{"id":21491,"date":"2018-03-12T00:05:50","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T21:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=21491"},"modified":"2023-08-18T09:10:06","modified_gmt":"2023-08-18T06:10:06","slug":"21491","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/03\/12\/21491","title":{"rendered":"Evrim kuram\u0131 t\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir mi?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iddias\u0131: <\/strong><strong>Evrim kuram\u0131 t\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayamaz<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bilimin yan\u0131t\u0131: Canl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin tek ve makul nedenini evrim kuram\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u201cEvrim kuram\u0131, t\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayamaz.\u201d\u00a0<em>(Harun Yahya, Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f Atlas\u0131 2,<\/em> s.43)<\/p>\n<p>Her birey, kendini, \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu t\u00fcr\u00fcn ortalama tipolojisinin \u00fczerine ta\u015f\u0131yacak veya alt\u0131na \u00e7ekecek y\u00fczlerce \u00f6zellik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir. \u00dcst\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmak elbette bireyin hem hayatta kalma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hem de \u00fcreme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131racakt\u0131r. Fakat bu bir olas\u0131l\u0131ktan \u00f6teye ge\u00e7mez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7evresel ko\u015fullardaki de\u011fi\u015fimler ve ge\u00e7ici olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kimi \u015fartlar, \u201c\u00fcst\u00fcn nitelikli\u201d bireyin hayatta kalmas\u0131na veya \u00fcremesine izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde de d\u00fczenlenebilir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak herhangi bir canl\u0131 toplulu\u011funu olu\u015fturan canl\u0131lar\u0131n ancak belli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc eri\u015fkinli\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131r ve \u00fcremeyi ba\u015far\u0131r. Bireyler \u00fczerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlerde etki ederek geleceklerini belirleyen \u00e7evre, bu anlamda evrimin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ve h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden \u00f6nemli bir etkendir. Di\u011fer yandan, do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim birey \u00fczerinde etki etmekle beraber, evrimle\u015fmeye u\u011frayan, bireyin \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu topluluktur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc genetik d\u00fczenleni\u015f ya\u015fam s\u00fcrecinde korunan bir \u00f6zelliktir ve evrimle\u015fmenin yolu, biyolojik \u00f6zelliklerin \u015fifrelerini ta\u015f\u0131yan genlerden ge\u00e7er. Yeni genetik d\u00fczenleni\u015fler ise ancak seks\u00fcel \u00fcremeyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Yani yeni gen birle\u015fimlerinin meydana geldi\u011fi yeni nesiller, hem \u00e7evre gibi evrimin yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr, hem de do\u011fal se\u00e7ilimin \u00fczerine etki edebilece\u011fi \u00f6\u011felerdir. Elbette bu, seks\u00fcel \u00fcremenin g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc t\u00fcrlerde evrimle\u015fmenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez, fakat bunlarda \u00e7e\u015fitlilik \u00fcretme mekanizmalar\u0131 hem daha k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131, hem de farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bireylerinin e\u015f bulma ve seks\u00fcel \u00fcreme yoluyla yeni nesiller olu\u015fturma \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131 bu gibi t\u00fcrler, biyolojik anlamda var olan \u00e7evre ile ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde olma zorunlulu\u011funun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, ileriki s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi muhtemel \u00e7evresel de\u011fi\u015fimlere yan\u0131t verme, yani evrimle\u015fme gereklili\u011fi i\u00e7inde de hareket ederler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hem genetik anlamda bir sabitlik g\u00f6stermeli, hem de \u00e7evrenin istikrarl\u0131 olmayan yap\u0131s\u0131na yan\u0131t verecek esneklikte olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Bu \u015fu anlama gelir; sabit, rekabet i\u00e7eren ve ko\u015fullar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r oldu\u011fu bir ortamda ya\u015fayan topluluklar i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fim \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olabilir; \u00e7evresine iyi uyum sa\u011flayarak ya\u015famaya devam etmesi t\u00fcr i\u00e7in en k\u00e2rl\u0131 oland\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, milyonlarca y\u0131l boyunca de\u011fi\u015fmeyen bir t\u00fcre rastlamak \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir durum olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar. Hareket halinde olmayan veya hareket yetisi k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131, \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n ortalaman\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde veya alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan t\u00fcrler i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fmemek bir avantaj olabilir. Sonu\u00e7ta canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n amac\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmek de\u011fil, hayatta kalmakt\u0131r ve de\u011fi\u015fim hayatta kalmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu m\u00fcddet\u00e7e ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u011fer yandan \u00e7o\u011fu t\u00fcr\u00fcn bireyleri, de\u011fi\u015fen aral\u0131klarda geli\u015fimsel esneklik veya uyum sa\u011flama yetene\u011fi g\u00f6sterir. Bu esneklik \u00e7evreye, bireyin b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fimi \u00fczerinde etki etme olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. Toplulu\u011fun genetik bile\u015fenlerinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eden gen havuzunun dinamik istikrarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7evreye uyum sa\u011flama veya s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6sterme gibi \u00f6zellikleri garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131rken, sabitlik ve dinamizm aras\u0131ndaki dengenin bozulmas\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc yok olmaya g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6ylelikle bireyin t\u00fcm anatomik, fizyolojik ve hatta davran\u0131\u015fsal \u00f6zellikleri ve bu \u00f6zelliklerin i\u015flevleri, bireyin \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu toplulu\u011fun \u00fcreme oranlar\u0131na sundu\u011fu katk\u0131 \u00fczerinden anla\u015f\u0131labilir ve de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Elbette baz\u0131 primat t\u00fcrlerinde veya insanlarda oldu\u011fu gibi, sosyal ba\u011flar\u0131n ve etkile\u015fimin \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu, ileti\u015fim, zek\u00e2 ve teknoloji kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi etkenlerin devreye girdi\u011fi durumlarda do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim ve evrim, t\u0131pk\u0131 yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz seks\u00fcel \u00fcreme g\u00f6stermeyen t\u00fcrlerde oldu\u011fu gibi biraz daha farkl\u0131 bir i\u015fleyi\u015f g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Do\u011fal se\u00e7ilimin matematiksel bir i\u015fleyi\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, bir sonraki nesilin gen havuzuna yap\u0131lan katk\u0131 \u00fczerinden belirlenen bir \u201cse\u00e7imli \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanabilir ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin tek ve makul nedenini evrim kuram\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak<br \/>\n<\/strong>1)\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/seyhan.library.boun.edu.tr\/search\/aCampbell%2C+Bernard+Grant.\/acampbell+bernard+grant\/-3,-1,0,B\/browse\">Campbell, B. G.<\/a>, <em>Human evolution: an introduction to man\u2019s adaptations<\/em>, Aldine de Gruyter, New York, 1992.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iddias\u0131: Evrim kuram\u0131 t\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayamaz Bilimin yan\u0131t\u0131: Canl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin tek ve makul nedenini evrim kuram\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar \u00a0\u201cEvrim kuram\u0131, t\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayamaz.\u201d\u00a0(Harun Yahya, Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f Atlas\u0131 2, s.43) Her birey, kendini, \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu t\u00fcr\u00fcn ortalama tipolojisinin \u00fczerine ta\u015f\u0131yacak veya alt\u0131na \u00e7ekecek y\u00fczlerce \u00f6zellik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir. \u00dcst\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmak elbette bireyin hem hayatta kalma [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":184,"featured_media":21494,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,32],"tags":[2587,2588,1691],"class_list":["post-21491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biyoloji","category-evrim","tag-biyolojik-cesitlenme","tag-evrim-mekanizmalari","tag-turlesme"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/184"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21491"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21491\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}