Bu say\u0131daki yaz\u0131da matematiksel bir oyunun analizini yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131m, ama olmad\u0131. Bir hafta boyunca u\u011fra\u015farak kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m metin son kontrolde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm bir hata y\u00fcz\u00fcnden tamamen ge\u00e7ersiz kald\u0131. Oyunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesini yeniden yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, yaz\u0131y\u0131 dergiye g\u00f6nderme s\u00fcresini a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, panikledim, ba\u015faramad\u0131m. O an, m\u00fcthi\u015f bir i\u00e7 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yla i\u00e7imden \u201ch\u00fcsran\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc say\u0131klarken 1902\u2019de Frege\u2019nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc an\u0131msad\u0131m. Bilim tarihinin \u201centelekt\u00fcel d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck\u201d ba\u011flam\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6stergelerinden biri olarak kabul edilen bu olay\u0131 k\u0131saca anlatmaya karar verdim.<\/p>\n
Analitik felsefenin ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f dil felsefesinin kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan Alman as\u0131ll\u0131 matematik\u00e7i ve mant\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 Frege (1848-1925), 1893\u2019te \u00fcnl\u00fc Aritmeti\u011fin Temelleri <\/em>adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n birinci cildini yay\u0131mlar. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla aritmeti\u011fin temelleri \u00fczerine bir mant\u0131k sistemi geli\u015ftiren Frege bekledi\u011fi ilgiyi g\u00f6remez. Aritmeti\u011fin Temelleri\u2019nin ilk cildinin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan 9 y\u0131l sonra ikinci cildini tamamlar, bask\u0131ya g\u00f6nderir. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra Bertrand Russell\u2019dan bir mektup al\u0131r. Russell, mektubunda Aritmeti\u011fin Temelleri\u2019ni okudu\u011funu, \u00e7ok be\u011fendi\u011fini ve \u00e7ok yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6vg\u00fc dolu c\u00fcmlelerle anlatarak ikinci cildin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sab\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131kla bekledi\u011fini belirtir. Sonras\u0131nda da ke\u015ffetti\u011fi bir paradokstan (Russell paradoksu) s\u00f6z eder. Frege bu paradoksun \u00f6nemini hemen kavray\u0131p\u00fczerinde 9 y\u0131l boyunca \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n temellerinin sars\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlar. Hayat\u0131n\u0131 adad\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u0131llarca \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuram\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flam olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Kitab\u0131n bask\u0131 plakalar\u0131 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, temel de\u011fi\u015fikler yapabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok ge\u00e7tir. Sadece bir sons\u00f6z yazmakla yetinmek zorunda kal\u0131r. (1)<\/p>\n Frege, bir hafta sonra m\u00fcthi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve h\u00fcsran duygusuyla Russell\u2019\u0131n mektubunu yan\u0131tlar:<\/p>\n \u201cSevgili meslekta\u015f,<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130lgin\u00e7 mektubunuz i\u00e7in \u00e7ok te\u015fekk\u00fcrler. Benimle \u00e7o\u011fu konuda ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede olman\u0131za ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla tart\u0131\u015fmak istedi\u011finize sevindim. […]<\/p>\n \u201cBuldu\u011funuz \u00e7eli\u015fki beni \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fratt\u0131, belki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcye demek daha do\u011fru olur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc aritmetik kuram\u0131n\u0131 dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m temeli sarst\u0131. [\u2026] Durum \u00f6ylesine ciddi ki, 5. kural\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, salt \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm temeli sarsmakla kalm\u0131yor, galiba ayn\u0131 zamanda aritmeti\u011fin sa\u011flam bir temele dayand\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. [\u2026] Her durumda bulu\u015funuz \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli \u2013 \u015fimdilik bir m\u00fcjde niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131masa da \u2013 ileride mant\u0131kta b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerlemelere neden olabilir.<\/p>\n [\u2026] \u0130kinci cilt yak\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanacak. Kitab\u0131n sonuna buldu\u011funuz \u00e7eli\u015fkiden s\u00f6z eden bir ek yazaca\u011f\u0131m elbet. Ke\u015fke do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na zaman\u0131nda sahip olsayd\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n Frege, kitab\u0131n s\u00f6n s\u00f6z\u00fcnde \u015fu c\u00fcmlelere yer verir: \u201cBir bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelebilecek en talihsiz \u015fey, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bittikten sonra, kurdu\u011fu yap\u0131n\u0131n temellerinin sars\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kitab\u0131m\u0131n ikinci cildinin tamamlanmas\u0131na yak\u0131n, Say\u0131n Bertrand Russell\u2019dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m mektupla, ben bu duruma d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm.\u201d<\/p>\n Frege\u2019nin tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tav\u0131r, sonras\u0131nda Russell\u2019\u0131 derinden etkiler. Bu \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 hik\u00e2yeyi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in de son derece dikkat \u00e7ekici olan, Russell\u2019\u0131n 1962\u2019de bu olayla ilgili kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mektuptan al\u0131nt\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f c\u00fcmlelerle sonland\u0131ral\u0131m: \u201cEntelekt\u00fcel d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ve do\u011fru s\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck, \u00f6rneklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck\u00e7e \u015funu anl\u0131yorum ki, Frege\u2019nin kendini hakikate adanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rabilecek bildi\u011fim hi\u00e7bir \u00f6rnek yok. […] Temel varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n hatal\u0131 oldu\u011funu fark etmesi \u00fczerine ki\u015fisel hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 duygular\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 kimselere g\u00f6stermeden entelekt\u00fcel bir zevkle buna yan\u0131t verdi. Bu neredeyse insan\u00fcst\u00fc bir davran\u0131\u015f \u00f6rne\u011fi ve e\u011fer insanlar egemenlik kurma ve tan\u0131nma yolunda s\u0131\u011f \u00e7abalar harcamak yerine kendilerini yarat\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131tlara ve bilgiye adarlarsa, insan\u0131n nelere kadir olabilece\u011finin dokunakl\u0131 bir g\u00f6stergesiydi.\u201d (2)<\/p>\n Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n 1) Nesin, A, Matematik ve Korku, <\/em>Nesin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2008.<\/p>\n 2) Gottlob, F, Aritmeti\u011fin Temelleri, <\/em>Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2008.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Bu say\u0131daki yaz\u0131da matematiksel bir oyunun analizini yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131m, ama olmad\u0131. Bir hafta boyunca u\u011fra\u015farak kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m metin son kontrolde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm bir hata y\u00fcz\u00fcnden tamamen ge\u00e7ersiz kald\u0131. Oyunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesini yeniden yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, yaz\u0131y\u0131 dergiye g\u00f6nderme s\u00fcresini a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, panikledim, ba\u015faramad\u0131m. O an, m\u00fcthi\u015f bir i\u00e7 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yla i\u00e7imden \u201ch\u00fcsran\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc say\u0131klarken 1902\u2019de Frege\u2019nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilgin\u00e7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":375,"featured_media":22008,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[171,25,514],"tags":[2667,2037,2668,208],"class_list":["post-22007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-134-sayi","category-matematik","category-matematik-sohbetleri","tag-aritmetigin-temelleri","tag-bertrand-russell","tag-frege","tag-matematik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t