \u0130ngiltere\u2019de bug\u00fcne de\u011fin bulunmu\u015f, t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcze ait en eski b\u00fct\u00fcn Homo sapiens<\/em> iskelet oldu. \u0130skeletten al\u0131nan antik DNA \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rma, biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n portresini ve mezolitik \u0130ngiltere\u2019sindeki ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Belki de en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fcrpriz, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin en erken modern insan yerle\u015fimcilerinin bekledi\u011finiz gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyebilece\u011fidir. De\u011fi\u015fen \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131na insan adaptasyonunu ara\u015ft\u0131ran Dr. Tom Booth, m\u00fczenin insan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 koleksiyonuyla yak\u0131ndan ilgilenen bir post-doktora ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tom, \u201cBug\u00fcne kadar yayg\u0131n olarak, insanlar\u0131n 45 biny\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce Avrupa\u2019ya geli\u015fleriyle birlikte daha soluk deri edinmeye h\u0131zla adapte olduklar\u0131 san\u0131l\u0131yordu\u201d diyor ve ekliyor, \u201cSolgun deri, UV \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 absorbe etmekte daha iyidir ve insanlar\u0131n, g\u00fcne\u015fin az oldu\u011fu iklimlerde, D vitamini eksikli\u011finden ka\u00e7\u0131nmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.\u201d Gel gelelim, Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019nda genellikle Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika\u2019yla ili\u015fkilendirilen deri renklenmesinin genetik izleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Konservat\u00f6r Effie Verveniotou, Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019ndeki \u201c\u0130nsan Evrimi\u201d sergisine gitmeden \u00f6nce, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de bug\u00fcne kadar bulunmu\u015f en eski ve b\u00fct\u00fcn modern insan\u0131n, Cheddar Adam\u0131’n\u0131n iskeletini inceliyor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bu ke\u015fif, Avrupa genelinde bulunan di\u011fer baz\u0131 mezolitik insan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla da uyumludur. \u201cO sadece bir ki\u015fi, ama d\u00f6nemin Avrupas\u0131 i\u00e7in de bir g\u00f6sterge\u201d diyor Tom ve ekliyor, \u201cSiyah derililerdi ve \u00e7o\u011funun, mavi ya da ye\u015fil, soluk renk g\u00f6zleri ve koyu kahverengi sa\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131. Cheddar Adam\u0131 insanlar\u0131n hangi genetik \u00f6zelliklerin birlikte i\u015fledi\u011fine dair beklentilerini bozuyor. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki solgun g\u00f6zler Avrupa\u2019ya soluk deriden ve sar\u0131\u015f\u0131n sa\u00e7lardan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce geldi; ki bu da tar\u0131m\u0131n var\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce de\u011fildi. O bize, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki insanlar\u0131n neye benzediklerini bug\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar\u0131n neye benzediklerine dayanarak varsayamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve bug\u00fcn g\u00f6rmeye al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6zellik \u00e7iftlerinin ayarlanm\u0131\u015f \u015feyler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n

Cheddar Adam\u0131 kimdi? <\/strong><\/p>\n

Cheddar Adam\u0131 (modern insanlarla ayn\u0131), siyah derili ve mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fc bir mezolitik avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. 166 cm boyundayd\u0131 ve 20\u2019li ya\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u0130skeleti 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda, pop\u00fcler bir turistik e\u011flence merkezi olan Gough\u2019s Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019n\u0131n su tahliyesi iyile\u015ftirmeleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Cheddar Gorge\u2019daki Gough\u2019s Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019nda kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcrken.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130lk bulundu\u011funda, onun abart\u0131l\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla 40-80 biny\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihlenen, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin en erken insan\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddia edildi. Fakat 1970\u2019lerden sonra gelen radyo-karbon tarihleri onun yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130skeleti, genellikle kad\u0131nlarda bulunan, dar bir le\u011fen kemi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Aln\u0131ndaki deli\u011fin bir enfeksiyondan m\u0131 kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131, yahut kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaki bir darbeye mi ait oldu\u011fu ise belirsiz.<\/p>\n

O zaman\u0131n Avrupa\u2019s\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm insanlar gibi, Cheddar Adam\u0131, laktoza toleranss\u0131zd\u0131 ve bir yeti\u015fkin olarak s\u00fct\u00fc hazmedemiyordu (\u00e7. n.: \u201claktoz intolerans\u0131\u201d s\u00fct ve s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin i\u00e7erisindeki \u015fekeri (laktoz) sindirememe problemidir. Bitkilerin ve hayvanlar\u0131n evcille\u015ftirilmesinden \u00f6nceki milyonlarca y\u0131lda ya\u015fayan hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn Homo<\/em> t\u00fcrleri, yeti\u015fkinliklerinde, b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla s\u00fct ve s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini t\u00fcketemezlerdi.)<\/p>\n

\"\"
Cheddar Adam\u0131’n\u0131n diyetinde yaban\u00f6k\u00fcz\u00fc de varm\u0131\u015f. Yaban\u00f6k\u00fczleri, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar s\u00fcr\u00fcler halinde ya\u015fard\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda \u0130ngiltere, Avrupa anakaras\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131 ve ormanl\u0131k alanlar giderek yo\u011funla\u015fmaktayd\u0131. \u201cCheddar Adam\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 olan bir gruba aitti\u201d diyor Tom ve ekliyor, \u201cAv etinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tohumlar ve kabuklu yemi\u015fler topluyor, olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k hayatlar s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131.\u201d \u00a0Tohumlara ve kabuklu yemi\u015flere ek olarak, diyetinde k\u0131z\u0131l geyik, yaban\u00f6k\u00fcz\u00fc ve baz\u0131 tatl\u0131 su bal\u0131klar\u0131 da vard\u0131. Yaban\u00f6k\u00fcz\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fcleri, s\u0131cak d\u00f6nemlerde olduk\u00e7a boldu. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yok oldular. Et ve s\u00fct i\u00e7in beslenen evcil s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar, onlar\u0131n soyundan gelenlerdir.<\/p>\n

Mezolitik \u0130ngiltere\u2019sinde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayat <\/strong><\/p>\n

Cheddar Adam\u0131 kaydedilmi\u015f herhangi bir hayvansal yahut k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kal\u0131nt\u0131yla bulunmam\u0131\u015f olsa da, di\u011fer mezolitik yerle\u015fimler onun diyeti ve par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015f olabilece\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayata dair ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019ndan biny\u0131l kadar \u00f6nceye tarihlenen Star Carr, Yorkshire\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde bir mezolitik yerle\u015fimidir.<\/p>\n

Orada biliminsanlar\u0131 (belki ba\u015fl\u0131k olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f) kafaya ge\u00e7irilen k\u0131z\u0131l geyik kafataslar\u0131, kehribar dahil yar\u0131-de\u011ferli ta\u015flar, kanta\u015f\u0131 ve demir s\u00fclf\u00fcr ile mezolitik \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bilinen en eski oymal\u0131 killi kolyesini buldular. Kesin olarak s\u00f6ylemek imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olsa da, benzer nesneler Cheddar Adam\u0131 i\u00e7in de a\u015fina olabilir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Cheddar Adam\u0131’n\u0131n kafatas\u0131.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

S\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir ma\u011fara mezar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu zaman dilimine tarihlenmi\u015f mezolitik insan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n hemen hepsi ma\u011faralarda bulunmu\u015ftur ve ma\u011farada defin, b\u00f6lgede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir gelenektir. \u201cCheddar Adam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerin yakla\u015f\u0131k bir 1,5 km yukar\u0131s\u0131nda, Aveline’s Hole olarak bilinen bir ba\u015fka ma\u011fara, \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki mezolitik mezarl\u0131klar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinden birisidir. Arkeologlar, 100-200 y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u0131sa bir d\u00f6nemde tortula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, 50 bireye ait kal\u0131nt\u0131lar buldular\u201d diyor Tom. Cheddar Adam\u0131 vakas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplu g\u00f6m\u00fclerin yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde yaln\u0131z g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olarak bulundu.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c7\u00f6keltilerden kurtar\u0131ld\u0131, fakat g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fc yahut zamanla ma\u011faradaki do\u011fal mineral \u00e7\u00f6keltilerle mi kapland\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fil\u201d diyor Tom ve devam ediyor, \u201cdolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6zel birisi olabilir ya da belki sadece orada k\u0131vr\u0131l\u0131p \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f olabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok Viktorian (d\u00f6nemi) kayda g\u00f6re, \u00e7ok miktarda kemik, di\u015fler ve yok olmu\u015f hayvanlar, \u00e7akmakta\u015f\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7aklar ve kemik aletler, ne yaz\u0131k ki el arabas\u0131yla d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ma\u011faran\u0131n erken d\u00f6nem sakinlerinden kalm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131. Fakat m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ki, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da Cheddar Adam\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131yla ilgili ilave ipu\u00e7lar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Antik DNA\u2019ya yeni bir deneme <\/strong><\/p>\n

Antik DNA\u2019dan bilgi almak zahmetli bir i\u015f olabilir. Dr. Selina Brace m\u00fczede antik DNA \u00fczerine uzmanla\u015f\u0131yor ve Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019yla yak\u0131ndan ilgileniyor. \u201cAntik DNA, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00f6rne\u011fin binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor ve ekliyor, \u201csadece DNA\u2019n\u0131n verileri daralm\u0131\u015f demektir.\u201d \u00a0Organizma \u00f6l\u00fcr \u00f6lmez, DNA k\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015flar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve rutubet, elde edilecek verilerin kalitesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck fark yarat\u0131r. Gough’s Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019n\u0131n istikrarl\u0131 so\u011fuk ortam\u0131 ve do\u011fal mineral \u00e7\u00f6kelti katmanlar\u0131 Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n DNA\u2019lar\u0131n\u0131n sakl\u0131 kalmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldular.<\/p>\n

Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n DNA\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lagelen yolu Selina a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u201cBir insandan yahut hayvandan antik DNA elde etmek i\u00e7in arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u015fey, i\u00e7inde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca DNA\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 ba\u015farabilmi\u015f, kal\u0131nca bir kemiktir. Bacak kemikleri ve di\u015fler gibi, DNA\u2019n\u0131n bozulmam\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi, kal\u0131n kemikler ve (di\u015f) minelerine bakard\u0131k, fakat son iki y\u0131lda petorus (\u00e7.n. \u015fakak kemi\u011finin sert b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ) ve i\u00e7 kulak kemi\u011fi gibi insan v\u00fccudunun en yo\u011fun kemiklerini kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0130ngiltere Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019nden biliminsanlar\u0131 Dr. Selina Brace, Prof. Ian Barnes, Prof. Chris Stringerve, Dr. Silvia Bello, Cheddar Adam\u0131’n\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu kafas\u0131yla poz veriyorlar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Selina, \u201cFakat bu her sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fcyor\u201d diyerek devam ediyor, \u201chalen kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 DNA\u2019y\u0131 elde etmekte ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olabilirsiniz. Fakat v\u00fccut, so\u011fuk ve dura\u011fan bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, iyi bir ortamda tortula\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa, petrous (\u015fakak kemi\u011finin sert b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7.n.) kemi\u011fi kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir antik DNA bulabilmek i\u00e7in iyi bir yerdir.\u201d<\/p>\n

DNA\u2019y\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131ktan sonra Selina ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, genoma rasgele yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f milyonlarca DNA par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 i\u00e7eren yeni nesil dizileme kullanarak, Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n DNA\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini olu\u015fturdular ve modern insan genomuna k\u0131yasla ne bulduklar\u0131n\u0131n bir haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u201cBir\u00e7ok genetik bilgi elde ettik, fakat ne t\u00fcr bir bilgi arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilmeniz gerekir\u201d diyor Tom ve ekliyor, \u201cBilhassa fiziksel \u00f6zelliklere bakan rekreasyonel bir DNA testi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdim, yayg\u0131n de\u011ferlendirmelerini kullanarak, belirte\u00e7leri yararl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde listelemi\u015flerdi. \u00a0Bu belirte\u00e7lerin listesini, Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n portresini \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, kendi biyoenformatik laboratuvar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6nderdik.\u201d<\/p>\n

Cheddar Adam\u0131 modeli, paleontolojik yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rmalarda uzman, Kennis & Kennis Reconstructions taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu sanat\u00e7\u0131lar, iskeletin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerini ald\u0131lar, kafatas\u0131n\u0131 tarayarak 3D yaz\u0131c\u0131da modelleri i\u00e7in temel \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u201cElbette y\u00fcz yeniden-yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 biraz bilim, biraz da sanatt\u0131r,\u201d diyor Tom ve devam ediyor, \u201cfakat de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerdeki insanlar\u0131n dokular\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar kal\u0131n oldu\u011funa dair baz\u0131 standartlar vard\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y\u00fcz\u00fcn morfolojisini geli\u015ftirirken bu team\u00fclleri kullanabilirler.\u201d<\/p>\n

Cheddar Adam\u0131 ile modern \u0130ngilizler akraba m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u0130ngiliz insanlar\u0131, genetik atalar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 10\u2019nu Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ait oldu\u011fu Avrupa n\u00fcfusuyla payla\u015f\u0131yor, fakat do\u011frudan nesli de\u011filler.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcncel fikir, Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ait oldu\u011fu mezolitik n\u00fcfusun, \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 eden \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerce sonradan yerinden edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n

\n
Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rmak<\/strong><\/em><\/h6>\n

\u00c7eviren: F\u0131ratcan Firik<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lk Britanyal\u0131n\u0131n koyu tenli derisi, k\u0131v\u0131rc\u0131k sa\u00e7lar\u0131 ve mavi g\u00f6zleri oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cCheddar Adam\u0131\u201d diye bilinen, en eski eksiksiz Britanyal\u0131 iskeleti, bir y\u00fczy\u0131ldan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Somerset\u2019teki Gough Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak fosillerden y\u00fcz yap\u0131m\u0131yla birlikte, DNA\u2019s\u0131 \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan incelemeler, gen\u00e7 adam\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden de koyu bir tene sahip olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Ortalama 300 ku\u015fak \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan \u201cCheddar Adam\u0131\u201dn\u0131n tasvirleri, a\u00e7\u0131k bir renk tonunda yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ancak Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi ve UCL\u2019den DNA uzmanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan evrimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Kuzey Avrupa\u2019daki atalar\u0131yla olan pigmentasyonel benze\u015fmelerin sonradan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f bir geli\u015fme oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve yeniden modelleme s\u00fcrecinin Channel 4 i\u00e7in bir belgeseli \u00e7ekildi. \u201cThe First Brit: Secrets Of The 10.000 Year Old Man\u201d ad\u0131ndaki belgeselde konu\u015fan, Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019nden, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n y\u00f6neticisi Prof. Ian Barnes \u201cBenim i\u00e7in ilgin\u00e7 olan \u015fey ten rengi de\u011fil, bug\u00fcn kimsede g\u00f6remeyece\u011finiz \u00f6zelliklerin uyumudur\u201d diyor. \u201cSadece koyu ten rengi ve mavi g\u00f6zler de\u011fil, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu uyumu yakalayabilirsiniz, fakat y\u00fcz \u015fekli de farkl\u0131. \u0130\u015fte t\u00fcm bu uyum, onu bug\u00fcn etrafta g\u00f6rece\u011finiz insanlardan farkl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n

Prof. Barnes ve Dr. Selina Brace, iskeletin kafatas\u0131ndaki kulak kemi\u011fine 2 mm\u2019lik bir delik a\u00e7arak, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kemik tozundan DNA bilgisine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. Barnes ve Brace, Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kafatas\u0131n\u0131 taram\u0131\u015flar ve \u201cpaleo sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131\u201d olarak da bilinen ve t\u00fckenmekte olan memelilerin ve eski insanlar\u0131n canland\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 yapan Alfons ve Adrie Kennis taraf\u0131ndan da \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu modeli \u00fcretilmi\u015f. Genelde Neanderthal modelleri tasarlayan ve d\u00fcnyadaki bir\u00e7ok m\u00fcze i\u00e7in yapay \u00f6rnekler yaratm\u0131\u015f olan ikizler, Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yaratmak i\u00e7in 3 aylar\u0131n\u0131 harcam\u0131\u015flar. Alfons, \u201cAdam\u0131m\u0131z buz devri sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekten heyecanland\u0131k. Onun nas\u0131l bir insan oldu\u011funu ger\u00e7ekten merak ettik. Kal\u0131n ka\u015fl\u0131 bir Neanderthal yerine, daha zarif bir y\u00fcz yaratmak muhte\u015femdi\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

Cheddar Adam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 20\u2019lerinde \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ger\u00e7ekten iyi beslendi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Onun Britanya\u2019ya ula\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce burada yerle\u015fen topluluklar olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, ondan \u00f6nce yok olmu\u015flard\u0131 ve Cheddar Adam\u0131, adadaki s\u00fcrekli yerle\u015fimin ilk i\u015faretlerini verdi.<\/p>\n

Genetik olarak, mezolitik d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, \u0130spanya, Macaristan ve L\u00fcksemburg\u2019dan gelen \u201cBat\u0131l\u0131 avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u201d olarak bilinen bir gruba aittir. Atalar\u0131 buz devrinden sonra Ortado\u011fu\u2019dan Avrupa\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; bug\u00fcn beyaz Britanyal\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 10\u2019u bu gruptan gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u201cPaleo sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131\u201d Alfons, \u201c\u0130nsanlar bug\u00fcn kendilerini ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkeye g\u00f6re tan\u0131ml\u0131yorlar ve atalar\u0131n\u0131n da ayn\u0131 kendileri gibi oldu\u011funu san\u0131yorlar. Ve sonra aniden bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6steriyor ki, eskiden genetik olarak \u015fu anda oldu\u011fumuzdan tamamen farkl\u0131yd\u0131k. \u0130nsanlar \u015fa\u015f\u0131racak ve belki de g\u00f6\u00e7menler i\u00e7in bu hik\u00e2ye biraz daha ilgi \u00e7ekici olacak. Ya da belki illa ki \u2018bir yerden olmak\u2019 fikri zorunlulu\u011fu ortadan kalkacak. Hepimiz g\u00f6\u00e7meniz.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong>\u00a0BUSINESS INSIDER<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sunu\u015f: A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da okuyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z Kerry Lotzof\u2019un yaz\u0131s\u0131, Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019nin (Natural History Museum) sitesinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dr. Ahmet Kerim G\u00fcltekin taraf\u0131ndan dilimize kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Somerset – Cheddar Gorge\u2019daki Gough\u2019s Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019nda 1903\u2019de ke\u015ffedilen mezolitik bir iskeletten al\u0131nan antik DNA\u2019lar, Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019ndeki biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki en eski modern insanlardan birisinin portresini olu\u015fturmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Cheddar Adam\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 biny\u0131l […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":673,"featured_media":20452,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[211,20,19],"tags":[2463,459,2465,2460,1796,2461,2459,2462,2464],"class_list":["post-20445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antropoloji","category-arkeoloji","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-antik-dna","tag-avci-toplayici","tag-cheddar-adami","tag-ilk-britanyali","tag-ingiltere","tag-magara-kazisi","tag-mezolitik","tag-on-binyil-once","tag-paleo-sanatci"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t