{"id":20700,"date":"2015-07-01T15:43:25","date_gmt":"2015-07-01T12:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=20700"},"modified":"2018-03-02T15:49:25","modified_gmt":"2018-03-02T12:49:25","slug":"logicomix-bir-arayis-seruveni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2015\/07\/01\/logicomix-bir-arayis-seruveni","title":{"rendered":"Logicomix: bir aray\u0131\u015f ser\u00fcveni"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cHer \u00f6yk\u00fc gibi,
\n<\/em>bizimkinde de insanlar
\n<\/em>tutkular\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015finden gidiyor!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Apostolos Doksiadis<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bertrand Russell 80. do\u011fumg\u00fcn\u00fcnde, uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara dayanan felsefesini \u2018kesinlik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019 olarak \u00f6zetler. Bu kesinlik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 onu \u00f6nce matemati\u011fe, sonra mant\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nlendirir. Ancak bu alanda da i\u015flerin Russell\u2019\u0131n umdu\u011fu gibi gidece\u011finin garantisi yoktur. Tabii Russell\u2019\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131, ke\u015fif heyecan\u0131ndan bir \u015fey eksiltmez.<\/p>\n

Logicomix<\/em>, bizi bu ser\u00fcvene ortak olmaya davet ediyor. \u00c7izgiroman t\u00fcr\u00fcndeki bu kitab\u0131n s\u00fcper kahramanlar\u0131 ise Mant\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar! 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck isimlerinden Frege, Hilbert, Russell, Whitehead, Wittgenstein, G\u00f6del bu \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn birbirinden ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6zelliklere sahip karakterleri. G\u00f6revleri hi\u00e7 de kolay say\u0131lmaz. Mant\u0131k arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kesin bilgiye ula\u015fman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 bulabilecekler midir? Evrensel sembolik bir dil in\u015fa edebilecekler midir? Ba\u015fta kula\u011fa tuhaf gelebilecek bu \u00e7izgiroman-mant\u0131k i\u015fbirli\u011finden, olas\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n aksine, e\u011flenceli bir okuma do\u011fuyor.<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulunmu\u015f Russell\u2019\u0131 tek bir s\u0131fatla nitelemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil: felsefeci, matematik\u00e7i, mant\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, bar\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck savunucusu, siyasi aktivist. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kurallar ve k\u0131s\u0131tlamalarla ge\u00e7en \u00e7ocuklu\u011fu, merak ve ke\u015fif tutkusu, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve adalet duygusuna sahip olmas\u0131, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklara yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 dikkate de\u011fer unsurlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Russell bilimsel ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde ki\u015fili\u011fiyle de farkl\u0131 bir portre olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yk\u00fc ikili bir anlat\u0131mla ilerler: Birincisi, dan\u0131\u015fman-yazar-\u00e7izerlerin bir araya gelip \u00f6yk\u00fcy\u00fc kurma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri. \u0130kincisi, Russell\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ocuklu\u011fundan ba\u015flayarak \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kadar ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131. \u0130lk d\u00fczlemde merak konusu, \u00e7izgiroman\u0131n neyi d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rak\u0131p neyi i\u00e7erece\u011fidir. \u00d6yk\u00fc, ekip \u00fcyelerinin fikir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fleri, tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla \u015fekillenir. Biyografik ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar ve derinlikli kavram tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 dahil edilmez; kitab\u0131n sonunda gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bilgi notu olarak verilir. Kurgu-ger\u00e7eklik konusundaki sorulara yan\u0131tlar aran\u0131r. \u0130kinci etapta, 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n patlak verdi\u011fi s\u0131rada Russell, bir \u00fcniversitede \u201c\u0130nsan \u0130li\u015fkilerinde Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n Rol\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir konferans vermek \u00fczere Amerika\u2019ya gider. Konferansta \u201cMant\u0131k biliminin\u201d do\u011fu\u015funu ve geli\u015fimini kendi hayat hik\u00e2yesi \u00fczerinden anlatmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, yeni \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemelerin ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler epey renkli. \u201cSonsuzluk\u201d, \u201cK\u00fcmeler Teorisi\u201d, \u201cRussell Paradoksu\u201d, \u201cTipler Kuram\u0131\u201d gibi Mant\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen teorik konulara, merak uyand\u0131ran sorular ve \u00f6rneklerle de\u011finiliyor. Frege, Aritmeti\u011fin Temelleri\u2019<\/em>nde (1884) matemati\u011fin mant\u0131\u011fa indirgenebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Russell\u2019\u0131n, Frege\u2019nin sisteminde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir \u00e7eli\u015fki matematik d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir krize sebep olur: \u201cTemeller Krizi\u201d! Russell\u2019\u0131n Paradoksu olarak an\u0131lan a\u00e7maz, t\u00fcm k\u00fcmelerin kendisini kapsamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine kuruludur. Kendilerini kapsamayan k\u00fcmelerin k\u00fcmesi olsun, diyelim. Bu k\u00fcme kendisini kapsar m\u0131 yoksa kapsamaz m\u0131? \u201cEvet, kapsar,\u201d dedi\u011fimizde kapsamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201chay\u0131r, kapsamaz,\u201d de\u011fimizde kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015f oluruz. Her iki durumda da \u00e7eli\u015fki ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Ayr\u0131ca bak\u0131labilir, Russell bunu \u201cberber \u00f6rne\u011fiyle\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n

Logicomix<\/em>, karakterlerin bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 temel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle aktar\u0131rken, ki\u015filiklerini de yans\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinde oldu\u011fu kadar davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda da Mant\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 kalan Frege ve Wittgenstein neredeyse karikat\u00fcrize ediliyor. Bir \u00f6rnek: Russell ve e\u015fi Alys, Frege\u2019yle tan\u0131\u015fmaya giderler. Russell bah\u00e7eyle ilgilenmekte olan birine \u201cAffedersiniz, buras\u0131 Profes\u00f6r Frege\u2019nin evi mi?\u201d diye sorar. \u201cHay\u0131r buras\u0131 bah\u00e7esi! Evi orada!\u201d diye yan\u0131t verir adam. \u201cProfes\u00f6r evde mi acaba?\u201d \u201cHay\u0131r, bah\u00e7ede. Profes\u00f6r benim. Siz kimsiniz?\u201d Russell konferansta \u015fu yorumu yapar: \u201cMant\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n tuhaf huylar\u0131n\u0131 hen\u00fcz bilmiyordum. En belirgin huylar\u0131ysa, her zaman s\u00f6yledikleri \u015feyi kastetmeleriydi!\u201d (s.120)<\/p>\n

\u00c7izgiromanda, sava\u015flar\u0131n trajik etkileriyle birlikte Russell\u2019\u0131n ahlaki tutumu da sergileniyor. 1914\u2019te Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n patlak vermesi Russell i\u00e7in bir k\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131r. O tarihten itibaren politik ki\u015fili\u011fiyle \u00f6n plandad\u0131r. Geni\u015f kitleleri bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir tutumu benimsemeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran konferanslar verir, denemeler yazar. Hatta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalelerini ele\u015ftirdi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle kendisine alt\u0131 ay hapis mahk\u00fbmiyeti verilir. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Hitler\u2019in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan g\u00fc\u00e7leri savunurken buluruz Russell\u2019\u0131. Amerika\u2019da verdi\u011fi konferansta bu nedenle bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Amerikan \u00f6\u011frencilerin ele\u015ftirilerine maruz kal\u0131r. \u00c7izgiromanda, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda Viyana \u00c7evresi<\/em>nden ki\u015filerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131 ve \u015fiddetin trajik bi\u00e7imde yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Ancak Russell politik ve etik konularda \u00f6\u011frencilere belli bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00f6nermez; \u201cadalet\u201d, \u201csorumluluk\u201d gibi birtak\u0131m de\u011ferlere i\u015faret ederek, cevab\u0131 onlara b\u0131rak\u0131r. \u00c7izgiromanda kapan\u0131\u015f, intikam duygusunun konu al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 me\u015fhur Yunan tragedyas\u0131, Aiskhylos\u2019un Oresteia\u2019s\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Derleyip toparlamak gerekirse, Logicomix<\/em> Russell\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 merkez alarak d\u00f6nemin Mant\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bilginin aray\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ge\u00e7en yolculuklar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor. Bu aray\u0131\u015fta karakterlerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlanmalar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra umutsuz durumlar\u0131n\u0131, korkular\u0131n\u0131, isyanlar\u0131n\u0131, hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde -ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131yla da- resmediyor. Elbette, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu duygular\u0131n ifadesinde \u00e7izgilerin etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fck. Hik\u00e2yede, trajedi ve komedinin dengelendi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn; komik unsurlar ya\u015fanan ac\u0131 olaylar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini perdelemiyor, aksine daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor.<\/p>\n

– Logicomix, Yazarlar: Apostolos Doksiadis – Hristos H. Papadimitriu, Resimleyenler: Alekos Papadatos – Annie Di Donna, \u00c7ev. \u00d6zge \u00d6zg\u00fcr, Albatros Kitap, 2012, 345 s.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cHer \u00f6yk\u00fc gibi, bizimkinde de insanlar tutkular\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015finden gidiyor!\u201d Apostolos Doksiadis Bertrand Russell 80. do\u011fumg\u00fcn\u00fcnde, uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara dayanan felsefesini \u2018kesinlik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019 olarak \u00f6zetler. Bu kesinlik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 onu \u00f6nce matemati\u011fe, sonra mant\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nlendirir. Ancak bu alanda da i\u015flerin Russell\u2019\u0131n umdu\u011fu gibi gidece\u011finin garantisi yoktur. Tabii Russell\u2019\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131, ke\u015fif heyecan\u0131ndan bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":486,"featured_media":20701,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[174,221,511],"tags":[2037,2494,2036,479],"class_list":["post-20700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-137-sayi","category-felsefe","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-bertrand-russell","tag-cizgiroman","tag-logicomix","tag-mantik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t