{"id":24040,"date":"2018-04-29T10:23:43","date_gmt":"2018-04-29T07:23:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=24040"},"modified":"2023-08-18T09:09:23","modified_gmt":"2023-08-18T06:09:23","slug":"dogal-secilim-rastlantisal-bir-surec-midir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/04\/29\/dogal-secilim-rastlantisal-bir-surec-midir","title":{"rendered":"Do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim rastlant\u0131sal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 midir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iddias\u0131: <\/strong>Do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim rastlant\u0131sal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bilimin yan\u0131t\u0131: Do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim rastlant\u0131sal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 de\u011fildir<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cDo\u011fal se\u00e7ilim k\u00f6r tesad\u00fcflere dayanan, rastlant\u0131sal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Oysa, olas\u0131l\u0131k hesab\u0131n\u0131n ilkeleri, ya\u015fam\u0131n rastlant\u0131sal olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir DNA molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 1\/ 10600 <\/sup>ise, bu kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131k nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir?\u201d<\/p>\n

Evrim kuram\u0131, canl\u0131lar\u0131n temel niteli\u011fi olan DNA gibi dev molek\u00fcllerin t\u00fcm\u00fcyle birdenbire ve rastlant\u0131 sonunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle, birdenbire olu\u015fumla ilgili olarak verilen olas\u0131l\u0131k hesaplar\u0131 ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/p>\n

Bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 rastlant\u0131sal oldu\u011funda, farkl\u0131 olanaklar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme ihtimalleri neredeyse ayn\u0131 olur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, adil bir piyango \u00e7ekili\u015finde her biletin kazanma \u015fans\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan, farkl\u0131 olanaklar e\u015fitsiz bir olas\u0131l\u0131k da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde, s\u00fcre\u00e7 rastlant\u0131sal olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar. Sigara i\u00e7er, ya\u011fl\u0131 beslenir ve spor yapmazsam ve siz tam tersini yaparsan\u0131z, benim uzun bir \u00f6m\u00fcr s\u00fcrme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m sizinkine g\u00f6re azalabilir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda kimin \u00f6l\u00fcp kimin ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131 rastlant\u0131sal olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar. Rastlant\u0131sall\u0131\u011f\u0131n evrim kuram\u0131ndaki yerini a\u00e7\u0131klayan hipotezler de vard\u0131r. Ancak do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim e\u015fitsiz olas\u0131l\u0131klarla ilgilidir, bu nedenle rastlant\u0131sal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar, zaman zaman \u201crastlant\u0131sal\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim i\u00e7in, bir araba mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda esen hortum benzetmesini kullan\u0131rlar. Hortum, hurda par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 \u201crastlant\u0131sal\u201d olarak yeniden d\u00fczenler. S\u00f6z konusu \u201crastlant\u0131sal\u201d eylemden bir araba ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerler: Onlara g\u00f6re do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim, \u201crastlant\u0131sal\u201d oldu\u011fundan d\u00fczensizlikten d\u00fczen yaratamaz.<\/p>\n

\u0130ddiadaki gibi, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imine matematiksel kesinli\u011fi varm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc vermek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Araba mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki par\u00e7alar\u0131n milyarlarca bi\u00e7imde bir araya getirilebilecekleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, bunlardan sadece \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcr bir araba olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu nedenle hortumun b\u00f6yle bir sonuca g\u00f6t\u00fcremeyece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek olduk\u00e7a risksiz bir iddiad\u0131r. Bu sav\u0131n yukar\u0131da bahsedilen \u201crastlant\u0131sall\u0131k\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 hemen fark edilecektir. \u0130ma edilen, her d\u00fczenleni\u015fin di\u011ferleri kadar olas\u0131 oldu\u011fudur. Ve bu varsay\u0131m \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ula\u015f\u0131lan sonu\u00e7 do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u00d6te yandan do\u011fal se\u00e7ilimi her sonuca ayn\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131kta ula\u015fabilen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6rmek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hatad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekte, kendi i\u00e7inde dengeli ve tutarl\u0131 basamaklar ad\u0131m ad\u0131m karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015fan molek\u00fclleri uzun bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde meydana getirmi\u015ftir. Evrimin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00fcc\u00fc, kal\u0131tsal molek\u00fcllerdeki rastlant\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fimler ve bunlar\u0131 etkileyen do\u011fal se\u00e7ilimdir. Biyolojik \u00f6nemi olan molek\u00fcller \u015fans eseri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kamazlar. Kinetik ve termodinamik kararl\u0131l\u0131k, kimi y\u00fczeylere tutunabilme, kendini kopyalayabilme gibi \u00f6zel niteliklere sahip olanlar do\u011fal olarak se\u00e7ilirler ve arada ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck rastlant\u0131lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, karma\u015f\u0131k organik molek\u00fcller, bulunduklar\u0131 ortama egemen olurlar.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ko\u015fullara ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc uyum g\u00f6stermi\u015f t\u00fcrlerin var olu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n nedenidir. B\u00f6ylece, b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrlerin \u00fcyeleri, evrimin mekanizmas\u0131na g\u00f6re yeni bir deneme say\u0131labilir. Do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim, canl\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, evrimin salt rastlant\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fmelerden ibaret bir olay olmamas\u0131n\u0131n da nedenidir. B\u00f6ylece uyum kuramayan \u201cyanl\u0131\u015flar\u201d silinir, \u201cdo\u011frular\u201d s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: <\/strong>Bu yan\u0131t,\u00a0<\/strong>Osman G\u00fcrel\u2019in Ya\u015fam\u0131n K\u00f6keni<\/em> (Pan Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, Ekim 1999) ve Elliott Sober\u2019in Philosophy of Biology <\/em>(Westview Pres, 2000) adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131ndan derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iddias\u0131: Do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim rastlant\u0131sal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir Bilimin yan\u0131t\u0131: Do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim rastlant\u0131sal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 de\u011fildir \u201cDo\u011fal se\u00e7ilim k\u00f6r tesad\u00fcflere dayanan, rastlant\u0131sal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Oysa, olas\u0131l\u0131k hesab\u0131n\u0131n ilkeleri, ya\u015fam\u0131n rastlant\u0131sal olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir DNA molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 1\/ 10600 ise, bu kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131k nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir?\u201d Evrim kuram\u0131, canl\u0131lar\u0131n temel niteli\u011fi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":24042,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,32],"tags":[272,1637,200,2979,2978],"class_list":["post-24040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biyoloji","category-evrim","tag-dna","tag-dogal-secilim","tag-evrim","tag-evrimin-motoru","tag-rastlantisallik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t