{"id":22095,"date":"2018-03-20T13:02:10","date_gmt":"2018-03-20T10:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=22095"},"modified":"2023-08-18T09:10:01","modified_gmt":"2023-08-18T06:10:01","slug":"gozun-yapisi-evrimle-aciklanamaz-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/03\/20\/gozun-yapisi-evrimle-aciklanamaz-mi","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6z\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 evrimle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz m\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iddias\u0131: <\/strong>G\u00f6z\u00fcn indirgenemez karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktaki yap\u0131s\u0131 evrimle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bilimin yan\u0131t\u0131: G\u00f6z\u00fcn evrimle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilen yap\u0131s\u0131, indirgenemez karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131kta de\u011fildir(1)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cBaz\u0131 biyolojik yap\u0131lar\u0131n indirgenemez komplekslilikteki (karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktaki) yap\u0131s\u0131 evrimle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. \u00d6rne\u011fin insan g\u00f6z\u00fc daha basite indirgenemez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm detaylarla birlikte var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece i\u015flev g\u00f6rmez. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00f6z, k\u00f6r tesad\u00fcflerle ilerleyen evrimin de\u011fil, \u00fcst\u00fcn ak\u0131l sahibi Yaradan\u2019\u0131n eseridir, ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kulak da \u00f6yle.\u201d<\/p>\n

(Harun Yahya, Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f Atlas\u0131 1, s.611; Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f Atlas\u0131 2, s.36, s.602, s.744-746)<\/em><\/p>\n

Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ve onlar\u0131n yeni versiyonlar\u0131 olan Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n bug\u00fcn asl\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00f6ylemleri bu temel teze dayan\u0131yor. Bu teze g\u00f6re, canl\u0131lar, \u00f6zellikle de insan, ak\u0131l almaz bir m\u00fckemmellik ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir karma\u015f\u0131k-kompleks yap\u0131 sergiler. H\u00fccreden DNA\u2019ya, savunma sisteminden beyne, atomun yap\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlere ve kulaklara, do\u011fadaki her yap\u0131da, her yerde ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir ahenk, m\u00fckemmel bir i\u015fleyi\u015f ve geli\u015fkin bir d\u00fczen vard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesine karma\u015f\u0131k ama geli\u015fkin bir yap\u0131 mutasyonlarla, evrimsel de\u011fi\u015fiklerle olu\u015fturulamaz; ancak do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc ilahi bir g\u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Tasar\u0131mc\u0131lara g\u00f6re de \u00fcst\u00fcn bir zek\u00e2 taraf\u0131ndan tasar\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu temel noktay\u0131 somutlayan ana tezleri de Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Tasar\u0131mc\u0131 teorisyenlerden ABD\u2019li biyokimyac\u0131 Michael Behe taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lan ve ad\u0131na \u201cindirgenemez m\u00fckemmellik\u201d ya da \u201cindirgenemez karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k\u201d denilen tezdir. Asl\u0131nda bu tez Michael Behe taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil, 250 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 1750\u2019de, Barbados\u2019taki St. Lucy Papaz\u0131 Griffith Hughes taraf\u0131ndan, Barbados\u2019un Do\u011fal Tarihi <\/em>adl\u0131 kitapta ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Behe\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sadece, bu eski tezi al\u0131p biraz s\u00fcsledikten sonra yeni isim vererek piyasaya s\u00fcrmek oldu. Bu teze g\u00f6re, canl\u0131lardaki m\u00fckemmel d\u00fczen tam da olmas\u0131 gereken bi\u00e7im ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcdedir; ne bir fazla, ne de bir eksiktir. Bu yap\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 dahi eksik ya da bozuk olsa, s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fckemmel yap\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz.<\/p>\n

Canl\u0131 do\u011fas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de insan biyolojik yap\u0131s\u0131 ve s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, elbette ki geli\u015fkin ve yetkindir. Bu yap\u0131 ve s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde do\u011fadaki say\u0131s\u0131z etken ve ko\u015ful i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ip birbirini etkiledi\u011finden, bir yerde ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc denilebilecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde karma\u015f\u0131k ve komplekstir. Ama m\u00fckemmel midir? De\u011fildir. Sadece olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi bi\u00e7imdedir. Geli\u015fkin de olsa bir yap\u0131 ve s\u00fcrecin i\u015fleyebilmesi i\u00e7in, m\u00fckemmel olmas\u0131 gerekmez. \u00c7ok uza\u011fa de\u011fil, insana bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bunu rahatl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. M\u00fckemmel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bunca insan de\u011fi\u015fik hastal\u0131klardan \u00f6l\u00fcyor; bunca insan ve yak\u0131n\u0131 kanserden ve bir s\u00fcr\u00fc kal\u0131tsal hastal\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ac\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor. Bu y\u00fczden, m\u00fckemmel denilen DNA\u2019da her g\u00fcn binlerce ar\u0131za, kodlama hatas\u0131 olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n

S\u0131k ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6rne\u011finden yola \u00e7\u0131kal\u0131m, g\u00f6zler m\u00fckemmel de\u011fildir. M\u00fckemmel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bunca insan g\u00f6zl\u00fckle dola\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130nsan g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn asl\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok kusuru vard\u0131r. G\u00f6zdeki fotoresept\u00f6rler retinada ba\u015f a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 durmaktad\u0131r: Fotoresept\u00f6rler lense, lense ait kan damarlar\u0131na ve bipolar h\u00fccrelerine (resept\u00f6rlere ba\u011flanarak bilgiyi beyne ileten n\u00f6ronlara) do\u011fru y\u00f6nelmemi\u015flerdir; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla resept\u00f6rler ve lens aras\u0131nda kal\u0131rlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla insan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, buna n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n g\u00f6zden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deli\u011fin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rme alan\u0131ndaki k\u00f6r nokta da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, eksikliklere yol a\u00e7arlar. Ahtapot g\u00f6z\u00fc, bu problemlerin hi\u00e7birine sahip de\u011fildir. Yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015feyin insan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir Yaradan\u2019\u0131n, insan g\u00f6z\u00fcnde ciddi bir m\u00fchendislik hatas\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na, ahtapot g\u00f6z\u00fcnde ise yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanabilir miyiz? Ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, \u00f6rne\u011fin insanlar, \u00e7i\u00e7eklerde yaln\u0131zca tek bir \u00e7e\u015fit beyaz g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Oysa ar\u0131lar, ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinden bizden daha ba\u015fka beyazlar da g\u00f6r\u00fcrler (Haluk Ertan, \u201cbakteri kam\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n indirgenemez karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d iddias\u0131na verdi\u011fi yan\u0131tta, insan g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn kimi kusurlu durumlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen i\u015flevini yerine getirebildi\u011fini bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor).<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer canl\u0131lardaki g\u00f6z yap\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u015flevindeki \u00e7e\u015fitlenmeye \u015f\u00f6yle bir bakal\u0131m. \u00d6rne\u011fin kedi ve k\u00f6pekler, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 siyah ve beyaz olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr, ama gene de g\u00f6zleri i\u015fini gayet iyi yapar. Farelerin g\u00f6zleri, bedenlerinin boyutu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda insanlar\u0131nkinden b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00d6r\u00fcmce\u011fin g\u00f6z\u00fcyse, fareyle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hem \u00e7ok basit, hem de \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kal\u0131r. \u00d6r\u00fcmce\u011fin g\u00f6z\u00fc fare kadar ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6remez ama d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n\u0131n uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 farenin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden 30 kat daha iyi tan\u0131mlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onun bu uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaplayarak nesneyi tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Karanl\u0131k ma\u011fara ve yeralt\u0131ndaki dehlizlerde ya\u015fayan bir\u00e7ok hayvan\u0131n g\u00f6zleri g\u00f6rmez. K\u00f6relmi\u015flerdir, ama yine de gerekti\u011fi kadar\u0131yla i\u015flerini yaparlar. B\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelir. Tekh\u00fccrelilerde g\u00f6z yap\u0131s\u0131 yoktur, ama onlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nlendirecek, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 haber verecek sistemler geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kulaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n durumu da b\u00f6yledir. Bir\u00e7ok hayvan\u0131n duydu\u011fu sesleri bizler duyamay\u0131z. Ama bizden \u00e7ok daha m\u00fckemmel kulak yap\u0131lar\u0131na sahip olan hayvanlar da ya\u015far, bizler de. O kadar da m\u00fckemmel g\u00f6z ve kulaklara sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n fark\u0131nda bile de\u011filizdir. \u00c7ok daha ba\u015fka renkleri g\u00f6remesek de, d\u00fcnya ne kadar renkli ve g\u00fczel diye mutlu oluruz. K\u0131sacas\u0131, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u201cindirgenemez karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k\u201d tezinin aksine, bizde ve bir\u00e7ok hayvandaki organlar o kadar m\u00fckemmel olmasalar da, yine de \u00f6nemli bir sorun \u00e7\u0131karmadan i\u015flevlerini yerine getirir. Evrim, en m\u00fckemmelini de\u011fil, elindeki malzemeye g\u00f6re ancak yapabilece\u011finin en iyisini yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil. Bu da o canl\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesine yetmi\u015ftir. Yetmedi\u011fi yerde, zorunlu olarak evrim devreye girip ya daha geli\u015fkin bir yap\u0131y\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f ya da o t\u00fcr\u00fc yok etmi\u015ftir. Canl\u0131larda \u201cindirgenemez\u201d bir \u201cm\u00fckemmel yap\u0131\u201d de\u011fil, aksine indirgenebilir ve o kadar da m\u00fckemmel olmayan bir d\u00fczen ve i\u015fleyi\u015f vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kullan\u0131\u015fs\u0131z ve verimsiz yap\u0131lar da, do\u011fal d\u00fcnyada \u00e7ok\u00e7a bulunmaktad\u0131r; \u00f6rne\u011fin u\u00e7amayan ku\u015flar\u0131n i\u00e7i bo\u015f kemikleri, pandan\u0131n hantal ve sakar \u201cba\u015fparma\u011f\u0131\u201d, pitonlar\u0131n ve balinalar\u0131n k\u00f6relmi\u015f pelvisleri. E\u011fer bu yap\u0131lar, evrim sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131ysa, bunlar ancak sakar veya herkesi evrimin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fine inand\u0131rmak isteyen bir yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n eseri olabilir.<\/p>\n

Kaynak<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Dr. Kenan Ate\u015f\u2019in \u201cYarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iddialar\u0131na k\u0131sa yan\u0131tlar\u201d (Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em>, S.32) ve Mark Vuletic\u2019in \u201cYarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 safsatalara yan\u0131tlar – 1\u201d (Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em>, S.7; \u00c7ev. Can S\u00f6zer, \u00c7ev. Redaksiyonu: Feryal Halat\u00e7\u0131) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iddias\u0131: G\u00f6z\u00fcn indirgenemez karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktaki yap\u0131s\u0131 evrimle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz Bilimin yan\u0131t\u0131: G\u00f6z\u00fcn evrimle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilen yap\u0131s\u0131, indirgenemez karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131kta de\u011fildir(1) \u201cBaz\u0131 biyolojik yap\u0131lar\u0131n indirgenemez komplekslilikteki (karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktaki) yap\u0131s\u0131 evrimle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. \u00d6rne\u011fin insan g\u00f6z\u00fc daha basite indirgenemez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm detaylarla birlikte var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece i\u015flev g\u00f6rmez. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00f6z, k\u00f6r tesad\u00fcflerle ilerleyen evrimin de\u011fil, \u00fcst\u00fcn ak\u0131l sahibi Yaradan\u2019\u0131n eseridir, ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":22096,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,32],"tags":[200,1986,2688,2526,2689],"class_list":["post-22095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biyoloji","category-evrim","tag-evrim","tag-goz","tag-gozun-evrimi","tag-indirgenemez-kompleksite","tag-yaratilisci-tezler"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t