{"id":22105,"date":"2018-03-21T00:05:53","date_gmt":"2018-03-20T21:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=22105"},"modified":"2018-03-20T22:52:28","modified_gmt":"2018-03-20T19:52:28","slug":"devasa-soyagaci-cevrenin-insan-omru-uzerindeki-etkilerini-ortaya-koydu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/03\/21\/devasa-soyagaci-cevrenin-insan-omru-uzerindeki-etkilerini-ortaya-koydu","title":{"rendered":"Devasa soya\u011fac\u0131, \u00e7evrenin insan \u00f6mr\u00fc \u00fczerindeki etkilerini ortaya koydu"},"content":{"rendered":"

13 milyon ki\u015fiyi birbirine ba\u011flayan analiz, geneti\u011fin, insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi aras\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131n sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu.<\/p>\n

Annenizin do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc bu y\u0131l unuttunuz mu? S\u0131k\u0131 durun: Aile a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131z art\u0131k 13 milyon insan\u0131n do\u011fum g\u00fcnlerini i\u00e7erebilir.<\/p>\n

New York\u2019taki Columbia \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden hesaplamal\u0131 biyolog Yaniv Erlich ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131, 13 milyon insan\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan bir aile a\u011fac\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kitle kaynakl\u0131 verileri kulland\u0131lar. Science<\/em>\u2019de anlat\u0131lan, ortalama 11 nesil i\u00e7eren atalar \u00e7izelgesinin, benzerlerine g\u00f6re, en b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f kaynak oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Erlich\u2019in ekibi, bu aile a\u011fac\u0131ndaki insanlar\u0131n do\u011fum ve \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihlerini incelediler ve bireylerin yak\u0131n ili\u015fkide olmalar\u0131 halinde benzer ya\u015flarda \u00f6lme ihtimallerinin daha y\u00fcksek olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplad\u0131lar. Grup, kal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n bu bireyler i\u00e7in ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fclerindeki fark\u0131n sadece y\u00fczde 16\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, insanlar\u0131n nerede ve nas\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rlere indirgenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Baltimore\u2019daki Maryland \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nden genetik epidemiyolog Braxton Mitchell, \u201cBu ger\u00e7ek bir g\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6sterisi. \u0130lgin\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapmak i\u00e7in kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k, geni\u015f veri k\u00fcmelerini kullanman\u0131n m\u00fckemmel bir \u00f6rne\u011fi\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

Uzun ve iyi ya\u015fa<\/strong><\/p>\n

Biliminsanlar\u0131, \u00e7evrenin, insanlar\u0131n ne kadar ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131na dair genlerden daha fazla etkiye sahip oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcphe ediyorlard\u0131. Ancak Erlich, genlerin ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden de daha az rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ediyor.<\/p>\n

Mitchell\u2019in grubunun 2001\u2019de yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, genlerin insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam s\u00fcrelerindeki de\u011fi\u015fimin d\u00f6rtte birini belirledi\u011fini tahmin ediyor.<\/p>\n

Salt Lake City\u2019deki Utah T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nden genetik\u00e7i Lisa Cannon-Albright, Erlich\u2019in bulgusunun, son derece geni\u015f aile a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ya da soybilimcilerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. \u201cBu t\u00fcr kaynaklar gelecekteki genetik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olacak\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

Erlich, \u201ciyi\u201d genlerin, bir insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ortalama be\u015f y\u0131l uzatabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Baz\u0131 \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rler, uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fck \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etki yap\u0131yor: \u00d6rne\u011fin, sigara i\u00e7mek \u00f6m\u00fcrden on y\u0131l eksiltebilir.<\/p>\n

Genetik\u00e7iler, geneti\u011fin hastal\u0131k riski gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fi nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini incelemek i\u00e7in uzun zamand\u0131r aile a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yorlar. Ancak, \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan i\u00e7eren aile kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131 toplamak maliyetli ve zor olabilir. Erlich\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, art\u0131k dijital kay\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck aile a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131na yerle\u015ftiren pek \u00e7ok \u015feyden biri; bu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 kanser ve Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi hastal\u0131klarla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 genleri tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Bu 6000 ki\u015filik aile a\u011fac\u0131, diyagram teorisi kullan\u0131larak temizlendi ve d\u00fczenlendi. Yedi ku\u015faktan olu\u015fan bireyler ye\u015fil renkte, evlilikler k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131yla g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.\u00a9 Columbia \u00dcniversitesi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Veri bankas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Erlich\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i bir aile k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc arac\u0131 olan Geni.com\u2019dan veri kulland\u0131. Geni\u2019nin ana \u015firketi, My Heritage\u2019\u0131n \u0130srail Yehuda\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck bilimsel sorumlusudur.<\/p>\n

Analiz, kay\u0131tlar\u0131 Geni kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcklenen yakla\u015f\u0131k 86 milyon insan hakk\u0131nda veri toplad\u0131. Bu, en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fc\u015fteri genetik test veritaban\u0131nda yer alandan daha fazla kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

San Francisco Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden hesaplamal\u0131 genetik\u00e7i Atul Butte, \u201cKat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca\u201d diyor. \u201cBunun gibi veri k\u00fcmelerini yaln\u0131zca kitle kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131yla alabilirsiniz. Ger\u00e7ekten etkileyici. \u201d<\/p>\n

Erlich\u2019in ekibi verileri Geni\u2019de listelenen ki\u015filerin g\u00f6\u00e7 ve evlilik kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1750\u2019den \u00f6nce ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, veritaban\u0131ndaki Amerikal\u0131 ve Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun do\u011fum yerlerinden en fazla 10 kilometre uzakta ya\u015fayan biriyle evlendi\u011fini tespit etti. 1950 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, \u00e7o\u011fu Amerikal\u0131 ve Avrupal\u0131 \u200b\u200bbir e\u015f bulmak i\u00e7in kendi \u015fehirlerinden en az 100 kilometre yol kat etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, aileniz muhtemelen bir aile olabilmek i\u00e7in atalar\u0131ndan daha uza\u011fa g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler. Yapabilece\u011finiz minimum \u015fey onlar\u0131n do\u011fum g\u00fcnlerini hat\u0131rlamak.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

13 milyon ki\u015fiyi birbirine ba\u011flayan analiz, geneti\u011fin, insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi aras\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131n sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu. Annenizin do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc bu y\u0131l unuttunuz mu? S\u0131k\u0131 durun: Aile a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131z art\u0131k 13 milyon insan\u0131n do\u011fum g\u00fcnlerini i\u00e7erebilir. New York\u2019taki Columbia \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden hesaplamal\u0131 biyolog Yaniv Erlich ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131, 13 milyon insan\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan bir aile a\u011fac\u0131 olu\u015fturmak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":871,"featured_media":22106,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,21,231],"tags":[198,292,2691,2690],"class_list":["post-22105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-biyoloji","category-molekuler-biyoloji-ve-genetik","tag-cevre","tag-genetik","tag-insan-omru","tag-soy-agaci"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t