{"id":20803,"date":"2018-03-03T22:23:04","date_gmt":"2018-03-03T19:23:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=20803"},"modified":"2018-04-20T14:37:39","modified_gmt":"2018-04-20T11:37:39","slug":"islamcilarin-ceddinin-bilime-yaklasimi-nasildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/03\/03\/islamcilarin-ceddinin-bilime-yaklasimi-nasildi","title":{"rendered":"\u0130slamc\u0131lar\u0131n ceddinin bilime yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nas\u0131ld\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130slam ve Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n ve bu aristokrat s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapan \u0130slam ideologlar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel etkinli\u011fe nas\u0131l yakla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131na, bilim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn insanlar\u0131na neler \u00e7ektirdiklerine \u00f6rnekler\u2026 <\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130slam Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da denilebilecek Orta\u00e7a\u011f Do\u011fu Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilime ve felsefeye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131lar\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermek gerekir. Ama bu katk\u0131lar\u0131n neler pahas\u0131na yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, d\u00f6nemin h\u00e2kim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n ve bu aristokrat s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapan \u0130slam ideologlar\u0131n\u0131n bilim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn insanlar\u0131na neler \u00e7ektirdi\u011fini de bilmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

\u0130yisi mi, olgulara bakal\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n

Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee: \u2018Halka bilim \u00f6\u011fretilmemeli\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hakim S\u00fcnni \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n resmi ideologu \u0130mam Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee\u2019nin (1058-1111) genel olarak bilimler hakk\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlemi\u015f uzmanlar:<\/p>\n

\u201cMatematik, cebir, geometri, astronomi vb. bilimleri dine zarar verebilece\u011fi inanc\u0131yla ele\u015ftiren Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee, bu bilimlerle hi\u00e7 ilgilenilmemesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Ku\u015fkusuz toplumun, dinsel ve pratik gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in, bu bilimlere asgari d\u00fczeyde gereksinim vard\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bu bilimlerle belli a\u00e7\u0131lardan ilgilenilmeli, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131ya ka\u00e7anlar ve b\u00f6ylece dinden uzakla\u015fanlar engellenmeli; bu bilimler halka da \u00f6\u011fretilmemelidir.\u201d (Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee, el-Munkizu Min ed-Dal\u00e2l, \u00e7eviren ve Arap\u00e7as\u0131yla ne\u015freden: A. Subhi Furat, \u015eamil Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1978, s.9-10)<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0130mam Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee: Bilim ve felsefe d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n teorisyeni.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee matematik hakk\u0131nda da \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015f:<\/p>\n

\u201cS\u00f6z konusu bilimin iki sak\u0131ncas\u0131 vard\u0131r: \u0130lki, onu ara\u015ft\u0131ran kimsenin, onun inceliklerine ve kesinli\u011fi i\u00e7ermesine hayran olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu hayranl\u0131k, onun filozoflara inanc\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir ve onlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgilerinin a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve kesinlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu bilim gibi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesine yol a\u00e7ar. Filozoflar\u0131n k\u00e2fir olduklar\u0131n\u0131, Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 ink\u00e2r ettiklerini ve \u015feriata ili\u015fkin olarak dillerde dola\u015fan baz\u0131 konular\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsediklerini duyar ve b\u00f6ylece s\u0131rf \u00f6yk\u00fcnme ile k\u00e2fir olur. Bu bilimlerle \u00e7ok fazla me\u015fgul olup da dinden \u00e7\u0131kmayan ve takvadan uzakla\u015fmayan \u00e7ok azd\u0131r.\u201d (ayn\u0131 eser, s.8.)<\/p>\n

Katledilenler, k\u0131rba\u00e7lananlar\u2026 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee\u2019nin izinden giden \u0130slam hukuk\u00e7usu \u0130bn es-Sal\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n (1181-1245) fetvas\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n

\u201cFelsefe \u00f6\u011fretileri ile u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kan\u0131t bulunan herkes, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki se\u00e7eneklerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalacakt\u0131r: K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la idam ya da \u0130slam\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f; ancak bu \u015fekilde, memlekette ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 elde edebilecekler ve b\u00f6ylelikle bilimlerinin k\u00f6k\u00fc kaz\u0131nabilecektir.\u201d (Pervez Hoodbhoy, \u0130slam ve Bilim, \u00e7eviren: Eser Birey, Cem\/K\u00fclt\u00fcr, \u0130stanbul 1993, s.156.)<\/p>\n

Do\u00e7. Dr. Hasan Ayd\u0131n da \u015fu bilgileri aktar\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cHo\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fck fetvalarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f, kimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesine, lin\u00e7 edilmesine ve i\u015fkence g\u00f6rmesine de neden olmu\u015ftur. Cad b. Dirhem, Cehm b. Safv\u00e2n, Hallac-\u0131 Mens\u00fbr, Suhreverd\u00ee, \u0130bn Mukaff\u00e2, Be\u015f\u015f\u00e2r b. B\u00fcrd vb.leri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden hayatlar\u0131ndan olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fck y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, Kind\u00ee\u2019nin elinden kitaplar\u0131 al\u0131narak yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir halk y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde, 60 ya\u015flar\u0131nda iken k\u0131rba\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f; bu olay \u00fczerine en verimli d\u00f6neminde depresyona girmi\u015f ve sessizli\u011fe g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ebu Bekr Zekeriyy\u00e2 er-R\u00e2z\u00ee, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n kitapla kafas\u0131na vurmas\u0131 sonucu g\u00f6zlerini yitirmi\u015ftir. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019\u00fcn kitaplar\u0131 elinden al\u0131n\u0131p yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, sonra da Luceyna\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Benzer durumlar\u0131n, F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee ve \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2 gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin de ba\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011fi bilinir.\u201d (H. Ayd\u0131n, \u201cOrta\u00e7a\u011f \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bilim ve felsefe neden geri kald\u0131?\u201d, Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em>, Say\u0131: 131, Ocak 2015, s.26)<\/p>\n

\"\"
Takiy\u00fcddin\u2019in rasathanesi \u015eeyh\u00fclislam fetvas\u0131yla 1580\u2019de topa tutulmu\u015ftu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Osmanl\u0131 y\u00fckselirken bilim ve felsefe al\u00e7al\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gelelim Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cy\u00fckseli\u015f d\u00f6nemi\u201dne\u2026 Derinle\u015fmek isteyenler, Ahmet Ya\u015far Ocak\u2019\u0131n \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Toplumunda Z\u0131nd\u0131klar ve M\u00fclhidler\u201d, R\u0131za Zelyut\u2019un \u201cOsmanl\u0131\u2019da Kar\u015f\u0131 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve \u0130dam Edilenler\u201d, Remzi Demir\u2019in \u201cOsmanl\u0131lar\u2019da Bilimsel D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin Yap\u0131s\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131na ba\u015fvurabilir. Biz sadece birka\u00e7\u0131na de\u011finece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

– Osmanl\u0131 ulemas\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere sahip olan Molla L\u00fctf\u00ee, z\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131k ve m\u00fclhidlik ile su\u00e7lanarak 1494\u2019de k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la boynu vurularak idam ediliyor.<\/p>\n

– Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n Hz. Muhammed\u2019den daha \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu iddia eden ve padi\u015fah huzurundaki tart\u0131\u015fmada di\u011fer ulemay\u0131 alt eden Molla K\u00e2b\u0131z, bizzat Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n emri ve \u015feyh\u00fclislam\u0131n fetvas\u0131yla boynu vurularak idam ediliyor (1527).<\/p>\n

– \u015eeyh Bedreddin\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine yak\u0131n olan, Kuran<\/em>\u2019\u0131 farkl\u0131 yorumlayan, ne M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011fa ne de H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa inanan, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ebedili\u011fini ve bu ebedili\u011fin Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu savunan, cennet ve cehennemin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savlayan Nadajl\u0131 Sar\u0131 Abdurrahman 1602\u2019de idama mahk\u00fbm ediliyor ve boynu vurularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

– \u201cAllah diye bir \u015fey yoktur veya uleman\u0131n iddia etti\u011fi gibi kudret ve hikmet sahibi de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc e\u011fer ger\u00e7ekten mevcut olsayd\u0131 benim gibi ondan horlukla bahseden birini hayatta b\u0131rakmazd\u0131\u201d diyen L\u00e2ri Mehmed Efendi, hakk\u0131ndaki fetva \u00fczerine Parmakkap\u0131\u2019da halka te\u015fhir edildikten sonra hayat\u0131na son veriliyor (1665).<\/p>\n

– B\u00fcy\u00fck astronom Takiy\u00fcddin\u2019in Tophane s\u0131rtlar\u0131nda kurulan g\u00f6zlemevinin 1580 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u015eeyh\u00fclislam Kad\u0131zade\u2019nin onaylayan fetvas\u0131 ve padi\u015fah III. Murat’\u0131n emriyle denizden topa tutularak y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise \u00e7ok bilinen bir \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n

Verdi\u011fimiz bu \u00f6rnekler \u0130slam ve Osmanl\u0131 devletlerinde saraya \u00e7ok yak\u0131n, ulema i\u00e7inde bulunan bilimcilerin ve filozoflar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelenler. Halk\u0131n temsilcisi olan ve y\u00f6netimlere isyan eden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelebilecekleri ise var\u0131n siz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130slam ve Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n ve bu aristokrat s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapan \u0130slam ideologlar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel etkinli\u011fe nas\u0131l yakla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131na, bilim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn insanlar\u0131na neler \u00e7ektirdiklerine \u00f6rnekler\u2026 \u0130slam Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da denilebilecek Orta\u00e7a\u011f Do\u011fu Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilime ve felsefeye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131lar\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermek gerekir. Ama bu katk\u0131lar\u0131n neler pahas\u0131na yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, d\u00f6nemin h\u00e2kim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n ve bu aristokrat s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapan \u0130slam […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":20805,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2314,224,221,222],"tags":[482,439,556,2503,2504],"class_list":["post-20803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-oykuleri","category-din-ve-dinler-tarihi","category-felsefe","category-tarih","tag-bilim","tag-gazzali","tag-islam","tag-osmanlida-bilim","tag-takiyuddin"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/493"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20803"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20803\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}