{"id":22286,"date":"2018-03-27T00:07:29","date_gmt":"2018-03-26T21:07:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=22286"},"modified":"2018-03-26T22:12:54","modified_gmt":"2018-03-26T19:12:54","slug":"aerodinamik-icin-kopekbaligi-pullarindan-ilham-aliniyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/03\/27\/aerodinamik-icin-kopekbaligi-pullarindan-ilham-aliniyor","title":{"rendered":"Aerodinamik i\u00e7in k\u00f6pekbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 pullar\u0131ndan ilham al\u0131n\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, daha aerodinamik makineler i\u00e7in al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir yerden ilham al\u0131yorlar: okyanustan. Harvard \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde evrimsel biyologlardan ve m\u00fchendislerden olu\u015fan bir ekip, G\u00fcney Karolina \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131yla, k\u00f6pekbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 derisi hakk\u0131nda on y\u0131llard\u0131r devam eden bir gizemi ayd\u0131nlat\u0131rken, bir yandan da do\u011fadan ilham alarak u\u00e7aklar\u0131n, r\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbinlerinin, insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ve arabalar\u0131n aerodinamik performans\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirebilecek yeni bir yap\u0131 ortaya koyuyorlar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Journal of the Royal Society Interface\u2019de yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u00f6pekbal\u0131klar\u0131 ve u\u00e7aklar, esasen birbirlerinden o kadar da farkl\u0131 de\u011fil. Her ikisi de, g\u00f6vdelerinin \u015feklini kullanarak ta\u015f\u0131ma kuvveti yarat\u0131p s\u00fcr\u00fcklenme kuvvetini azaltarak, ak\u0131\u015fkanlar (su ve hava) i\u00e7inde daha verimli hareket edecek \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aralar\u0131ndaki tek fark, k\u00f6pekbal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m s\u00fcrecinin 400 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Henry Bryant Bigelow\u2019da Organizma ve Evrimsel Biyoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc profes\u00f6r\u00fc, ihtiyolog (bal\u0131kbilimcisi) ve ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n e\u015fyazar\u0131 George Lauder, \u201cK\u00f6pekbal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n derisi, \u015fekilleri ve boyutlar\u0131 v\u00fccudun farkl\u0131 yerlerinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6steren binlerce ufak pul ve dentik\u00fclle (deridi\u015f\u00e7ikleriyle) kapl\u0131d\u0131r,\u201d diye belirtiyor ve ekliyor, \u201c\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda insan di\u015fini and\u0131ran deridi\u015f\u00e7iklerinin yap\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a fazla bilgiye sahibiz, ancak i\u015flevleri hakk\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmalar h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam ediyor.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu ara\u015ft\u0131rma deridi\u015f\u00e7iklerinin s\u00fcr\u00fckleme kuvvetini azaltan \u00f6zellikleri \u00fczerinde duruyor ancak Lauder ve ekibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnenden fazlas\u0131 olabilir mi diye sorguluyor.<\/p>\n

Harvard\u2019da post doktora \u00f6\u011frencisi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n birinci e\u015fyazar\u0131 Mehdi Saadat, \u201cPeki ya bu kendine has \u015fekillerdeki deridi\u015f\u00e7ikleri s\u00fcr\u00fcklenme kuvvetini azaltmada de\u011fil de, ta\u015f\u0131ma kuvvetini artt\u0131rmakta daha iyiyse diye sorduk\u201d diyor. Saadat ayn\u0131 zamanda G\u00fcney Karolina \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde makine m\u00fchendisli\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ders veriyor.<\/p>\n

Bu hipotezin test edilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak ad\u0131na ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, Harvard John A. Paulson M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi ve Uygulamal\u0131 Bilimlerden (SEAS) bir m\u00fchendis ekibiyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131lar. \u0130lham almak i\u00e7in de, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en h\u0131zl\u0131 k\u00f6pekbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan sivriburun camg\u00f6zle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Camg\u00f6z\u00fcn deridi\u015f\u00e7iklerinin, t\u0131pk\u0131 Poseidon\u2019un \u00fc\u00e7 u\u00e7lu m\u0131zra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131racak \u015fekilde \u00fc\u00e7 tane \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 bulunuyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, mikro-CT tarama y\u00f6ntemini kullanarak bu deridi\u015f\u00e7iklerini \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu \u015fekilde \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcledi, ard\u0131ndan da modelledi. Sonras\u0131nda bu \u015fekilleri \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu yaz\u0131c\u0131yla, kanat profili olarak da bilinen kavisli aerodinamik kanat kesitinin y\u00fczeyine bast\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u201cKanat profilleri, t\u00fcm hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ana par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biri\u201d diyor Harvard\u2019da doktora \u00f6\u011frencisi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n birinci e\u015fyazar\u0131 olan August Domel. \u201cBu yap\u0131lar\u0131 kanat profillerinde test ederek ta\u015f\u0131ma ve s\u00fcr\u00fckleme kuvvetleri \u00fczerindeki etkilerini \u00f6l\u00e7meyi hedefledik. B\u00f6ylece insans\u0131z hava arac\u0131, u\u00e7ak ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbini benzeri hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131nda bu uygulamalara yer verilebilir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Deridi\u015f\u00e7ik boyutu, s\u0131ras\u0131 ve bu s\u0131ralar\u0131n su ak\u0131\u015f tank\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunan kanat profilleri \u00fczerindeki konumlar\u0131n\u0131n 20 farkl\u0131 kombinasyonunu deneyen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, s\u00fcr\u00fckleme kuvvetini azaltman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, deridi\u015f\u00e7i\u011fe benzer bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve ola\u011fandan daha ince girdap \u00fcrete\u00e7leri gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak ta\u015f\u0131ma kuvvetini artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydular.<\/p>\n

Girdap \u00fcretecinin ne oldu\u011funu bilmeseniz dahi, mutlaka bir tane g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcn\u00fczd\u00fcr. Hareket eden bir arac\u0131n y\u00fczeyindeki hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek aerodinamik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmaya yarayan bu ufak ve hareketsiz par\u00e7alardan arabalarda ve u\u00e7aklarda da bulunuyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7o\u011fu girdap \u00fcretecinin basit ve b\u0131\u00e7ak a\u011fz\u0131na benzer bir tasar\u0131m\u0131 var.<\/p>\n

\u201cK\u00f6pekbal\u0131klar\u0131ndan ilhamla tasarlanan girdap \u00fcrete\u00e7leri, ta\u015f\u0131ma-s\u00fcr\u00fckleme oran\u0131nda ayn\u0131 \u00fcrete\u00e7lerden bulunmayan kanat profillerine k\u0131yasla y\u00fczde 323\u2019l\u00fck bir geli\u015fme kaydetti\u201d diye ekliyor Domel. \u201cKan\u0131t niteli\u011findeki bu tasar\u0131mla, do\u011fadan ilham alan girdap \u00fcrete\u00e7lerinin di\u011fer geleneksel tasar\u0131mlara \u00fcst\u00fcn gelebilecek potansiyeli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdik.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cBu girdap \u00fcrete\u00e7lerinin, kanatlardaki verimlili\u011fi artt\u0131rmak \u00fczere r\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbinlerinde ve insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hayal etmek \u00e7ok da g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fil,\u201d diyor William and Ami Kuan Danoff\u2019ta M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi ve Uygulamal\u0131 Bilimlerde (SEAS) Uygulamal\u0131 Mekanik profes\u00f6r\u00fc Katia Bertoldi, \u201cSonu\u00e7lar, do\u011fadan ilham alan geli\u015fmi\u015f aerodinamik tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n

Lauder ayr\u0131ca \u015funlar\u0131 ekliyor, \u201cBu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla birlikte yaln\u0131zca \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir girdap \u00fcreteci tasar\u0131m\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131da ve muhtemelen birden fazla i\u015fleve sahip k\u00f6pekbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 deridi\u015f\u00e7iklerinin (dentik\u00fcl) i\u00e7y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc anlamaya da bir ad\u0131m daha yakla\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, daha aerodinamik makineler i\u00e7in al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir yerden ilham al\u0131yorlar: okyanustan. Harvard \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde evrimsel biyologlardan ve m\u00fchendislerden olu\u015fan bir ekip, G\u00fcney Karolina \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131yla, k\u00f6pekbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 derisi hakk\u0131nda on y\u0131llard\u0131r devam eden bir gizemi ayd\u0131nlat\u0131rken, bir yandan da do\u011fadan ilham alarak u\u00e7aklar\u0131n, r\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbinlerinin, insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ve arabalar\u0131n aerodinamik performans\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirebilecek yeni […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":928,"featured_media":22287,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2434,19,21,32],"tags":[2705,197,718,2706],"class_list":["post-22286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-169-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-biyoloji","category-evrim","tag-aerodinamik","tag-biyoloji","tag-evrimsel-biyoloji","tag-kopekbaliklari"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22286","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/928"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22286"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22286\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}