{"id":21701,"date":"2007-11-01T00:00:01","date_gmt":"2007-10-31T22:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=21701"},"modified":"2023-08-10T15:43:24","modified_gmt":"2023-08-10T12:43:24","slug":"asik-olunasi-bir-sayi-pi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2007\/11\/01\/asik-olunasi-bir-sayi-pi","title":{"rendered":"\u00c2\u015f\u0131k olunas\u0131 bir say\u0131: Pi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alt taraf\u0131, dairenin \u00e7evresinin \u00e7ap\u0131na oran\u0131\u2026 \u00d6yle demeyin, tarih boyu kalbur\u00fcst\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn matematik\u00e7ileri pe\u015finden ko\u015fturmu\u015f bir say\u0131d\u0131r pi. Hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n pi ile ili\u015fkisi bir a\u015fk ili\u015fkisine benzetilebilir. \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Antik pi tutkunlar\u0131
\n<\/strong>Kimler tutulmam\u0131\u015f ki pi\u2019ye? Biraz spek\u00fclasyon olacak ama, pi\u2019nin ilk fark\u0131na varan ki\u015fi tekerle\u011fi icat eden Homo sapiens <\/em>olabilir. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgelere gelince, eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n bu i\u015fle u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. A\u015fk\u0131n\u0131n izini b\u0131rakan ilk ki\u015fi, \u00fcnl\u00fc Rhind Papir\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc yazan M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 katip Ahmes\u2019mi\u015f (M\u00d6 1650). Mezopotamyal\u0131lar da geri kalmam\u0131\u015f; belki bir g\u00fcn Rhind Papir\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden daha eski bir S\u00fcmer tableti bulunabilir.
\nAntik Ege matematik\u00e7ilerinin y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f pi. Koslu Hippocrates, say\u0131lara tapan Pithagoras (Pisagor), d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yuvarlak oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Eratosthenes, pi\u2019nin ilk soyut tan\u0131m\u0131na yak\u0131nla\u015fan \u00fcnl\u00fc Euclides (\u00d6klit), Pergeli Apollonius, \u0130skenderiyeli Heron, Samoslu Conon ve daha niceleri pi\u2019yi ke\u015ffetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. Bin bir y\u00f6ntem denemi\u015fler, pi\u2019ye tam olarak sahip olabilmek i\u00e7in. Ama nafile, giderek daha fazla yak\u0131nla\u015fmakla yetinmi\u015fler.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Archimedes, kuma \u00e7izdi\u011fi \u015fekillere g\u00f6lgesi vuran Romal\u0131 askere \u201cDairelerimi sak\u0131n bozma!\u201d diye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nca sinirlenen asker taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u2018Noli turbane circulos meos!\u2019
\n<\/strong>Bu noktada a\u015fk\u0131 u\u011fruna \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze alan Archimedes\u2019e (Ar\u015fimet) de\u011finmeden ge\u00e7mek olmaz. D\u00f6neminin en yakla\u015f\u0131k pi de\u011ferini bulan Archimedes\u2019in nas\u0131l \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin bir s\u00f6ylence vard\u0131r. Siracuse\u2019de do\u011fdu\u011fu kasabay\u0131 bilimin y\u00f6ntemleriyle Romal\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 savunan Archimedes, kent fethedildikten sonra kendisini \u0130mparator Marcellus\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in gelen Roma askerine sert bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve sinirlenen asker taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Archimedes, kuma \u00e7izdi\u011fi \u015fekillere g\u00f6lgesi vuran askere \u201cNoli turbane circulos meos!\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani, \u201cDairelerimi sak\u0131n bozma!\u201d Gerekti\u011finde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze alabilmektir a\u015fk!
\nAntik \u00c7inli ve Hintli pi tutkunlar\u0131n\u0131 da unutmayal\u0131m. Hon Han Shu, Wang Fau, Liu Hui, Siddhanta, Zu Chongzhi, Tsu Ch\u2019ung Chi, Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, d\u00f6nemlerinde yak\u0131nla\u015fma rekorlar\u0131 k\u0131ran pi \u00e2\u015f\u0131klar\u0131. Cebiri, trigonometriyi bulan orta\u00e7a\u011f Do\u011fu bilginlerinin pi\u2019yi ke\u015ffetme u\u011fra\u015f\u0131na girmemelerine olanak yok. Hem \u00fcnl\u00fc bir matematik\u00e7i hem de bir a\u015fk ve \u015farap \u015fairi olan \u00d6mer Hayyam\u2019\u0131n, pi ile ha\u015f\u0131r ne\u015fir olmamas\u0131 nas\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir? Hayyam nas\u0131l \u015fair oldu san\u0131yorsunuz? Bir matematik\u00e7iyi, ancak pi \u015fair yapabilir!<\/p>\n

\"\"
Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u00f6len Hintli matematik\u00e7i Ramanujan son pi tutkunlar\u0131ndan.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A\u015fk\u0131ndan k\u00f6r olan Euler
\n<\/strong>R\u00f6nesans sonras\u0131 Avrupal\u0131 matematik\u00e7ilere gelince, pi\u2019ye tutkun olmayan yok gibi. En \u00fcnl\u00fc ikisini sayal\u0131m: Pi\u2019ye bug\u00fcn kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ad\u0131n\u0131 veren \u0130svi\u00e7reli Leonhard Euler ve Alman Carl Friedrich Gauss. Euler \u015fair olmam\u0131\u015f ama k\u00f6r olmu\u015f! Gauss ise daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i (yani \u00e2\u015f\u0131k de\u011fil!), bakm\u0131\u015f pabu\u00e7 pahal\u0131, hesaplamalar\u0131 asistan\u0131 Dahse\u2019ye devretmi\u015f.
\n20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc pi tutkunlar\u0131ndan olan Hintli garip matematik\u00e7i Ramanujan\u2019\u0131 da anmadan ge\u00e7meyelim. Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden Ramanujan\u2019\u0131n deneysel y\u00f6ntemlerle olu\u015fturdu\u011fu pi denklemleri h\u00e2l\u00e2 matematik\u00e7ileri u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bilgisayar icat oldu, mertlik bozuldu
\n<\/strong>Fakat bilgisayar icat edilmi\u015f mertlik bozulmu\u015f. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn pi tutkunlar\u0131 kendi beyinlerini de\u011fil, bilgisayarlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Bu yolla 1,24 trilyon basama\u011fa kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k de\u011ferleri olu\u015fturulmu\u015f pi\u2019nin. Bir bilgisayar toplulu\u011funa sahipseniz ve bo\u015f zaman\u0131n\u0131z da varsa siz de basamaklar\u0131 art\u0131rabilirsiniz. Ama bunun ne anlam\u0131 var ki; kapitalizmin sanal a\u015fklar\u0131! Bir de \u2018Pi G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019 icat etmi\u015fler. Mart\u2019\u0131n, yani 3. ay\u0131n 14. g\u00fcn\u00fc. So\u011fuk Amerikan esprileri gibi, de\u011fil mi?
\nOysa pi\u2019nin de\u011feri niceli\u011finde de\u011fil, niteli\u011finde. Niceliksel yakla\u015f\u0131mlara -isterseniz binlerce bilgisayar\u0131 binlerce g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n- kendini vermez pi. Kovalanarak yakalanamayan bir say\u0131d\u0131r pi; t\u0131pk\u0131 a\u015fk gibi.
\nHem pi ka\u00e7m\u0131yor ki, hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131zda. Pi ke\u015ffedilebilir, daha do\u011frusu pi\u2019ye \u2018erilebilir\u2019 ancak. Ve sonsuz bir ke\u015fif u\u011fra\u015f\u0131d\u0131r bu, maddenin hareketi gibi. Mutlak do\u011frunun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r pi. Ya\u015famda, do\u011fada ve evrende \u2018mutlak ger\u00e7ek\u2019 yoktur; onlar Tanr\u0131 katlar\u0131nda bulunabilir ancak. Pi, bize bunu s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alt taraf\u0131, dairenin \u00e7evresinin \u00e7ap\u0131na oran\u0131\u2026 \u00d6yle demeyin, tarih boyu kalbur\u00fcst\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn matematik\u00e7ileri pe\u015finden ko\u015fturmu\u015f bir say\u0131d\u0131r pi. Hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n pi ile ili\u015fkisi bir a\u015fk ili\u015fkisine benzetilebilir. \u00a0 Antik pi tutkunlar\u0131 Kimler tutulmam\u0131\u015f ki pi\u2019ye? Biraz spek\u00fclasyon olacak ama, pi\u2019nin ilk fark\u0131na varan ki\u015fi tekerle\u011fi icat eden Homo sapiens olabilir. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgelere gelince, eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":21702,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,2314,25],"tags":[2626,208,2628,2625,2627],"class_list":["post-21701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-45-sayi","category-bilim-oykuleri","category-matematik","tag-archimedes","tag-matematik","tag-pi-gunu","tag-pi-sayisi","tag-ramanujan"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t