{"id":21443,"date":"2018-03-10T13:50:47","date_gmt":"2018-03-10T10:50:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=21443"},"modified":"2018-03-10T13:53:20","modified_gmt":"2018-03-10T10:53:20","slug":"deprem-erken-uyarisi-icin-kutlecekim-dalgalari-yeni-umut-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/03\/10\/deprem-erken-uyarisi-icin-kutlecekim-dalgalari-yeni-umut-mu","title":{"rendered":"Deprem erken uyar\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim dalgalar\u0131 yeni umut mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00fctle\u00e7ekim (gravite) dalgalar\u0131 ile depremin erken uyar\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki konusu \u015fu a\u015famada tuhaf gelebilir. Ancak son y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan bulu\u015flar k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n erken uyar\u0131 d\u00fczene\u011finde i\u015fe yarayaca\u011f\u0131na dair ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 veriyor. Bu nas\u0131l olmaktad\u0131r? <\/em><\/p>\n

Jeofizik\u00e7iler 80 y\u0131ld\u0131r kara, deniz ve havada gravimetre adl\u0131 cihazlarla her \u00f6l\u00e7ekte D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in ve Ay\u2019\u0131n gel-git etkilerini ve petrol ve gaz yataklar\u0131 dahil madenleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yer\u00e7ekimi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc yap\u0131yorlar. \u0130lk modern gravimetre 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lucien LaCoste and Arnold Romberg taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00a0B\u00fct\u00fcn elektro-mekanik cihazlarda oldu\u011fu gibi gravimetreler de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ok daha duyarl\u0131 ve ak\u0131ll\u0131 ayg\u0131tlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Benzer \u015fekilde deprem dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n kayd\u0131 i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen geni\u015f frekans aral\u0131kl\u0131 ve dinamik yetene\u011fi y\u00fcksek kay\u0131t\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n da yer\u00e7ekiminin zamanla de\u011fi\u015fimini kaydetme kapasitesi kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer basit bir fiziksel kurala indirgersek, deprem ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckse faylar \u00fczerinde aniden hareket eden yerkabu\u011fu k\u00fctlesi de o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck oluyor, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla deprem kaynak b\u00f6lgesindeki co\u011frafyada yer\u00e7ekimi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri de\u011fi\u015fiyor. Bu fiziksel olgudan hareketle, b\u00fcy\u00fck depremler s\u0131ras\u0131nda yerkabu\u011funda olu\u015fan dinamik k\u00fctle deformasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yer\u00e7ekimi dalgalar\u0131 yayma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 jeofizik\u00e7iler bir s\u00fcredir kuramsal d\u00fczeyde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

1990\u2019lardan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck depremlerin yer\u00e7ekimi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fime ve bu de\u011fi\u015fimlerin s\u00fcper iletken gravimetrelerle saptanmas\u0131na dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Japonya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda M=9.1 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck depremlerinden biri olan Tohoku depreminin y\u00fcksek duyarl\u0131kl\u0131 sismik kay\u0131tlar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde b\u00fcy\u00fck depremlerin yer\u00e7ekimi dalgas\u0131 yaratabilece\u011fine dair beklenen ipucu elde edildi.<\/p>\n

Deprem kay\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan jeofizik\u00e7iler, depremin ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte yer\u00e7ekimi dalgas\u0131n\u0131n her y\u00f6ne yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve deprem kay\u0131t\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 gecikmelerle kaydedildi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Depremin yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 en h\u0131zl\u0131 dalga olan sismik P dalgas\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131 yerkabu\u011fu i\u00e7erisinde 6.0 km\/s ile 8.0 km\/s aras\u0131ndaki h\u0131zlarla ilerlerken, yer\u00e7ekimi dalgalar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131nda (300.000 km\/s) ilerler. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenle yer\u00e7ekimi dalgas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle 1000 ve 2000 km \u00f6tedeki kay\u0131t\u00e7\u0131larda P dalgas\u0131ndan 3 dakikaya (180 saniye) varan daha erken geli\u015flerle kaydedildi.<\/p>\n

1 Aral\u0131k 2017\u2019de Science<\/em> dergisinde yay\u0131nlanan bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bulgu CNRS, IPGP, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot ve Caltech\u2019ten ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan olu\u015fan bir ekip taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nland\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir depremle ilgili geli\u015fen yer\u00e7ekimi dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zlemi ve nereden geldiklerinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bu g\u00f6zlem bize depremin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 dalgalar\u0131 bulundu\u011fumuz yere varmadan birka\u00e7 dakika \u00f6nceden bir b\u00fcy\u00fck depremin oldu\u011funu ve ne b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte ve \u00f6zellikte olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden bilmemizi sa\u011flayacak ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 veriyor. G\u00f6zlemlere g\u00f6re \u015fu anda b\u00fcy\u00fck depremler i\u00e7in \u201cerken uyar\u0131\u201d umudu var g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyorsa da b\u00fcy\u00fck ama yak\u0131n veya M=8\u2019den daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck depremler i\u00e7in bu konuda kuramsal ve g\u00f6zlemsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem tehlikesi olan b\u00f6lgelerin ve \u015fehirlerin \u00e7evresine gravite dalgalar\u0131yla sismik dalgalar\u0131 kaydedecek ve de\u011ferlendirecek ak\u0131ll\u0131, geni\u015f bandl\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek duyarl\u0131kl\u0131 deprem ve gravimetre kay\u0131t\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6nemli bir giri\u015fim olacak.<\/p>\n

M=8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck depremlerin yer\u00e7ekimi dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n da kaydedilebilmesi i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f gravimetre ve deprem kay\u0131t\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla kullanma ama\u00e7l\u0131 kuramsal ve g\u00f6zlemsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki 2018 y\u0131l\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda olacak b\u00fcy\u00fck depremler jeofizik\u00e7ilere ve deprembilimcilere umut veren bir\u00e7ok yeni tart\u0131\u015fma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131 sunacak. Belki de cep telefonlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ekran\u0131na \u201cAlarm! 55 saniye sonra kuvvetle sars\u0131lacaks\u0131n\u0131z, \u00f6nlemlerinizi al\u0131n\u0131z!\u201d gibi bir mesaj\u0131n gelece\u011fi g\u00fcnler yak\u0131n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u00fctle\u00e7ekim (gravite) dalgalar\u0131 ile depremin erken uyar\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki konusu \u015fu a\u015famada tuhaf gelebilir. Ancak son y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan bulu\u015flar k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n erken uyar\u0131 d\u00fczene\u011finde i\u015fe yarayaca\u011f\u0131na dair ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 veriyor. Bu nas\u0131l olmaktad\u0131r? Jeofizik\u00e7iler 80 y\u0131ld\u0131r kara, deniz ve havada gravimetre adl\u0131 cihazlarla her \u00f6l\u00e7ekte D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in ve Ay\u2019\u0131n gel-git etkilerini ve petrol ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":233,"featured_media":21460,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,26,232],"tags":[691,313,1161,2471,2573],"class_list":["post-21443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-fizik","category-yerbilimleri","tag-deprem","tag-jeofizik","tag-kutlecekim","tag-yerbilimleri","tag-yercekimi-dalgalari"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t