{"id":22596,"date":"2018-04-02T00:12:43","date_gmt":"2018-04-01T21:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=22596"},"modified":"2018-04-02T00:12:43","modified_gmt":"2018-04-01T21:12:43","slug":"beynin-hafiza-merkezindeki-noron-olusumu-cocukluk-cagindan-sonra-duruyor-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/04\/02\/beynin-hafiza-merkezindeki-noron-olusumu-cocukluk-cagindan-sonra-duruyor-mu","title":{"rendered":"Beynin haf\u0131za merkezindeki n\u00f6ron olu\u015fumu \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan sonra duruyor mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00d6\u011frenme ve haf\u0131zada \u00f6nemli bir rol oynayan insan hipokamp\u00fcs\u00fc, her g\u00fcn y\u00fczlerce yeni sinir h\u00fccresi olu\u015fturur \u00a0ya da biliminsanlar\u0131 bu \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Yap\u0131lan yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7oktand\u0131r devam eden bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi tam tersine \u00e7evirebilir. <em>Nature<\/em>\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan, Giorgia Guglielmi\u2019nin haberine g\u00f6re, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, beynin bu b\u00f6lgesindeki yeni n\u00f6ron olu\u015fumunun, yeti\u015fkin olduktan sonra durabilece\u011fini buldu.<\/p>\n<p>Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, ekip, yeti\u015fkin bir bireyin iyi muhafaza edilmi\u015f beyin \u00f6rne\u011fini inceledi ve \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerde birka\u00e7 yeni olu\u015fmu\u015f n\u00f6rona rastlad\u0131; fakat hipokamp\u00fcs bu b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131nda de\u011fildi. Buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, fet\u00fcslerden ba\u015flayan ve 60-70 ya\u015flar\u0131nda olan insanlar aras\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6steren d\u00fczinelerce don\u00f6rden al\u0131nan hipokamp\u00fcs \u00f6rneklerini incelemeye karar verdiler. Yeni hipokampal n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fumdan sonra giderek azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yeti\u015fkinlikte s\u0131f\u0131ra yak\u0131n bir de\u011fere d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonucuna vard\u0131lar. 7 Mart\u2019ta <em>Nature\u2019<\/em>da yay\u0131mlanan sonu\u00e7lar, daha \u015fimdiden tart\u0131\u015fmalara neden oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Avusturya, Salzburg\u2019daki Paracelsus T\u0131p \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde n\u00f6robilimci olan Ludwig Aigner, do\u011fruland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, bulgular\u0131n, sadece bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fcten biliminsanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda belirli beyin hastal\u0131klar\u0131na sahip insanlar i\u00e7in de \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck darbe\u201d olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. \u201c\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, Alzheimer ve Parkinson hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tedavi edebilmek i\u00e7in beynin yeni n\u00f6ronlar olu\u015fturma yetene\u011fini kullanmay\u0131 umuyorlar\u201d diye ekliyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Koruma problemleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ancak Aigner ve di\u011fer n\u00f6robilimciler, hipokamp\u00fcs\u00fcn bir ki\u015finin hayat\u0131 boyunca n\u00f6ron \u00fcretmeye devam etti\u011fine dair \u00e7ok say\u0131da kan\u0131tla \u00e7eli\u015fen bulgularla tam olarak ikna olmad\u0131lar. Bethesda, Maryland\u2019daki ABD Ulusal Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde (the US National Institute of Mental Health) n\u00f6robilimci olan Heather Cameron, \u201cBu bulgular sonucunda, ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya son vermeyece\u011fim\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 20 y\u0131l boyunca, biliminsanlar\u0131, insan ve kemirgen hipokamp\u00fcs\u00fcndeki n\u00f6ron olu\u015fumunun ya\u015fla birlikte azalmaya e\u011filimi oldu\u011funu buldu. Ancak en ya\u015fl\u0131 bireylerde bile birka\u00e7 yeni olu\u015fan sinir h\u00fccresine rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bununla birlikte, San Francisco\u2019daki Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla liderli\u011finde ve n\u00f6robilimcilerden olu\u015fan bir ekip, \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerden dolay\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f 37 don\u00f6rden elde edilen ince hipokamp\u00fcs kesitlerini inceledi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda, yeni olu\u015fan n\u00f6ronlar\u0131 sadece fet\u00fcs ve \u00e7ocuk \u00f6rneklerinde tespit ettiler ve olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f sinir h\u00fccresine rastlad\u0131klar\u0131 en ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00f6rnek, 13 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa ait olan \u00f6rnekti. Alvarez-Buylla, \u201c18 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki don\u00f6re ait olan \u00f6rnekte, yeni olu\u015fan n\u00f6ronlara dair hi\u00e7bir \u015fey bulamad\u0131k\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak, Almanya\u2019daki Dresden Teknik \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde (the Technical University of Dresden) n\u00f6robilimci olan Gerd Kempermann, bulgular\u0131n net bir \u015fekilde kesinle\u015fmi\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda uyar\u0131yor. \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n yeni olu\u015fan n\u00f6ronlara rastlayamamas\u0131, orada olmad\u0131klar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez\u201d diye ekliyor. Alvarez-Buylla ve ekibi, don\u00f6rler \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra 48 saat i\u00e7inde toplanan ve analiz i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan \u00f6rneklerdeki olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f h\u00fccreleri etiketlemek i\u00e7in i\u015faretleyici molek\u00fcller kulland\u0131. Keppermann, bu i\u015faretleyici molek\u00fcllerin, gen\u00e7 n\u00f6ronlar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde etiketleyip etiketleyemeyece\u011finin, haz\u0131rlanan doku kalitesine \u00e7ok fazla ba\u011fl\u0131 olup; bunun da don\u00f6rden al\u0131nan doku \u00f6rneklerinin bozulmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, \u00f6l\u00fcmden ne kadar s\u00fcre sonra i\u015flemden ge\u00e7irildi\u011finden etkilendi\u011fini belirtiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Amsterdam \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde (the University of Amsterdam) n\u00f6robilimci olan Paul Lucassen, \u201cDoku \u00f6rneklerini korumak ve stabilize etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan kimyasallar, i\u015faretleyici molek\u00fcllerin hedef h\u00fccrelere ba\u011flanmas\u0131na engel olabilir\u201d diyor ve ekliyor, \u201cKullan\u0131lan i\u015faretleyici molek\u00fcllerin bu ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zor.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dikkatleri \u00e7ekmek ve yeni geli\u015fmelere yol a\u00e7mak <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Alvarez-Buylla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmesine ra\u011fmen, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda duruyor. Alvarez, \u201cG\u00f6revimizi yerine getirdik, \u00e7e\u015fitli ya\u015flardan bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rnek \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k\u201d diyor. Ekibi ayr\u0131ca, epilepsi i\u00e7in tedavi g\u00f6ren; beyinlerinin par\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve analiz i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f \u00a022 ki\u015fiden al\u0131nan hipokamp\u00fcs \u00f6rneklerini de inceledi. Bu seferki durumda, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar 11 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck olan ki\u015filerden al\u0131nan \u00f6rneklerde hi\u00e7 yeni olu\u015fmu\u015f hipokampal n\u00f6ron bulamad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 n\u00f6robilimciler, beyinlerini analiz i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan don\u00f6rlerin fiziksel ve zihinsel durumlar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. La Jolla, Kaliforniya\u2019daki Salk Biyolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde (the Salk Institute for Biological Studies) n\u00f6robilimci olan Fred Gage, \u201cNe kadar egzersiz yapt\u0131lar? Yata\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak m\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131lar? Sahip olduklar\u0131 hastal\u0131k sebebiyle depresyonda m\u0131yd\u0131lar?\u201d diyerek, bu parametrelerin \u00f6neminin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor. \u201cBunlar konuyla ilgili; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc egzersiz, stres ve hastal\u0131k gibi fakt\u00f6rler yeni olu\u015fan hipokampal n\u00f6ron say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 etkiliyor\u201d diye ekliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Londra, Kings College\u2019de n\u00f6robilimci olan Sandrine Thuret, \u201cT\u00fcm bu endi\u015felere ra\u011fmen ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n, bu alanda do\u011frudan etkileri olacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor\u201d diyor ve devam ediyor, \u201cBu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan di\u011fer biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131, yeti\u015fkin hipokamp\u00fcs\u00fcnde yeni olu\u015fan n\u00f6ronlar\u0131 aramaya; ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131, ya\u015fayan organizmalarda yeni n\u00f6ron olu\u015fumunu takip edebilmek i\u00e7in daha iyi i\u015faretleyiciler geli\u015ftirmeye te\u015fvik edebilir.\u201d Son olarak Thuret, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00d6\u011frenme ve haf\u0131zada \u00f6nemli bir rol oynayan insan hipokamp\u00fcs\u00fc, her g\u00fcn y\u00fczlerce yeni sinir h\u00fccresi olu\u015fturur \u00a0ya da biliminsanlar\u0131 bu \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Yap\u0131lan yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7oktand\u0131r devam eden bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi tam tersine \u00e7evirebilir. Nature\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan, Giorgia Guglielmi\u2019nin haberine g\u00f6re, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, beynin bu b\u00f6lgesindeki yeni n\u00f6ron olu\u015fumunun, yeti\u015fkin olduktan sonra durabilece\u011fini buldu. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1191,"featured_media":22597,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,35,33],"tags":[1678,254,298,2444,347,1087],"class_list":["post-22596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-noroloji","category-saglik-bilimleri","tag-bellek","tag-beyin","tag-hafiza","tag-hipokampus","tag-noroloji","tag-noron"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dilara G\u00fcndo\u011fdu\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/04\/02\/beynin-hafiza-merkezindeki-noron-olusumu-cocukluk-cagindan-sonra-duruyor-mu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.8\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bilim ve Gelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Beynin haf\u0131za merkezindeki n\u00f6ron olu\u015fumu \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan sonra duruyor mu? | Bilim ve Gelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/04\/02\/beynin-hafiza-merkezindeki-noron-olusumu-cocukluk-cagindan-sonra-duruyor-mu\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"fb:app_id\" content=\"2104805563100892\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"fb:admins\" content=\"1250955469\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/n\u00f6ron-\u00e7ocukluk.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/n\u00f6ron-\u00e7ocukluk.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"799\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-04-01T21:12:43+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-04-01T21:12:43+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bilimvegelecekdergisi\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@bilimvegelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Beynin haf\u0131za merkezindeki n\u00f6ron olu\u015fumu \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan sonra duruyor mu? | Bilim ve Gelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/n\u00f6ron-\u00e7ocukluk.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/02\\\/beynin-hafiza-merkezindeki-noron-olusumu-cocukluk-cagindan-sonra-duruyor-mu#article\",\"name\":\"Beynin haf\\u0131za merkezindeki n\\u00f6ron olu\\u015fumu \\u00e7ocukluk \\u00e7a\\u011f\\u0131ndan sonra duruyor mu? | Bilim ve Gelecek\",\"headline\":\"Beynin haf\\u0131za merkezindeki n\\u00f6ron olu\\u015fumu \\u00e7ocukluk \\u00e7a\\u011f\\u0131ndan sonra duruyor mu?\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/index.php\\\/author\\\/dgundogdu#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/n\\u00f6ron-\\u00e7ocukluk.jpg\",\"width\":799,\"height\":450,\"caption\":\"K\\u0131rm\\u0131z\\u0131 renk ile g\\u00f6sterilen, hipokamp\\u00fcsteki sinir h\\u00fccreleri. 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