N\u00fckleer fizik\u00e7iler, iki y\u00fcksek enerji h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesiyle, kuark gluon plazma olarak bilinen egzotik maddenin dikkat \u00e7ekici bir \u00f6zelli\u011finin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. Bulgular, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeni y\u00f6nlerini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bunlardan biri olan m\u00fckemmel ak\u0131\u015fkan, B\u00fcy\u00fck Patlama\u2019dan yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 saniye sonraki erken evrenin durumu hakk\u0131nda ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 veriyor.<\/p>\n
ABD Lawrence Berkeley Ulusal Laboratuvar\u0131 Enerji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, JET Tak\u0131m\u0131 olarak bilinen grubun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Physical Review C <\/em>dergisinde bas\u0131ld\u0131. JET \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi, DOE Bilim Ofisi taraf\u0131ndan 2010\u2019da kurulan n\u00fckleer teori i\u00e7indeki konu bazl\u0131 i\u015fbirliklerinden biridir. Niceliksel jet ve elektromanyetik tomografinin temsil etti\u011fi JET\u2019in amac\u0131, y\u00fcksek enerji ve a\u011f\u0131r iyon \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan probu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r. Bu tak\u0131m Berkeley Laboratuvar\u0131 ile birlikte 12 enstit\u00fcye sahiptir.<\/p>\n JET Tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Y\u00f6neticisi fizik\u00e7i Xin-Nian Wang, neredeyse m\u00fckemmel olan ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n mikroskopik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karan kuark gluon plazman\u0131n anahtar bir \u00f6zelli\u011fini en y\u00fcksek kesinlikte \u00e7\u0131karabildiklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor: \u201cM\u00fckemmel ak\u0131\u015fkanlar kuantum mekaniksel olarak izin verilmi\u015f en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck viskozite-yo\u011funluk oran\u0131na sahiptir. Bunun anlam\u0131, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme olmadan akt\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n S\u0131cak plazma denizi<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u00fckleer fizik\u00e7iler kuark gluon plazma yaratmak ve \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in New York\u2019taki Brookhaven Ulusal Laboratuvar\u0131 ve \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019deki CERN\u2019de adlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla R\u00f6lativistik A\u011f\u0131r \u0130yon \u00c7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 (RHIC) ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Hadron \u00c7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 (LHC) olan par\u00e7ac\u0131k h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yorlar. Biliminsanlar\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r atomik \u00e7ekirdeklerin y\u00fcksek enerji i\u00e7in h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve birbiri i\u00e7inde patlamas\u0131yla erken evrenin \u00e7ok s\u0131cak oldu\u011fu ko\u015fullar\u0131 yeniden yaratabiliyorlar.<\/p>\n Proton ve n\u00f6tronlar\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu temel par\u00e7ac\u0131klar olan kuarklar, birbirlerine gluonlar sayesinde s\u0131k\u0131ca ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in merkezindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n milyon kat\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki bir de\u011ferde \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlarsa, birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, kuark gluon plazma olarak bilinen s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesiz m\u00fckemmel ak\u0131\u015fkan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n Wang, \u201cS\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fundan farkl\u0131 \u00e7ekirdekler aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r kaybolur. B\u00f6ylece her \u015fey kuarklar\u0131n ve gluonlar\u0131n s\u0131cak bir \u00e7orbas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Par\u00e7ac\u0131k h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu \u00e7ok s\u0131cak \u00e7orba olduk\u00e7a k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc oldu\u011fundan \u00f6l\u00e7mek hayli zor. Bu zorlu\u011fun \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in deneyciler taraf\u0131ndan bir ara\u00e7 geli\u015ftirildi. Fakat, deneylerdeki g\u00f6zlemlerin kuark gluon plazman\u0131n kesin analizinin i\u00e7inde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, h\u00e2l\u00e2 ba\u015far\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n Wang\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma grubu, teorik olarak ilk kez 20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Berkeley Laboratuvar\u0131\u2019nda kullan\u0131lan bir fenomeni yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n i\u00e7inde kulland\u0131. Fenomen \u015fuydu: Y\u00fcksek enerjili par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n enerji kayb\u0131 olan \u201cjet\u201d kuark gluon plazman\u0131n i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n Wang, s\u0131cak kuark gluon plazma olu\u015fturuldu\u011funda, baz\u0131 zamanlar durgun maddenin bin kat\u0131 enerjili par\u00e7ac\u0131klar yarat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bu jetler plazman\u0131n i\u00e7inde yay\u0131l\u0131r, sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve bu yolla enerji kaybederler. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar jetin \u00fcretildi\u011fi anki enerjisini bildikleri i\u00e7in enerji kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ebilirler. Bu durum, plazman\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve onlar\u0131n etkile\u015fimlerinin dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 veriyor. Bu nedenle Wang jeti \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131ml\u0131yor: \u201cSanki insan\u0131n v\u00fccudundan ge\u00e7en X-\u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 gibi. B\u00f6ylece i\u00e7ini g\u00f6rebiliyorsunuz.\u201d<\/p>\n Kuark gluon plazman\u0131n X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 olan jetlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, plazma bir ate\u015f topu gibi \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 geni\u015fledi\u011fi i\u00e7in, olduk\u00e7a zor. Wang, yarat\u0131lan s\u0131cak ate\u015f topunun, \u00e7ok h\u0131zla geni\u015flerken s\u0131radan bir maddeye h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde so\u011fudu\u011funu belirtiyor. Bu durumun plazman\u0131n geni\u015flemesini kesin olarak tan\u0131mlayan bir model geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu ekliyor.<\/p>\n Bu model, Einstein\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zel g\u00f6relilik teorisi ile tan\u0131mlanan ak\u0131\u015fkanlar\u0131n hareketinde kullan\u0131lan \u201cr\u00f6lativistik hidrodinamik\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir teori dal\u0131na dayan\u0131yor. Ge\u00e7en birka\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca, JET Tak\u0131m\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ultra s\u0131cak m\u00fckemmel ak\u0131\u015fkan fenomenin g\u00f6zlemini ve geni\u015fleme s\u00fcrecini tan\u0131mlayabilecek bir model geli\u015ftirdiler. Wang, bu modelin jetin dinamik ate\u015f topu i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l ilerledi\u011fini anlamalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Bu modelin kuark gluon plazma ve jetin \u00fcretilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar RHIC\u2019deki PHENIX ve STAR deneyleri ve LHC\u2019deki ALICE ve CMS deneylerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirip analiz ettiler; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her bir h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 farkl\u0131 de\u011ferdeydi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma grubu, kuark gluon plazman\u0131n bir temel \u00f6zelli\u011fini ortaya koydular. Bunu da, jet ve ultra s\u0131cak madde aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fimin dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 karakterize eden, jet ge\u00e7i\u015f katsay\u0131s\u0131 olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131lar. Wang, jet ge\u00e7i\u015f katsay\u0131s\u0131 de\u011ferlerinin belirlenmesinin, ultra s\u0131cak maddenin neden evrendeki en ideal s\u0131v\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n \u0130lk jet ve ak\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri ile birlikte RHIC\u2019 deki STAR deneylerinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Berkeley Laboratuvar\u0131\u2019ndaki ara\u015ft\u0131rma grubunun lideri olan Peter Jacobs\u2019a g\u00f6re, yeni sonu\u00e7 kuark gluon plazmas\u0131n\u0131n kesin do\u011fas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lan bir pencere olaca\u011f\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a de\u011ferli. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonraki ad\u0131m\u0131, RHIC\u2019 den gelen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerji verileriyle LHC\u2019den gelen y\u00fcksek enerji de\u011ferlerini, bu s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n plazma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na nas\u0131l etki edece\u011fini g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in analiz etmek ve bu analizi \u00f6zellikle de, s\u0131radan madde ve kuark gluon plazmadan egzotik madde aras\u0131ndaki faz ge\u00e7i\u015fi etraf\u0131nda yapmak olacak.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" N\u00fckleer fizik\u00e7iler, iki y\u00fcksek enerji h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesiyle, kuark gluon plazma olarak bilinen egzotik maddenin dikkat \u00e7ekici bir \u00f6zelli\u011finin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. Bulgular, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeni y\u00f6nlerini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bunlardan biri olan m\u00fckemmel ak\u0131\u015fkan, B\u00fcy\u00fck Patlama\u2019dan yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 saniye sonraki erken evrenin durumu hakk\u0131nda ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 veriyor. ABD Lawrence Berkeley Ulusal Laboratuvar\u0131 Enerji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, JET […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":855,"featured_media":23873,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[166,19,26],"tags":[1546,2939,2940],"class_list":["post-23872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-129-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-fizik","tag-nukleer-fizik","tag-plazma","tag-surtunmesiz-akiskan"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t