{"id":22760,"date":"2018-04-06T16:35:42","date_gmt":"2018-04-06T13:35:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=22760"},"modified":"2018-04-07T21:22:52","modified_gmt":"2018-04-07T18:22:52","slug":"9-maddede-asi-karsitlarinin-iddialari-ve-gercekler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/04\/06\/9-maddede-asi-karsitlarinin-iddialari-ve-gercekler","title":{"rendered":"9 maddede a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n iddialar\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ekler"},"content":{"rendered":"

KL\u0130M\u0130K Derne\u011fi Eri\u015fkin Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131klamas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu<\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n iddialar\u0131na bilimsel yan\u0131tlar veren bu yay\u0131n, KL\u0130M\u0130K Derne\u011fi Eri\u015fkin Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131klamas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu\u2019nun (http:\/\/www.klimik.org.tr\/<\/a>) bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Herkese Bilim Teknoloji dergisinin 23 Mart tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda, sayfa 12-13\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan yaz\u0131, web sayfas\u0131nda da 4 Nisan 2018 tarihinde yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

1. Hastal\u0131klar, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve temiz g\u0131da\/su temini sayesinde a\u015f\u0131lamalardan \u00f6nce ortadan kalkmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> Bu gibi ifadeler a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 literat\u00fcrde \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nd\u0131r, niyet a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektir. Daha iyi bir beslenme, temiz i\u00e7me suyu, ba\u015fta antibiyotikler olmak \u00fczere t\u0131bbi tedavilerin geli\u015fmesi sa\u011f kal\u0131m oranlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha az kalabal\u0131k ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 hastal\u0131k bula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar do\u011frudur. Ancak bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131llar i\u00e7indeki de\u011fi\u015fimine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n ne kadar etkili oldu\u011fu \u015f\u00fcphe g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin y\u0131llar boyunca periyodik ini\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar olsa da k\u0131zam\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek kal\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f 1963\u2019de k\u0131zam\u0131k a\u015f\u0131 lisans\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve k\u0131zam\u0131k a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Benzer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, \u00e7ocuklarda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc solunum yolu enfeksiyonlar\u0131 ve menenjit yapan Haemophilus influenzae<\/em>\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmesiyle de ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcstelik bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f sosyoekonomik d\u00fczeyi y\u00fcksek olan (zaten temiz su ve g\u0131daya ula\u015fabilen) geli\u015fmi\u015f bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde ve yak\u0131n zamanlarda g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir (ABD\u2019de 1990\u2019da y\u0131lda 20.000 olgudan 1993\u2019te 1419 olguya). Benzer \u00f6rnekler \u00fclkemizden de verilebilir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de kabakulak olgu say\u0131s\u0131 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda 20.000 iken yayg\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lama ile 2017\u2019de 419\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca a\u015f\u0131lanma oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesinin geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde bile salg\u0131nlara neden olmas\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir:<\/p>\n

Japonya\u2019da 1974\u2019te 393 bo\u011fmaca vakas\u0131 ve s\u0131f\u0131r \u00f6l\u00fcm g\u00f6zlenirken bo\u011fmacaya kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lama oranlar\u0131n\u0131n %70\u2019lerden %20-40\u2019lara d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle 1979\u2019da 13000 vaka ve 41 \u00f6l\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde 1989\u2019da 839 difteri vakas\u0131 varken, a\u015f\u0131laman\u0131n durmas\u0131yla 1994\u2019te 50.000 olgu ve 1700 \u00f6l\u00fcm g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. A\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131rsak hastal\u0131klar \u00f6l\u00fcmlerle geri gelecektir.<\/p>\n

2. Bir salg\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hastalanan ki\u015filerin \u00e7o\u011fu a\u015f\u0131 olanlard\u0131r.<\/strong> Salg\u0131nlarla seyreden \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131nda bu iddia do\u011fru olsa da, a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n etkisiz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermez. A\u015f\u0131lanan \u00e7ocu\u011fu riske atmamak amac\u0131yla a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u00f6l\u00fc veya zay\u0131flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f vir\u00fcs konuldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi ile ilgili nedenlerle hi\u00e7bir a\u015f\u0131 %100 etkili de\u011fildir. A\u015f\u0131lanan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ortalama %85-95\u2019i korunurken, %5-15\u2019inde a\u015f\u0131ya ra\u011fmen hastal\u0131k geli\u015febilir. Toplumda a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lanmayanlara k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok fazla oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hastalananlar aras\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n oran\u0131 da fazla olacakt\u0131r. Bir \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klanacak olursa; 1000 \u00e7ocu\u011fun gitti\u011fi bir okulda 10 \u00e7ocu\u011fun k\u0131zam\u0131k a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 990 \u00e7ocu\u011fun a\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu farz edelim. Bir k\u0131zam\u0131k salg\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011funda a\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f 10 \u00e7ocu\u011fun tamam\u0131 hastalanacakt\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131n\u0131n koruyuculu\u011fu %98 olsa dahi a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f 990 \u00e7ocuktan 19\u2019u (%2) k\u0131zam\u0131k olacakt\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7ta salg\u0131nda hastalanm\u0131\u015f 29 \u00e7ocu\u011fun 19\u2019u (%65.5\u2019i) a\u015f\u0131lanan \u00e7ocuklardan olu\u015facakt\u0131r. Oysa a\u015f\u0131 990 \u00e7ocu\u011fun 971\u2019ini hastal\u0131ktan korumu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

3. A\u015f\u0131 olmaktansa hasta olmak daha iyidir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u015f\u0131lar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisi kadar koruyucu de\u011fildir.\u00a0<\/strong>A\u015f\u0131lar, do\u011fal enfeksiyon sonucu geli\u015fen yan\u0131tlara benzer bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yan\u0131t\u0131 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi ile etkile\u015firler, ancak hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olmazlar. B\u00f6ylelikle ki\u015fide hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n olas\u0131 komplikasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olur. A\u015f\u0131 yerine hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisini ge\u00e7irerek ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k kazanman\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r bedelleri olabilir: K\u0131zam\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 ensefalit, k\u00f6rl\u00fck ve \u00f6l\u00fcm, k\u0131zam\u0131k\u00e7\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 do\u011fum kusurlar\u0131, bakteriyel menenjit sonras\u0131nda zek\u00e2 gerili\u011fi ve sinir hasar\u0131, \u00e7ocuk felci enfeksiyonundan sonra kal\u0131c\u0131 fel\u00e7ler, Hepatit B vir\u00fcs\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak karaci\u011fer kanseri veya \u00f6l\u00fcm gibi a\u011f\u0131r bedeller \u00f6denebilir.<\/p>\n

4. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bebe\u011fe \u00e7ok say\u0131da a\u015f\u0131 yapmak (\u00e7ok ve \u00e7e\u015fitli antijen vermek) ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bozarak pek \u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/strong> Bebekler do\u011fumdan itibaren her dakika \u00e7ok say\u0131da yabanc\u0131 antijenle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. Annesinin v\u00fccudundan ve \u00e7evreden \u00e7ok say\u0131da mikroorganizma bebe\u011fin v\u00fccuduna yerle\u015fir. Bebek ek g\u0131da almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise g\u0131dalarla \u00e7ok say\u0131da mikroorganizma ve farkl\u0131 antijenlere maruz kal\u0131r. Ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi nezle gibi enfeksiyonlar antijenik uyar\u0131ya sebep olur. Basit bir nezle 4-10 farkl\u0131 antijen, beta enfeksiyonu 25-50 farkl\u0131 antijenle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 demektir. A\u015f\u0131larla verilen antijenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha az miktardad\u0131r. Bilimsel veriler ayn\u0131 anda farkl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lar yapman\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi \u00fczerinde olumsuz bir etkiye neden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca yan etkinin de artmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu nedenle \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r bebeklere \u00e7oklu a\u015f\u0131lar uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5. Anne s\u00fct\u00fc, i\u00e7eri\u011findeki maddelerle bebe\u011fi enfeksiyonlardan korur.<\/strong> Bebeklere ilk iki ya\u015fta \u00e7ok say\u0131da a\u015f\u0131 yapmaktansa iki ya\u015f\u0131na kadar anne s\u00fct\u00fc vermek yeterlidir. A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla bir bilimsel ger\u00e7e\u011fe dayan\u0131yor g\u00f6r\u00fcnerek yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 iddialar ortaya at\u0131yor. Bu iddia da bunun tipik bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Ger\u00e7ekten anne s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn enfeksiyonlardan korudu\u011fu bilimsel bir ger\u00e7ektir. Hatta hekimler anne s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc bebe\u011fin ilk a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlar ve bebe\u011fin anne s\u00fct\u00fcyle beslenmesini te\u015fvik eder. Ancak a\u015f\u0131lar olmadan tek ba\u015f\u0131na anne s\u00fct\u00fc, k\u0131zam\u0131k, k\u0131zam\u0131k\u00e7\u0131k, tetanoz, difteri gibi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc hastal\u0131klardan koruyamaz. Bu hastal\u0131klar sadece ya\u015fam\u0131n ilk iki y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmezler, yani sadece \u00e7ocukluk hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildirler. A\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ocuk eri\u015fkin ya\u015fa kadar bu hastal\u0131klara yakalanmazsa mutlaka eri\u015fkin ya\u015fta yakalanacakt\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n etkisi (belli a\u015f\u0131larda ek dozlar yap\u0131lmak kayd\u0131yla) \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu devam eder.<\/p>\n

6. \u00dclkemizde a\u015f\u0131yla \u00f6nlenebilir hastal\u0131klar kaybolmaya y\u00fcz tuttu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131za a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131rmam\u0131za gerek yoktur.<\/strong> \u00dclkemizde a\u015f\u0131yla \u00f6nlenen \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frudur. Ancak halen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde bu hastal\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte ve artan seyahatler, g\u00f6\u00e7 ve m\u00fcltecilik gibi nedenlerle \u00e7ok kolayca s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fabilmektedir. Nitekim \u00fclkemizde 2011\u2019de 105 k\u0131zam\u0131k olgusu (\u00e7o\u011fu d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen ki\u015filer) varken 2013\u2019te salg\u0131n ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve say\u0131 7405\u2019e \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131lanma sadece a\u015f\u0131lanan ki\u015fiyi de\u011fil t\u00fcm toplumu koruyan bir y\u00f6ntemdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumdaki a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olursa hastal\u0131k salg\u0131n yapamaz; a\u015f\u0131lanmayan ki\u015filer, a\u015f\u0131lanan ki\u015filer sayesinde hastal\u0131ktan korunmu\u015f olur (s\u00fcr\u00fc veya toplum ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131). Ancak a\u015f\u0131lanmayan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 artarsa, toplum ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkisi azal\u0131r ve salg\u0131nlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00dcstelik bu salg\u0131nlarda a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerden a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n etkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131lar\u0131 da hastalan\u0131rlar (bkz. 2. Madde). Yani a\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f olanlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden a\u015f\u0131lananlar aras\u0131nda hastalan\u0131p \u00f6lenler olabilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131nlar gelebilir. Bu nedenle a\u015f\u0131 olma karar\u0131 pek \u00e7ok hastal\u0131k i\u00e7in bireysel bir karar de\u011fil toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir gerekliliktir. Son y\u0131llarda \u00fclkemizde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131rmayan ailelerin say\u0131s\u0131 tehlikeli bir \u015fekilde artmaktad\u0131r: 2014\u2019te 1370, 2015\u2019te 5091, 2016\u2019da 11470 iken 2017\u2019de 23000\u2019i ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu art\u0131\u015f trendi devam etti\u011fi takdirde \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131nlar ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

7. A\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7inde koruyucu olarak civa gibi tehlikeli elementler, al\u00fcminyum gibi zararl\u0131 maddeler bulunur.<\/strong> A\u015f\u0131larda bakteriyel kontaminasyonu engellemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan timerosal diye bilinen madde organik bir civa bile\u015fi\u011fidir. Do\u011fada toprakta, havada ve sularda bulunan civan\u0131n iki formu vard\u0131r: Metil-civa ve etil-civa. Metil-civa y\u00fcksek dozlarda insanlarda zehir etkisi g\u00f6sterir. Etil-civa ise metil-civa\u2019ya g\u00f6re \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 v\u00fccuttan at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in toksik dozlara ula\u015fmaz. \u0130nsana zarar vermez. Timerosal, etil-civad\u0131r ve sadece \u00e7oklu doz i\u00e7eren flakon \u015feklindeki a\u015f\u0131larda bulunur. Tek ki\u015fiye yap\u0131lmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f enjekt\u00f6rde bulunan a\u015f\u0131larda zaten timerosal (etil-civa) yoktur. Timerosalin otizm yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 da ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak yap\u0131lan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar timerosal ile otizm aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir ili\u015fki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Al\u00fcminyum ve skualen gibi maddeler a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n etkisini art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 (adjuan) olarak 1930\u2019lardan beri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu maddeler de t\u0131pk\u0131 civa bile\u015fikleri gibi do\u011fada \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olarak bulunurlar ve insanlar a\u015f\u0131larda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 adjuanlardan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131 ile g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat i\u00e7erisinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. Her a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde adjuan yoktur. \u00d6rne\u011fin grip a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 al\u00fcminyum i\u00e7ermezler. Bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki adjuanlar\u0131n insana zarar vermedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

8. A\u015f\u0131lar g\u00fcvenli de\u011fildir pek \u00e7ok a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok tehlikeli yan etkileri vard\u0131r.<\/strong> A\u015f\u0131lar \u00e7ok g\u00fcvenlidirler. Lisansl\u0131 bir a\u015f\u0131, kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in onay almadan \u00f6nce \u00e7ok say\u0131da deneme a\u015famas\u0131 boyunca titizlikle test edilir ve piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra d\u00fczenli olarak yeniden de\u011ferlendirilir. Bilim insanlar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca, bir a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olumsuz bir etkiye neden olabilece\u011fine dair olas\u0131 bir durum i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan gelen bilgileri s\u00fcrekli olarak takip ederler. \u00c7o\u011fu a\u015f\u0131 reaksiyonlar\u0131, genellikle lokal a\u011fr\u0131 veya hafif ate\u015f gibi ge\u00e7icidir reaksiyonlard\u0131r. Nadiren ciddi bir yan etki bildirilmesi durumunda bilimsel kurullar taraf\u0131ndan hemen ciddiyetle ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak \u015fu da bilinmelidir ki t\u0131pta bir y\u00f6ntemin g\u00fcvenli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verirken o y\u00f6ntem uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda neler olaca\u011f\u0131na da bak\u0131l\u0131r. Elbette a\u015f\u0131lanma \u00e7ok nadir (kabaca y\u00fcz binde bir ile milyonda bir aras\u0131nda bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla) ciddi yan etkiye neden olabilir. Ancak a\u015f\u0131lanmamak \u00e7ok daha tehlikeli ve zararl\u0131d\u0131r. Bebeklerde ishali \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yeni geli\u015ftirilen Rotavirus a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ile ilgili olarak 4,5 milyon bebe\u011fin 5 y\u0131l boyunca izlenmesi ile elde edilen veriler de bunu destekler niteliktedir. A\u015f\u0131lar her a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00fcvenlidir. Hatta du\u015f almaktan, yemek yemekten veya d\u0131\u015far\u0131da dola\u015fmaktan daha g\u00fcvenlidirler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sadece ABD\u2019de her y\u0131l 350 ki\u015fi du\u015f veya banyo kazas\u0131 nedeniyle, 200 ki\u015fi yemek yerken nefes borusuna ka\u00e7\u0131rarak, 40 ki\u015fi y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7arpmas\u0131 ile hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Amerika\u2019da Rotavirus a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

9. A\u015f\u0131larla ilgili \u00e7ok yan etki var ama a\u015f\u0131 firmalar\u0131 bunlar\u0131n bilinmesine engel oluyor.<\/strong> A\u015f\u0131lar toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren \u00fcr\u00fcnler oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bilimsel kurulu\u015flar (D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Uzmanl\u0131k Dernekleri, Avrupa Hastal\u0131k Kontrol Merkezi) ve ulusal sa\u011fl\u0131k otoriteleri taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcne izlenmektedir. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u00e7ok titiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan a\u015f\u0131 yan etkisi takip sistemleri vard\u0131r ve a\u015f\u0131lar yan etki a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ila\u00e7lardan \u00e7ok daha yak\u0131n takip edilir. En ufak bir \u015f\u00fcphe olu\u015ftu\u011funda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bilim insanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan komisyonlar kurularak ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, bilimsel ortamlarda \u015feffaf bir \u015fekilde payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve sonu\u00e7lar t\u00fcm hekimlere ve sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na duyurulur.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Desai R. et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013;32:1-7<\/p>\n

2) The Vaccine Handbook: A Practical Guide for Clinicians, 6E \u201cThe Purple Book\u201d<\/p>\n

3) http:\/\/www.who.int\/vaccine_safety\/initiative\/detection\/immunization_misconceptions\/en\/index4.html<\/p>\n

4) http:\/\/www.who.int\/features\/qa\/84\/en\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

KL\u0130M\u0130K Derne\u011fi Eri\u015fkin Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131klamas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n iddialar\u0131na bilimsel yan\u0131tlar veren bu yay\u0131n, KL\u0130M\u0130K Derne\u011fi Eri\u015fkin Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131klamas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu\u2019nun (http:\/\/www.klimik.org.tr\/) bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Herkese Bilim Teknoloji dergisinin 23 Mart tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda, sayfa 12-13\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan yaz\u0131, web sayfas\u0131nda da 4 Nisan 2018 tarihinde yay\u0131nland\u0131. 1. Hastal\u0131klar, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve temiz g\u0131da\/su temini sayesinde a\u015f\u0131lamalardan \u00f6nce […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":22784,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,33],"tags":[2777,2779,2778],"class_list":["post-22760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-saglik-bilimleri","tag-asi","tag-asi-karsitligi","tag-asi-karsitligina-yanit"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t