Her alandaki gibi tar\u0131mda da var olan ko\u015fullar\u0131 derinlemesine incelemek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u00dclkenin toprak yap\u0131s\u0131, bitki-\u00fcr\u00fcn niteli\u011fi, iklimi, \u0131rmak boylar\u0131, deniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ve benzeri konularda alan ger\u00e7eklerinin belirlenmesi, gelece\u011fe ili\u015fkin tasar\u0131lar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini de kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; karar organlar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rebilir, bilginin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanabilir. Ba\u015far\u0131, tarihsel bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 da gerektiren tar\u0131m siyasas\u0131 ana hatlar\u0131n\u0131n uzun erimde de\u011fi\u015fmemesine de ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Yurt topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, tar\u0131msal olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131, uzun erimli kamusal yarar\u0131n sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ntem ve uygulama yollar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Zira\u00ee B\u00fcnyesi (Anadolu)\u201d adl\u0131 kitap T\u00fcrk tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesini sunan ilk kaynaklardand\u0131r (\u00c7eviri: Celal K\u0131p\u00e7ak, Haydar Nouruzhan-S\u00e2bir T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye \u015eeker Fabrikalar\u0131 A.\u015e. Ne\u015friyat\u0131 No: 20, 1951). \u201cAnadolu\u201d alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131yan s\u00f6z konusu kitab\u0131n ilgin\u00e7 bir olu\u015fum s\u00fcreci var. Cumhuriyet y\u00f6netiminin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen Sovyet Bilim Adam\u0131 P. Zhukovsky, 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda, birlikte oldu\u011fu di\u011fer bilimcilerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. T\u00fcrkiye tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, deyim yerindeyse, kar\u0131\u015f kar\u0131\u015f incelerler. (Bu t\u00fcr \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n tasar\u0131 ve haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n her zaman daha \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6zden uzak tutmamak gerekir.)<\/p>\n
\u201cZiraat Vekili Mehmet Sabri Bey\u2019in Sovyetler Birli\u011fi gezisinin bu \u00fclkeyle tar\u0131m konusundaki bilimsel bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finin de ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Nitekim 1925-1928 tarihleri aras\u0131nda ziraat bilimci Sovyet Profes\u00f6r Jukovskiy, T\u00fcrk tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bitki t\u00fcrleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan incelemi\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi dola\u015farak, buralardan zira\u00ee numuneler alm\u0131\u015f, bu numuneleri \u00fclkesine g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek daha sonra g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Leningrad Ziraat Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 laboratuvarda bir T\u00fcrk ziraat pavyonu a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta elindeki bu bilgilere dayanarak T\u00fcrk tar\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili Rus\u00e7a \u00fc\u00e7 eser yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu eserlerden birisi \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Zirai B\u00fcnyesi\u201d ad\u0131 ile 1951 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, Seyfi, \u201cOsmanl\u0131\u2019dan Cumhuriyete Bir B\u00fcrokrat ve Siyaset\u00e7i: Mehmet Sabri Toprak (1878\u20131938)\u201d, http:\/\/www.atam.gov.tr\/dergi\/sayi-71).<\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Zira\u00ee B\u00fcnyesi\u201dnin ana ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: Anadolu\u2019nun oro-jeolojik ve Hidrografik \u015eemas\u0131, Anadolu\u2019nun Hidrografyas\u0131, Anadolu\u2019nun \u0130klim Sahalar\u0131, Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Bitki Formasyonlar\u0131, Co\u011frafi ve Zirai Manzaralar, Ziraat\u0131n Ana Hatlar\u0131, Ekim Sahalar\u0131n\u0131n Taksimi, Ekilen Bitkiler, Hububat, Anadolu Bu\u011fdaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6kolojik Tipleri ve Ekonomik K\u0131ymeti, Anadolu K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bu\u011fdaylar\u0131n\u0131n Botanik Terkibi, Arpa, Avrupa \u00c7e\u015fit Terkibiyle M\u00fcnasebeti, Anadolu Arpalar\u0131 Arpa Tenevv\u00fc\u00fcn\u00fcn Co\u011frafi Merkezleri Sistemindeki Durum, \u00c7avdar, Anadolu\u2019nun K\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00c7avdar\u0131, Yulaf, Anadolu Yulaflar\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r, T\u00fcrkiye M\u0131s\u0131rlar\u0131, \u00e7eltik, yemeklik ve Yemlik Bakliye Bitkileri, Nohut, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Nohutu, Mercimek (Mercimek ve Bur\u00e7ak), Bakla, Anadolu Baklalar\u0131, Fasulya, Bezelye, Anadolu Bezelyesi, Anadolu K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tipi, B\u00f6r\u00fclce-Vigna, Ac\u0131bakla-Lupin, Anadolu M\u00fcrd\u00fcm\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye Yoncas\u0131, \u00c7emen, Esparjet, T\u0131rf\u0131l, Ta\u015f Yoncas\u0131, Sar\u0131 Yonca, Ya\u011fl\u0131 Bitkiler, Susam, Anadolu Susamlar\u0131, Ya\u011f keteni, Anadolu keteni, Ha\u015fha\u015f, Hardal, Kara Frans\u0131z Hardal\u0131, Karpet Hardal\u0131, Rokka (Izg\u0131n), Pelemir, Hint Ya\u011f\u0131 Bitkisi (Ricinus), Yalanc\u0131 Safran, G\u00fcnd\u00f6nd\u00fc, Pamuk, Kenevir, Eterik Ya\u011f Bitkileri, Kzanl\u0131k G\u00fcl\u00fc, Anason, Anizet, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Yeni Anason Cinsi-Anizet, Ki\u015fni\u015f Turun\u00e7giller ve Ba\u015fka Yabani Yeti\u015fen Eterli Bitkiler, Pamuk, pamuk\u00e7ulu\u011fun B\u00f6lgeleri Hakk\u0131nda Genel Bilgi, T\u00fcrkiye Pamuklar\u0131, Ha\u015fha\u015f, T\u00fct\u00fcn, kenevir ve Kendir, Anadolu Keneviri, Patates, \u015eeker Pancar\u0131 ve Ba\u015fkalar\u0131, Bah\u00e7e Bitkileri, Anadolu\u2019nun Bah\u00e7e Bostan K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Sebzeler, Anadolu Pancarlar\u0131, Anadolu Havu\u00e7lar\u0131, Beyaz Havu\u00e7, Anadolu Lahanalar\u0131, Anadolu Patl\u0131canlar\u0131, Anadolu\u2019nun Islah Edilmi\u015f So\u011fanlar\u0131, Anadolu Maydanozu, Meyvac\u0131l\u0131k ve Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k, Cevizgiller K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, \u00dcz\u00fcm, Tali Sanayi \u015eubelerinde Kullan\u0131lan A\u011fa\u00e7 Soylar\u0131 ve Ot Bitkileri. (Ba\u015fl\u0131klarda d\u00f6nemin yaz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi korunmu\u015ftur.)<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7ok kapsaml\u0131d\u0131r, bilgilendiricidir. Anadolu\u2019nun tar\u0131msal niteli\u011fi ve yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6zenle, tek tek irdelenmi\u015ftir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki 1951\u2019den bu yana yeni bask\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lamayan \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Zira\u00ee B\u00fcnyesi\u201dnin, bu k\u0131sa yaz\u0131da ana ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n sunulmas\u0131ndan, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n yararlanmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131t\u0131n i\u00e7erdi\u011fi bilgilerin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara, incelemelere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin bu raporda: \u201cAfyon istihsali birka\u00e7 memleketin m\u00fcstesna servetini te\u015fkil etmektedir, bu memleketler aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye hususi bir yer tutar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc en iyi cins afyon tipi istihsal eder\u2026 Kalite bak\u0131m\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye afyonu birinci gelmektedir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc terkibinde y\u00fcksek miktarda ana afyon alkaloidi olan morfin bulunur\u201d denmekte; bir\u00e7ok ayr\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer \u00fclkelerle ilgili, d\u00f6nemin alkaloid oranlar\u0131na da yer verilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca yap\u0131t\u0131n tarihsel boyutu bulundu\u011fu da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. De\u011ferli Planlamac\u0131-D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr Ali Nejat \u00d6l\u00e7en de P. Zhukovsky\u2019nin yazana\u011f\u0131ndan, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Zira\u00ee B\u00fcnyesi\u201dnden s\u0131kl\u0131kla s\u00f6z eder, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile a\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir (\u00d6l\u00e7en, \u201cKemalizmin Ekonomisi\u201d, 1997: 121).<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir \u00fclke ancak y\u00fcksek teknolojilerle, sanayile\u015fmeyle, giderek robotbilimle geli\u015febilir; k\u00fclt\u00fcrle b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc siyasalarla kalk\u0131nabilir. S\u00f6z konusu ger\u00e7ek, tar\u0131m\u0131n da ayn\u0131 d\u00fczeyde \u00f6nemsenmesi gere\u011fini kesinlikle d\u0131\u015flamaz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Zira\u00ee B\u00fcnyesi\u201d ve benzeri yap\u0131tlar s\u00fcrekli de\u011ferlendirilmeli, \u00fczerine daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar eklenmelidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Her alandaki gibi tar\u0131mda da var olan ko\u015fullar\u0131 derinlemesine incelemek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u00dclkenin toprak yap\u0131s\u0131, bitki-\u00fcr\u00fcn niteli\u011fi, iklimi, \u0131rmak boylar\u0131, deniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ve benzeri konularda alan ger\u00e7eklerinin belirlenmesi, gelece\u011fe ili\u015fkin tasar\u0131lar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini de kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; karar organlar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rebilir, bilginin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanabilir. Ba\u015far\u0131, tarihsel bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 da gerektiren tar\u0131m siyasas\u0131 ana hatlar\u0131n\u0131n uzun erimde de\u011fi\u015fmemesine de ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":613,"featured_media":22545,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2709,217,535],"tags":[571,2742,2741],"class_list":["post-22544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-170-sayi","category-cevre-bilimleri","category-forum","tag-anadolu","tag-turkiyede-tarim","tag-ziraat"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t