{"id":23937,"date":"2014-01-01T11:55:01","date_gmt":"2014-01-01T09:55:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=23937"},"modified":"2018-04-24T12:51:17","modified_gmt":"2018-04-24T09:51:17","slug":"cumhuriyet-turkiyesinin-dis-politikasi-ozlu-bir-degerlendirme-denemesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2014\/01\/01\/cumhuriyet-turkiyesinin-dis-politikasi-ozlu-bir-degerlendirme-denemesi","title":{"rendered":"Cumhuriyet T\u00fcrkiyesi’nin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131: \u00d6zl\u00fc bir de\u011ferlendirme denemesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Libya, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye\u2019de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler veya onlarla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 gruplara destek verilmesi; ABD\u2019nin Rusya ile Suriye konusunda diplomatik se\u00e7enek \u00fczerinde anla\u015fmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi uluslararas\u0131 politikada devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k bireyler i\u00e7in bazen bir gereklilik olabilir, ancak devletler i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir gereklilik s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201cde\u011ferli\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n tamlanan\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu zavall\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rtmez\/\u00f6rtemez.<\/em><\/p>\n

SUNU\u015e: Bu metin bildiri olarak, Yeni Ku\u015fak K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcl\u00fcler Derne\u011fi (YKKED) taraf\u0131ndan, 26 Ekim 2013 tarihinde (\u0130zmir) Konak Belediyesi Dr. Selahattin Ak\u00e7i\u00e7ek K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen: \u201c90. Y\u0131l\u0131nda Cumhuriyeti Yeniden Anlamak\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sempozyuma sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Doksan ya\u015f\u0131na giren T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin izledi\u011fi d\u0131\u015f politikay\u0131 ele almazdan \u00f6nce, Prof. Dr. Nuri Bilgin\u2019in 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tespiti payla\u015fmak istiyorum. Cumhuriyet\u2019in 80. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 anma etkinlikleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Ege \u00dcniversitesi Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir sempozyumda Bilgin, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti 80. y\u0131l\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a sa\u011flam g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor<\/em>\u201d dedikten sonra, modern anlamda cumhuriyeti b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde hukuk devleti <\/em>olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131[1]. On y\u0131l sonra bug\u00fcn, AKP iktidar\u0131ndan nemalanan ve\/veya himmet bekleyenler hari\u00e7, akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 kimsenin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir hukuk devleti<\/em>, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cumhuriyetin sa\u011flam oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilece\u011fini<\/em> sanm\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, Hariciye Vekaleti Siyasal \u0130\u015fler M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Yusuf Hikmet Bayur (en sa\u011fda) ile.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ilk 15 y\u0131l\u0131nda izledi\u011fi d\u0131\u015f politikay\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren bir makale kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m[2]. Ancak 90 y\u0131l\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 20 dakikada de\u011ferlendirecek bu bildiriyi haz\u0131rlarken hayli zorland\u0131m. S\u00f6z konusu s\u00fcre\u00e7te T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131n; kriz, tart\u0131\u015fma ve ki\u015filiklerin \u00e7ok say\u0131da makale ve kitaba konu oldu\u011fu ilgililerin malumudur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla birazdan okuyacaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin 1923\u20132013 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda izledi\u011fi d\u0131\u015f politikayla ilgili her \u015feyi ve son s\u00f6z\u00fc s\u00f6yleme iddias\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> belirtmek istiyorum. Niyetim, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni kuran k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva radikallerinin[3], d\u0131\u015f politika olu\u015ftururken \u00f6nemsedi\u011fi temel e\u011filimlerin s\u00fcreklili\u011fini sorgularken, s\u00fcrecin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc kavrayan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n temel e\u011filimleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bence bu e\u011filimlerden ilki; Hariciye Vek\u00e2leti\u2019nin \u201cHariciye \u0130\u015fleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 raporunda[4] (1938) vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, ba\u015fka devletlerle kurulacak ili\u015fkiler ve imzalanacak anla\u015fmalarda aranan e\u015fitlik<\/strong> (m\u00fcsavat) zeminiydi. \u201cUluslararas\u0131 hukuka uygunluk\u201d, \u201ckar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k\u201d ve \u201ci\u00e7i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmama\u201d, egemenli\u011fi de kapsayan e\u015fitli\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcnleyen duyarl\u0131l\u0131klard\u0131. Ayn\u0131 rapordan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere ikinci e\u011filim; bar\u0131\u015f, dostluk ve uluslararas\u0131 alanda i\u015fbirli\u011fine hizmet edecek her etkinli\u011fin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmakt\u0131<\/strong> (sulhperverlik). S\u0131ras\u0131yla bu e\u011filimlerin i\u00e7ini doldurmak istiyorum.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n siyasal program\u0131 olan Misak-\u0131 Milli\u2019de, e\u015fitlik<\/strong> ve de egemenlikten<\/strong>[5] s\u00f6z edilmesi (md. 6) tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir[6]. Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131n\u0131 izleyen y\u0131llarda, Lozan ba\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131na taraf olan emperyalist \u00fclkeler, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi e\u015fit ve egemen bir devlet olmaktan al\u0131koyacak baz\u0131 giri\u015fimlerde bulundular. Hariciye Vek\u00e2leti Siyasal \u0130\u015fler M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc (1920\u20131925) Yusuf Hikmet Bey\u2019in (Bayur), Bat\u0131l\u0131 ricalin<\/strong> (ileri gelenlerin) T\u00fcrkl\u00fck hakk\u0131nda eski d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve yeti\u015fmi\u015f<\/strong> olmas\u0131na ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131[7] bu giri\u015fimlerin belli ba\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131: Yeni ba\u015fkent Ankara\u2019ya b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i g\u00f6nderilmek istenmemesi ile Bo\u011fazlar Komisyonu\u2019nun kendine \u00f6zel bir bayrak edinme \u00e7abas\u0131yd\u0131 ki, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin direnci ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 vek\u00e2letin, Milletler Cemiyeti i\u015flerine bakan dairesinin genel m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Apt\u00fclahat Bey\u2019e (Ak\u015fin) g\u00f6re, Mustafa Kemal b\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devletle ittifak yapman\u0131n, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve zay\u0131f olan devletin egemenli\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve onu m\u00fcttefikinin himayesi alt\u0131na koydu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteydi[8]. D\u0131\u015f politika gemisinin d\u00fcmeninden hi\u00e7 ayr\u0131lmayan sonraki cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 da, Mustafa Kemal\u2019den farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyordu. Nitekim “b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmak, ay\u0131yla yata\u011fa girmeye benzer. Ay\u0131n\u0131n ne yapaca\u011f\u0131 belli olmaz” c\u00fcmlesi \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye aittir[9].<\/p>\n

G\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in egemenlikten feragat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hal b\u00f6yle iken Mustafa Kemal, kolektif (ortakla\u015fa) g\u00fcvenlik aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7suz kalmas\u0131 ve \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Balkanlar ile Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki sald\u0131rgan tutumundan sonra, bir yandan \u201cBalkan\u201d ve \u201cSadabad\u201d gibi b\u00f6lgesel nitelikteki<\/strong> paktlar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck; \u00f6te yandan, \u0130ngiltere ile genel ittifak yapma<\/strong> aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girmi\u015fti[10]. 1939 Sonbahar\u0131\u2019nda \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa ile imza edilen Ankara Pakt\u0131 (\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc \u0130ttifak), bu aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n biraz gecikmi\u015f meyvesiydi. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, ba\u015fka devletlerle kurulacak ili\u015fki ve imzalanacak anla\u015fmalarda, g\u00fcvenlik endi\u015fesi s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda<\/strong> e\u015fitlik ve egemenlikten feragat edilebilmi\u015fti[11].<\/p>\n

Bu sapman\u0131n s\u00fcreklilik arz etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u015e\u00f6yle ki, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiye, 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurucu \u00fcye olarak Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’e 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise, Avrupa Konseyi\u2019ne dahil olmu\u015ftu. B\u00f6ylece galiplerin kuraca\u011f\u0131 yenid\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninde yerini al\u0131rken<\/strong>; 1932\u2019de Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne \u00fcye olurken d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: Muas\u0131r medeniyete kat\u0131lma<\/strong>, ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle Bat\u0131l\u0131 olman\u0131n bir gere\u011fini<\/strong> yerine getirmi\u015f oluyordu[12]. Burada bir parantez a\u00e7arak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne \u00fcye olmas\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda, Lozan\u2019dan bakiye baz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n (Osmanl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131 ve Hatay konusu) istenildi\u011fi gibi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi ve bir sonuca ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olsa da, baz\u0131 kay\u0131plar\u0131n telafisiyle (Lozan Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin tadili) ilgili oldu\u011funu belirtmek isterim[13]. Devam edersem, ABD\u2019nin 1947\u2019de Truman Doktrini, ertesi y\u0131l Marshall Plan\u0131\u2019ndan faydaland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye imzalatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015fmalara (12 Temmuz 1947 ve 4 Temmuz 1948 tarihli) bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda[14], T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin e\u015fit ve egemen bir devlet olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n

Tek parti iktidar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye, b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerce kurulmu\u015f organizasyonlara \u00fcye olmaya devam etti. 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kuzey Atlantik \u0130ttifak\u0131 Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na (NATO) \u00fcyelik, Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin de tezg\u00e2h\u0131yla<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi y\u00f6netenlerin, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nden alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 tehditten korunacak bir g\u00fcvenlik \u015femsiyesi bulduklar\u0131na inanmalar\u0131ndand\u0131. 1962\u2019de K\u00fcba krizinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar ve Ba\u015fkan Johnson\u2019un K\u0131br\u0131s sorunuyla ilgili Ba\u015fbakan \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi kaba ve tehditk\u00e2r mektup, ABD ve de NATO\u2019nun T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerine bir g\u00fcvenlik \u015femsiyesi a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ac\u0131 bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterecekti. Demokrat Parti d\u00f6neminde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ABD ile imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 utan\u00e7 verici<\/strong> bir dizi anla\u015fmadan hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z etmiyorum ki, emekli General Haydar Tun\u00e7kanat bunlar\u0131 yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[15]. \u00d6rnekleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze do\u011fru \u00e7o\u011faltmak yerine, ikinci e\u011filimin yani bar\u0131\u015f, dostluk ve uluslararas\u0131 alanda i\u015fbirli\u011fine hizmet edecek her etkinli\u011fin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olman\u0131n<\/strong> i\u00e7ini dolduraca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\u201cHariciye \u0130\u015fleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 rapordaki: \u201cAvrupa, Asya ve Akdeniz\u2019deki mevkii mahsusu (\u00f6zel durumu) itibariyle T\u00fcrkiye\u201d; \u201ctarihi ve co\u011frafi rol\u00fcn\u00fc bihakk\u0131n (gere\u011fi gibi) takdir eden T\u00fcrkiye, sulh ve refah a\u015fk\u0131 ile infirad (yaln\u0131zl\u0131k) ve inziva (kendi i\u00e7ine kapanma) politikas\u0131n\u0131 tercih etmemi\u015f…\u201d \u015feklindeki ibareler, Hariciye Vek\u00e2leti\u2019nin T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda stratejik boyutun \u00f6nemini kavrad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u201cStratejik boyut\u201d derken kastetti\u011fim: T\u00fcrkiye co\u011frafyas\u0131 ve bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik ikilemleridir. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak: \u0130ki imparatorlu\u011fa ba\u015fkentlik etmi\u015f a\u00e7\u0131k hava m\u00fczesi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndeki \u0130stanbul[16] ile Bo\u011fazlar gibi, her bak\u0131mdan \u00f6nemli do\u011fal suyollar\u0131n\u0131n sahibi; Balkanlar, Kafkaslar ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin hidro-karbon yataklar\u0131n\u0131n yurdu Ortado\u011fu\u2019yu penceresinden seyreden; k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 denizin y\u0131kad\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, bor ve alt\u0131n\u0131yla[17] emperyalistlerin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kama\u015ft\u0131rmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

BOP’a e\u015fba\u015fkanl\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi, 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001\u2019deki u\u00e7akl\u0131 intihar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye soyundu\u011fu B\u00fcy\u00fck Ortado\u011fu Projesi\u2019nin (BOP) hedef \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131na katmas\u0131 bundand\u0131r. Esasen BOP, ABD\u2019nin hidro-karbon yataklar\u0131n\u0131 avantajl\u0131, yani ucuz ve kesintisiz kullan\u0131m\u0131yla tahsiste belirleyici olmas\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011fu enerji tedarik\u00e7isi 23 hedef \u00fclkenin, mamul madde ithaline tutsak iktisadi yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r[18]. T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ABD\u2019nin ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na hizmet etti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k olan bu projenin<\/strong>[19] 2004 tarihinden beri e\u015fba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yor olmas\u0131[20], 28 \u015eubat deneyiminin AKP\u2019lilere, iktidara gelmek ve de orada kalman\u0131n ABD ile iyi ili\u015fkiler kurmadan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir[21].<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok kom\u015fulu olmaktan kaynaklanan g\u00fcvenlik zafiyeti, stratejik boyutun ikinci par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u00fclkenin kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve niteli\u011fi ile g\u00fcvenli\u011fi aras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ba\u011f oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir[22]. \u00c7ok kom\u015fulu bir \u00fclkenin tehdit edilme, sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frama ve ayn\u0131 anda birden \u00e7ok cephede sava\u015fa girme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir. Halihaz\u0131rda sekiz \u00fclkeyle kara s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 bulunan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin: G\u00fcrcistan, (Nahcivan \u00fczerinden) Azerbaycan ve Bulgaristan d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kom\u015fular\u0131yla tarihsel veya \u00e7\u0131karsal sorunlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu sebeplerle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, Akdeniz\u2019de ya\u015famsal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 savunurken Yunanistan\u2019\u0131, Kafkaslarda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerle dostane ili\u015fkiler kurarken Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na almamas\u0131, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da etkin olurken \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n taraf\u0131 haline gelmemesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Son olarak ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fin \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi sacaya\u011f\u0131: \u0130ktisadi, sosyal ve askeri duruma de\u011finmek istiyorum. Gayri Safi Yurti\u00e7i Milli Has\u0131la ba\u011flam\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f 20 \u00fclkesi (G20) i\u00e7inde say\u0131lan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, Rusya Federasyonu d\u0131\u015far\u0131da tutuldu\u011funda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131nc\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisidir ama bu \u00fclkede n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 30\u2019unun hala tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131; son y\u0131llarda hem tar\u0131m, hem de hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kta ithalat\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131; i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131; i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n be\u015f milyona dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131, gelir dengesinin giderek bozuldu\u011fu ve s\u0131cak paraya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zetle T\u00fcrkiye, iktisaden sorunlu bir \u00fclkedir.<\/p>\n

Yurtta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk-K\u00fcrt; sol-sa\u011f; laik-anti laik; ilerici-gerici; asker-sivil; demokrat-cumhuriyet\u00e7i ve S\u00fcnni-Alevi gibi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar \u00fczerinden kolayl\u0131kla kan d\u00f6kebildi\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, toplumsal dayan\u0131\u015fma ve b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme ruhu son derece k\u0131r\u0131lgand\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmeti kuran siyasal partiler, devleti bu kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n bir taraf\u0131nda yurtta\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 konumlayabilmekte ve Gezi Park\u0131 olaylar\u0131ndan hat\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere onlara k\u0131ymaktan \u00e7ekinmeyebilmektedir[23].<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019den sonra NATO\u2019nun en kalabal\u0131k ordusu olan T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri (TSK): Elektronik sava\u015f ara\u00e7lar\u0131, yedek par\u00e7a ve m\u00fchimmat bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Bat\u0131\u2019ya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. AKP\u2019nin s\u0131k\u00e7a dillendirdi\u011fi \u201caskeri vesayetten kurtulma\u201d ve \u201cileri demokrasi\u201d s\u00f6ylemiyle e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan: \u201cErgenekon\u201d, \u201cBalyoz\u201d ve \u201cEldiven\u201d gibi davalar nedeniyle TSK moral, teknik personel ve emir-komuta ba\u011flam\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015famaktad\u0131r[24]. Bu durumun d\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 ve cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00f6rp\u00fcledi\u011fi ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

De\u011ferli yaln\u0131zl\u0131k m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Ahmet Davuto\u011flu’nun T\u00fcrkiye’nin uluslararas\u0131 sistemdeki yerine ili\u015fkin ak\u0131ld\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesi, Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n devam\u0131 bir imparatorlu\u011fa duyulan \u00f6zlem ile T\u00fcrkiye’ye bi\u00e7ilmi\u015f k\u00fcresel bir liderlik rol\u00fcn\u00fc dillendirmektir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bulundu\u011fu co\u011frafya, kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n niceli\u011fi ve niteli\u011fi ile ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sacaya\u011f\u0131ndaki aksamalar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00f6ncelikle uluslararas\u0131 siyasal sistemin yap\u0131s\u0131na uyumlu pozisyonlar almas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. B\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7 kategorisine giren T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti bu ba\u011flamda: \u0130ki sava\u015f aras\u0131nda (1923\u20131939), \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda (1939\u20131945) ve 1960\u2019tan 1980\u2019e \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc; di\u011fer d\u00f6nemlerde ise, Bat\u0131 eksenli bir d\u0131\u015f politika izlemi\u015ftir. \u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kurdu\u011fu denge T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00f6zerk yaparken, denge kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ABD ve AB\u2019ye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelinmi\u015ftir[25]. \u0130kinci olarak T\u00fcrkiye, g\u00fcvenlik ikilemlerinden kaynaklanan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131\u00e7izgilerine sad\u0131k kalmal\u0131d\u0131r ki, aksi durumda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7 yaln\u0131zl\u0131k olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin izledi\u011fi Suriye politikas\u0131, bu ba\u011flamda olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6rnektir. Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politika ba\u015fdan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 ve Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k M\u00fcste\u015far Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 \u0130brahim Kal\u0131n, A\u011fustos sonunda T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 tarif ederken, \u201cde\u011ferli yaln\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131[26]. Ne yaz\u0131k ki T\u00fcrkiye, Ortado\u011fu f\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndaki yerini hakk\u0131yla okuyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan olmak yerine, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n taraf\u0131 olmu\u015ftur[27]. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131\u00e7izgilerinden ikisini, \u00fcstelik ayn\u0131 anda a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunun nedeni, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Ahmet Davuto\u011flu\u2019nun, Stratejik Derinlik<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin uluslararas\u0131 sistemdeki yerine ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmesinin ak\u0131l d\u0131\u015f\u0131 (irrasyonel) olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cReelpolitik\u201d, \u00fclkelerin g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 bir d\u0131\u015f politika izlemeleri gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylerken; s\u00f6z konusu kitap, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n devam\u0131 bir imparatorlu\u011fa duyulan \u00f6zlem ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye bi\u00e7ilmi\u015f k\u00fcresel bir liderlik rol\u00fcn\u00fc dillendirilmektedir. Yeri gelmi\u015fken ayn\u0131 kitaptaki, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yak\u0131n \u00e7evresine bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yans\u0131mas\u0131 olan \u201ckom\u015fularla s\u0131f\u0131r sorun\u201d politikas\u0131n\u0131n, The Economist<\/em>\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u201cs\u0131f\u0131r noktas\u0131nda\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekir. On birinci y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcren AKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131n kavga etmedi\u011fi tek kom\u015fu, Bulgaristan olmu\u015ftur[28].<\/p>\n

Libya, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye\u2019de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler veya onlarla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 gruplara destek verilmesi; ABD\u2019nin Rusya ile Suriye konusunda diplomatik se\u00e7enek \u00fczerinde anla\u015fmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi uluslararas\u0131 politikada devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k bireyler i\u00e7in bazen bir gereklilik olabilir, ancak devletler i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir gereklilik s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201cde\u011ferli\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n tamlanan\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu zavall\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rtmez\/\u00f6rtemez. Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Suriye muhalefetine destek vermesi ikinci e\u011filimin a\u00e7\u0131k ihlalidir ki, bu sapma ilk kez AKP iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] Nuri Bilgin, \u201cCumhuriyeti Anlamak\u201d, Cumhuriyet<\/em>, \u0130zmir, 2004, s. 2 ve 5.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[2] Engin Berber, \u201cAtat\u00fcrk D\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrk D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131n\u0131n Genel De\u011ferlendirmesi\u201d, T\u00fcrk D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131 1919\u20132008<\/em>, Edit\u00f6r: Haydar \u00c7akmak, Ankara: Platin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2008, s.s. 104-119.<\/p>\n

[3] Bu ifade Prof. Dr. Taner Timur\u2019a aittir.<\/p>\n

[4] Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi<\/em>, 490.01\/580.2308.02 numarada kay\u0131tl\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu raporun, Vek\u00e2let\u00e7e bir bro\u015f\u00fcr olarak bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ahmet \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Esmer, Siyasi Tarih (1919\u20131939)<\/em>, Ankara, 1953, s. 190, dipnot 8\u2019den anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[5] Burada egemenlik, \u201cbir devletin \u00fclkesi i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131, nas\u0131l davranmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda ba\u015fka otorite\/otoritelerden buyruk almamas\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[6] Bask\u0131n Oran, \u201c1919\u20131923 Kurtulu\u015f Y\u0131llar\u0131\u201d, Bask\u0131n Oran (ed.), T\u00fcrk D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131 Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131ndan Bug\u00fcne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar<\/em>, Cilt 1, s. 106\u2019da bu madde: \u201cUlusal ve ekonomik geli\u015fmemize olanak do\u011fmas\u0131 ve daha \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenli bir y\u00f6netimle i\u015flerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini ba\u015farmak i\u00e7in, her devlet gibi bizim de geli\u015fmemiz ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe kavu\u015fmam\u0131z ana ilkesi varl\u0131k ve gelece\u011fimizin temelidir. Bu nedenle siyasal, yarg\u0131sal, mali geli\u015fmemizi \u00f6nleyici s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara kar\u015f\u0131y\u0131z…\u201d \u015feklinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[7] Yusuf Hikmet Bayur, T\u00fcrkiye Devletinin D\u0131\u015f Siyasas\u0131<\/em>, Ankara: T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, 1973, s. 150.<\/p>\n

[8] Apt\u00fclahat Ak\u015fin, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn D\u0131\u015f Politika \u0130lkeleri ve Diplomasi<\/em>, Ankara: T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, 1991, s. 125.<\/p>\n

[9] Kurtul Altu\u011f, \u201cAyakta Duran Adamlar\u201d, Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k<\/em>, 21 Haziran 2013.<\/p>\n

[10] Feridun Cemal Erkin, D\u0131\u015fi\u015flerinde 34 Y\u0131l An\u0131lar-Yorumlar<\/em>, 1. Cilt, Ankara, 1980, s. 83\u2019te, \u0130ngiltere 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir ittifak\u0131 gereksiz g\u00f6r\u00fcp reddetti\u011finde Mustafa Kemal, Ankara\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isine \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: H\u00fck\u00fcmetinize l\u00fctfen yaz\u0131n\u0131z Say\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i, bu cevaptan teess\u00fcr (\u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc) duydum, tehlike vard\u0131r, b\u00fcy\u00fcmektedir. Avrupa semalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kara bulutlar, her g\u00fcn daha ziyade yo\u011funla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Benim de\u011ferlendirmelerime g\u00f6re d\u00f6rt, be\u015f seneye varmayacak, \u0130talya ile Almanya birle\u015fip ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Harbi felaketini \u00e7\u0131karacaklar\u201d.<\/p>\n

[11] Oran, \u201cTDP\u2019nin Kuramsal \u00c7er\u00e7evesi\u201d, Bask\u0131n Oran (ed.), s. 25\u2019te, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcvenlik endi\u015feleri onu ittifaklar aramaya itmektedir\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011ferlendirilen bu duruma en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rnek, \u0130ngiltere ile silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girmekten endi\u015felenen kurucu kadronun, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 3\/2. maddesiyle T\u00fcrkiye-Irak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7izilmesi konusunda karar verme yetkisini, \u00fcye olunmam\u0131\u015f Milletler Cemiyeti Meclisi\u2019ne b\u0131rakmas\u0131yd\u0131 ki, orada \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin s\u00f6yledi\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

[12] Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u00f6ylev ve Deme\u00e7leri<\/em>, 3. Cilt, Toplayan: Nimet Arsan, Ankara, 1961, s. 69\u2019da, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in 1924 \u015eubat\u0131\u2019nda \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u011fi yazmaktad\u0131r: \u201cMedeniyete girmek arzu edip de, Garbe tevecc\u00fch etmemi\u015f (y\u00f6nelmemi\u015f) millet hangisidir?\u201d.<\/p>\n

[13] Berber, s.s. 243-244.<\/p>\n

[14] Fahir Armao\u011flu, Belgelerle T\u00fcrk Amerikan M\u00fcnasebetleri<\/em>, Ankara: T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, 1991, s.s. 168-181.<\/p>\n

[15] Haydar Tun\u00e7kanat, \u0130kili Anla\u015fmalar\u0131n \u0130\u00e7y\u00fcz\u00fc<\/em>, \u0130stanbul: Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2007.<\/p>\n

[16] D\u00fcnyada b\u00f6yle ba\u015fka bir kent yoktur. Bu sebeple 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019un Avrupa K\u00fclt\u00fcr Ba\u015fkenti ilan edilmesini, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de co\u015fkuyla kar\u015f\u0131layanlar\u0131 yad\u0131rgam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l (Essen ve Pe\u00e7) ve \u00f6nceki y\u0131l Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr ba\u015fkenti ilan edilen kentlerle \u0130stanbul aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131klet fark\u0131 inan\u0131lmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

[17] http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/ekonomi\/12780046.asp adresli sitede, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00fcnya bor rezervlerinin y\u00fczde 72\u2019sine sahip ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr 650 ton alt\u0131n rezervi ile d\u00fcnya ikincisi oldu\u011fu okunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[18] Engin Berber, \u201cDo\u011fu Sorunu\u2019ndan Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya Bakmak\u201d, Egepolitik<\/em>, 13 Ekim 2013.<\/p>\n

[19] Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. Altu\u011f G\u00fcnal, \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Ortado\u011fu Projesi ve T\u00fcrkiye\u201d, Ege Akademik Bak\u0131\u015f<\/em>, 4 (1), 2004, s.s. 156-164.<\/p>\n

[20]http:\/\/www.ulusalkanal.com.tr\/gundem\/yol-arkadasi-acikladi-erdogan-ne-zaman-bop-esbaskani-oldu-h6093.html<\/p>\n

[21] Tayip Erdo\u011fan ve Abdullah G\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn, AKP\u2019nin h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurdu\u011fu 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ve sonra, ABD y\u00f6neticileri ve ABD\u2019deki Yahudi lobisi ile olan ili\u015fkileri konusunda bkz. \u0130lhan Uzgel, \u201cAKP: Neoliberal D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn Yeni Akt\u00f6r\u00fc\u201d, AKP Kitab\u0131 Bir D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn Bilan\u00e7osu<\/em>, \u0130lhan Uzgel-B\u00fclent Duru (Dr.), Ankara: Phoneix Yay\u0131nevi, 2010, s.s. 16-20.<\/p>\n

[22] Oran, \u201cTDP\u2019nin Kuramsal \u00c7er\u00e7evesi\u201d, Bask\u0131n Oran (ed.), s. 28.<\/p>\n

[23] \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 23 Haziran 2013 tarihli a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re 6 sivil yurtta\u015f \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, 8163\u2019\u00fc yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

[24] http:\/\/www.internethaber.com adresindeki bir haberden, son iki ayda<\/strong> TSK\u2019den 710 subay, 1308 astsubay\u0131n emeklilik ve istifa etmek suretiyle ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenilmektedir (Eri\u015fim: 4 Kas\u0131m 2013). http:\/\/www.ntvmsnbc.com\/id\/25458279\/ adresindeki sitede, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda<\/strong> T\u00fcrk Hava Kuvvetleri\u2019nden 110 pilotun istifa etti\u011fi okunmaktad\u0131r (Eri\u015fim: 11 Kas\u0131m 2013).<\/p>\n

[25] Devletin \u00f6zerkli\u011fi konusunda bkz. www.baskinoran.com\/konferans\/MAAybar-UlusalBagimsizlik.rtf\u200e<\/p>\n

[26] http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/planet\/24553602.asp<\/p>\n

[27] Y\u00fccel Bozda\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu, \u201c\u015eimdi Ne De\u011fi\u015fti\u201d, Da\u011farc\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye 2012<\/em>, \u0130zmir: 2010, s.s. 47-48.<\/p>\n

[28] Sol<\/em>, 9 Kas\u0131m 2013 ve \u201cBir Tek Bulgarlarla Kavga Edemedi\u201d, Sol<\/em>, 15 Ekim 2013.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Libya, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye\u2019de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler veya onlarla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 gruplara destek verilmesi; ABD\u2019nin Rusya ile Suriye konusunda diplomatik se\u00e7enek \u00fczerinde anla\u015fmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi uluslararas\u0131 politikada devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k bireyler i\u00e7in bazen bir gereklilik olabilir, ancak devletler i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir gereklilik s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201cde\u011ferli\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n tamlanan\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":575,"featured_media":23938,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[156,218],"tags":[548,604,2951,2950,2952],"class_list":["post-23937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-119-sayi","category-sosyoloji","tag-akp","tag-cumhuriyet","tag-davutoglu","tag-dis-politika","tag-erdogan"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/575"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23937"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23937\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23938"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}