{"id":24955,"date":"2014-10-01T15:18:41","date_gmt":"2014-10-01T12:18:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=24955"},"modified":"2018-05-09T16:18:25","modified_gmt":"2018-05-09T13:18:25","slug":"turkiyede-sanayi-proletaryasinin-agirligi-azaldi-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2014\/10\/01\/turkiyede-sanayi-proletaryasinin-agirligi-azaldi-mi","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sanayi proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azald\u0131 m\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ne durumda? Ne kadar i\u015f\u00e7i hangi sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor? Ekonomik ya\u015famdaki yeri ne? \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci i\u00e7erisindeki konumu de\u011fi\u015fti mi? \u00dcretken eme\u011fin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 nas\u0131l? \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 nerelerde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131yor? \u00dcretim s\u00fcrecinde meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fimlerin s\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin olu\u015fumuna etkisi nas\u0131l?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketinin yeniden canland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6neme giriyoruz. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda maden emek\u00e7ilerinin, ortas\u0131nda da kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin y\u00fckseltmi\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi bir e\u011filim olarak AKP\u2019nin ilk d\u00f6neminde gerileme d\u00f6nemine girmi\u015fti. AKP\u2019nin ikinci d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan toplumsal uyan\u0131\u015fla birlikte, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinde de yeni bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n i\u015faretleri her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn art\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu durumu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n derledi\u011fi grev ve lokavt istatistiklerinden izlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na i\u015faret etti\u011fimiz s\u0131n\u0131f hareketi 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara nazaran belli de\u011fi\u015fimler arz etmektedir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin bile\u015fiminde yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ciddi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlere ba\u011flamakta bir mahzur yoktur. 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda olan\u0131n aksine, AKP\u2019nin son d\u00f6neminde kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin m\u00fccadelesinde dramatik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6zlemlenirken \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen grev say\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemli art\u0131\u015flara \u015fahit olunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Tablo 1.Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f y\u0131llara g\u00f6re grev istatistikleri Kaynak:\u00c7SGB<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tablo-1\u2019de, otuz y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin y\u00fckseldi\u011fi y\u0131llarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen grev istatistikleri veriliyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n eylemlerini yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rleri g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 1987, 1995 ve 2007 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7tik.<\/p>\n

Buna g\u00f6re, 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kan emek\u00e7iler ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck grevlerini \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00f6rg\u00fctlerken, giderek eylemlerini sendikal m\u00fccadelenin yasakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne kayd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve bu alanda ciddi kazan\u0131mlar elde etmi\u015flerdir. Daha sonra konjonkt\u00fcrel bir gerileme d\u00f6nemine giren i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu y\u0131lda \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rdeki grevlerin 1,34 milyon saatlik i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etmek yeterli olacakt\u0131r. Bu i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc kayb\u0131n\u0131n 1,1 milyonluk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Telekom i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin 768 i\u015fyerinde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 grev karar\u0131 sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da not edelim.<\/p>\n

AKP\u2019li y\u0131llarda kamu elindeki b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmeler \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re pe\u015fke\u015f \u00e7ekilirken bu i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesine de yans\u0131yor. 2009, 2011 ve 2012 y\u0131llar\u0131nda kamu emek\u00e7ileri hi\u00e7 grev \u00f6rg\u00fctlemezken, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde yakla\u015f\u0131k 16.500 emek\u00e7i greve \u00e7\u0131karak kapitalistlere yuvarlak hesap 300 bin saatlik i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fcne mal oldular.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketi yeniden filizleniyor. Peki, bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ne durumda? Ne kadar i\u015f\u00e7i hangi sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor? Ekonomik ya\u015famdaki yeri ne? \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci i\u00e7erisindeki konumu de\u011fi\u015fti mi? \u00dcretken eme\u011fin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 nas\u0131l? \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 nerelerde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131yor? \u00dcretim s\u00fcrecinde meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fimlerin s\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin olu\u015fumuna etkisi nas\u0131l? Bu yaz\u0131da bu ve benzer sorulara \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

S\u0131na\u00ee \u00fcretim<\/strong><\/p>\n

Marksist s\u0131n\u0131f tahlilinin merkezinde modern sanayi proletaryas\u0131 yatar. Biz de incelememize imalat sanayi analiziyle ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de imalat sanayinin milli gelir olu\u015fumuna katk\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmek gerekir. \u0130malat sanayinin milli gelirdeki pay\u0131 cari fiyatlarla son on be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131r gerileme kaydetmektedir. Ancak bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn cari fiyatlarla ve g\u00f6reli oldu\u011funu vurgulayal\u0131m. Zira sabit fiyatlarla imalat sanayi \u00fcretimi % 77,4 artarak 1998\u2019de 16,5 milyar TL\u2019den 2013\u2019te 29,4 milyar TL\u2019ye y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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Tablo 2.T\u00fcrkiye’de imalat Sanayii. Kaynak:T\u00dc\u0130K<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tablo-2 sabit fiyatlarla milli gelirin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Buna g\u00f6re, milli gelirin yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte biri imalat sanayi taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla imalat sanayisindeki son on be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k gerileme mutlak de\u011fil g\u00f6relidir. \u0130malat sanayisindeki fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlerin gerisinde kalm\u0131\u015f olsa bile mutlak \u00fcretim hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcme kaydetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck resmi g\u00f6rmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan milli gelire katk\u0131 yapan di\u011fer belli ba\u015fl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerin paylar\u0131n\u0131 da vermek gerekir. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda sabit fiyatlarla milli gelirden tar\u0131m\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay % 9,3 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. AKP\u2019li y\u0131llarda en \u00e7ok kan d\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc sekt\u00f6r haline gelen in\u015faat\u0131n gayr\u0131 safi h\u00e2s\u0131ladaki pay\u0131 ise, betonperverlerin b\u00fcy\u00fcme s\u00f6ylemlerinin aksine sadece % 5,9\u2019dur. Ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve haberle\u015fme sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn pay\u0131 % 12,3; toptan ve perakende ticaretin pay\u0131 % 12,7; finans ve sigorta faaliyetlerinin pay\u0131 % 12,7; dolayl\u0131 olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen mali arac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemlerinin pay\u0131 da % 8,9\u2019dur.<\/p>\n

Bu istatistiklerden iki \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karabiliriz. Birincisi, AKP\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k % 45\u2019inin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fc imalat sanayinin ancak d\u00f6rtte biri kadard\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer deyi\u015fle, ayn\u0131 miktarda emek ve sermaye imalat sanayi ile in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; sanayideki yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n milli gelire katk\u0131s\u0131 in\u015faattakine k\u0131yasla d\u00f6rt kat daha fazla olacakt\u0131r. Ekonomide kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hacim dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin motoru h\u00e2l\u00e2 imalat sanayidir. Dahas\u0131 \u00fcretkenlik seviyesinin y\u00fckselmesi ancak imalat sanayisine yap\u0131lacak makine ve ekipman yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla AKP\u2019nin ekonomiyi in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcyle b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ger\u00e7ek-d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek ise AKP diktatoryas\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal kaynaklar\u0131 verimsiz alanlarda istihdam etmi\u015f oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci sonu\u00e7 ise, imalat sanayinin, post-end\u00fcstriyel toplum s\u00f6ylemlerinin aksine, h\u00e2l\u00e2 ekonominin lokomotifi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini korudu\u011fudur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc imalat sanayinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00fcretim, ola\u011fan ko\u015fullarda; mallar\u0131n nakliyesi i\u00e7in ula\u015ft\u0131rma sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne, mallar\u0131n dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in toptan ve perakende ticaret sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne, yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n finansman\u0131 i\u00e7in de mali arac\u0131 kurumlar kesimine talep yarat\u0131r. S\u0131na\u00ee \u00fcretim art\u0131\u015f\u0131, hizmet kesimine d\u00f6n\u00fck talebi kam\u00e7\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00f6zlemleri toplam i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7inde imalat sanayi i\u015fletmelerinin durumunu g\u00f6steren istatistiklerle de teyit etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u0130malat sanayi i\u015fletmelerinin toplam i\u015fletmeler aras\u0131ndaki pay\u0131 yaln\u0131zca % 12,9 iken, istihdam\u0131n % 31,7\u2019si, fakt\u00f6r maliyetleriyle katma de\u011ferin % 36\u2019s\u0131 bu sekt\u00f6rde yarat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu istatistikler imalat sanayi proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci i\u00e7erisindeki merkezi konumunu korudu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Peki, ekonominin kalbinde yer alan imalat sanayi \u00fcretimi ne durumdad\u0131r? S\u0131na\u00ee \u00fcr\u00fcnler teknolojik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlere g\u00f6re nas\u0131l da\u011f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r? Bunun imalat sanayi proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclme derecesiyle ilgisi nedir? (Bkz. Tablo-3)<\/p>\n

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Tablo 3.T\u00fcrkiye’de \u0130malat \u00dcretiminin Teknolojik Da\u011fi\u0131l\u0131m\u0131. Kaynak: Kalk\u0131nma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de imalat sanayi \u00fcretiminde y\u00fcksek teknolojili \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin pay\u0131 olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckken orta teknolojili \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin pay\u0131nda bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir. Burada otomotiv ve elektrikli makine \u00fcreten sanayilerde son y\u0131llarda ya\u015fanan art\u0131\u015flar etkili olmu\u015ftur. Ancak ortan\u0131n alt\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck teknolojili \u00fcr\u00fcnler 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda imalat sanayi \u00fcretiminin h\u00e2l\u00e2 yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 70\u2019ini te\u015fkil etmektedir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve ortan\u0131n alt\u0131 teknolojili \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin toplam imalat sanayi ihracat\u0131ndaki pay\u0131 2012\u2019de y\u00fczde 65\u2019tir.<\/p>\n

Bunun anlam\u0131 \u015fu: Teknoloji yo\u011funlu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve ortan\u0131n alt\u0131 olan mallara d\u00f6n\u00fck talep, fiyattaki de\u011fi\u015fimlere daha duyarl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bu mallar\u0131 \u00fcreten i\u015fletmelerde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretle rekabette ayakta kalma e\u011filimi daha kuvvetlidir. Daha teknik bir ifadeyle, teknolojik yo\u011funlu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve ortan\u0131n alt\u0131 olan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde talep esnekli\u011fi y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fundan, emek maliyetlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi fiyat rekabeti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan elzemdir. Bu da imalat sanayi proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k-de\u011fer s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130hracata dayal\u0131 kalk\u0131nma senaryolar\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fte bu s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130malat sanayisinin ekonomideki yerini belirledikten ve s\u0131na\u00ee \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin teknolojik yo\u011funluk esas\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdikten sonra \u00fcretken eme\u011fin istihdam\u0131na ili\u015fkin verilere bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\u00dcretken eme\u011fin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de istihdam\u0131n sekt\u00f6rel da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin en geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 istatistiklerle ba\u015flayal\u0131m (Tablo-4). T\u00dc\u0130K verilerine g\u00f6re, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 25,5 milyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Tablo 4.T\u00fcrkiye’de \u0130stihdam\u0131n Sekt\u00f6rel Da\u011fl\u0131m\u0131, 2003 Kaynak: T\u00dc\u0130K<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bu istatistikler ham halleriyle \u00fcretken emek kategorisiyle ilgili bir ipucu sunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hizmetler sekt\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli say\u0131da \u00fcretken emek\u00e7i bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

De\u011fer teorisine g\u00f6re \u00fcretken emek, art\u0131k-de\u011fer yaratan emektir. Burada eme\u011fin niteli\u011fi \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir; \u00f6nemli olan emek faaliyetinin sonucunda de\u011fer yarat\u0131l\u0131p yarat\u0131lmamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, finans ve muhasebe departmanlar\u0131 \u015firket faaliyetlerinin d\u00fczenlenmesinde olduk\u00e7a gerekli ve yararl\u0131 bir i\u015fleve sahiptirler ancak bu departmanlardaki emek g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r ve de\u011fer \u00fcretmemektedir; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fcretken olmayan emektir.<\/p>\n

Ancak sermayenin d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7inde dola\u015f\u0131m s\u00fcrecinde yer alan emek\u00e7ilerin tamam\u0131 \u00fcretken olmayan emektir demek yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta aksi do\u011frudur. Metalar\u0131n nakliyesinde ve depolanmas\u0131nda yer alan emek\u00e7iler her ne kadar \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalsalar da de\u011fer yaratmaktad\u0131rlar. (1)<\/p>\n

Burada mant\u0131k, de\u011fer teorisine g\u00f6re i\u015flemektedir: E\u011fer bir metaya eri\u015fme olana\u011f\u0131m yoksa o metan\u0131n benim i\u00e7in kullan\u0131m de\u011feri yoktur. Kullan\u0131m-de\u011feri olmayan metan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fim de\u011feri de yoktur. Sermaye d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc dikkatlice incelendi\u011finde \u00fcretim a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n bitti\u011fi anla nihai t\u00fcketim aras\u0131nda hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda bu metalar\u0131n kullan\u0131m-de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in emek harcamak gerekir. Bu\u011fday depoda \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcrse kullan\u0131m-de\u011feri ile birlikte de\u011fi\u015fim de\u011feri de gider. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla metalar\u0131n kullan\u0131m de\u011ferini muhafaza eden emek de de\u011fer yaratan emektir.<\/p>\n

Bu durumu bir \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klayal\u0131m. De\u011fer yasas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan mant\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re \u00fcr\u00fcnleri marketteki raflara dizen emek\u00e7i de\u011fi\u015fim de\u011feri yarat\u0131r. Ancak o \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin de\u011ferini tahsil eden kasiyer \u00fcretken olmayan emektir. Ancak \u00fcretken emek ile ilgili s\u00f6ylediklerimiz, \u00fcretken olmayan emek\u00e7ilerin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmedikleri anlam\u0131na gelmemelidir. Bir kasiyerle, \u00fcr\u00fcnleri raflara dizen i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7o\u011funlukla ayn\u0131 \u00fccreti almakta, belki de rotasyonla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Dahas\u0131 kasiyerler de t\u0131pk\u0131 di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7iler gibi \u00fccretlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen i\u015f saatinin \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. O halde onlar da art\u0131k-emek icra etmektedirler ancak \u00f6nemli bir farkla: \u00dcretken olmayan emek\u00e7ilerin harcad\u0131klar\u0131 art\u0131k-emek, art\u0131k-de\u011fere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemektedir. Marx bu t\u00fcrden emek\u00e7ilere ticaret proletaryas\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 verir. (2)<\/p>\n

Bu teorik a\u00e7\u0131klamadan sonra a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir ki ula\u015ft\u0131rma-haberle\u015fme ve toptan-perakende ticaret kesiminde istihdam edilen emek\u00e7ilerin ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00fcretken emek\u00e7idir. T\u00dc\u0130K istatistiklerine g\u00f6re istihdam\u0131n % 31,7\u2019si imalat sanayinde, % 21,5\u2019i toptan ve perakende ticaret sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, % 11\u2019i in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, % 6,5\u2019i de ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve haberle\u015fme sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcretken emek kategorisine a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirdikten sonra bu kategorinin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturan imalat sanayi proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fsal durumunu inceleyelim.<\/p>\n

\u0130malat sanayi proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n durumu ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de imalat sanayi \u00fcretiminin b\u00f6lgesel da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir istatistikle ba\u015flayal\u0131m. SGK verilerine g\u00f6re, 2012\u2019de imalat sanayinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren firmalar\u0131n % 50,2\u2019si Marmara b\u00f6lgesinde faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lerlemeden \u00f6nce bir parantez a\u00e7makta yarar var. AKP iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u0130stanbul sermayesinin g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybetti\u011fi, Anadolu sermayesinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ve sonu d\u00fcped\u00fcz AKP\u2019cili\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kan s\u00f6zde \u201cs\u0131n\u0131f analizi\u201d bir ara sol i\u00e7erisinde al\u0131c\u0131 buluyordu. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin kayna\u011f\u0131 Birikim<\/em> dergisiydi. Buna g\u00f6re AKP, asker-sivil b\u00fcrokrasinin m\u00fcttefiki bat\u0131l\u0131 \u0130stanbul sermayesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cotantik Anadolu sermayesinin\u201d partisiydi ve AKP b\u00fcy\u00fck burjuvazinin imtiyazlar\u0131n\u0131 bir bir elinden al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Oysa imtiyazlar\u0131n\u0131 elinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Birikim<\/em> dergisince \u00f6v\u00fclen AKP iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u0130stanbul sermayesi \u00fclke \u00fczerindeki ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kat be kat artt\u0131rd\u0131. Kalk\u0131nma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda milli gelir 772,3 milyar dolar iken \u0130stanbul\u2019da gayr\u0131 safi b\u00f6lgesel h\u00e2s\u0131la 213,5 milyar dolard\u0131. Yani \u0130stanbul tek ba\u015f\u0131na milli gelirin d\u00f6rtte birinden daha fazlas\u0131na sahipken toplum n\u00fcfusun % 18\u2019ine ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f ticaret hacmi 181 milyar dolara ula\u015fan \u0130stanbul sermayesi, t\u00fcm banka kredilerinin y\u00fczde 43\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc, tasarruf mevduatlar\u0131n\u0131n da y\u00fczde 39\u2019unu kontrol ediyordu. Birikim<\/em> dergisi istedi\u011fi kadar karartmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fs\u0131n; AKP en b\u00fcy\u00fck burjuvazinin partisidir.<\/p>\n

Parantezi kapatal\u0131m ve devam edelim. T\u00dc\u0130K T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de imalat sanayi \u00fcretiminin b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131ndaki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u201cB\u00f6lgesel Gayr\u0131 Safi Katma De\u011fer\u201d istatistikleri ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor (Tablo-5). Bu verilere g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u0131nai katma de\u011ferin yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi sadece 6 iktisadi b\u00f6lgede yarat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130stanbul, Kocaeli ve Bursa\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7 iktisadi b\u00f6lge tek ba\u015f\u0131na s\u0131na\u00ee \u00fcretimin kabaca yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n

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Tablo 5.Sekt\u00f6rlere G\u00f6re B\u00f6lgelerin Paylar\u0131,2011 Kaynak:T\u00dc\u0130K<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019daki gayri safi gelirin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 75\u2019inin hizmetler kesiminden olu\u015ftu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulursa, sanayinin neden Kocaeli, Bursa ve Tekirda\u011f b\u00f6lgelerinin de i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu kuzey bat\u0131 Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131nda k\u00fcmelendi\u011fi sorusu anlam kazan\u0131r. Ulusal s\u0131na\u00ee katma de\u011ferin % 48,6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgedeki kapitalistler, \u0130stanbul gibi devasa b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki pazara yak\u0131n olman\u0131n avantaj\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

Dikkat edilecek olursa, s\u0131na\u00ee katma-de\u011fer \u00fcretimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilk be\u015fte yer alan bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n tar\u0131mdaki pay\u0131 sanayiye g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu modern sanayi proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcmelendi\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde tar\u0131msal ba\u011flar\u0131n zay\u0131flama e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, zaman\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u201ckendisi i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131f\u201d olmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen etmenlerden biri olarak g\u00f6sterilen sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin k\u00f6yle ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi olgusu bug\u00fcn anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. Daha a\u00e7\u0131k yazabiliriz: \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin yar\u0131-k\u00f6yl\u00fc olma vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kaybetmeleri, bir yandan onlar\u0131 kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye kar\u015f\u0131 daha \u00e7\u0131plak b\u0131rakmakta, di\u011fer yandan da s\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin maddi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 olgunla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131f siyaseti yapma iddias\u0131yla yola \u00e7\u0131kan bir politik \u00f6zne, bu co\u011frafyada etkin bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olma hedefini ajandas\u0131ndaki ilk sat\u0131ra yazmak durumundad\u0131r. Bu co\u011frafyada g\u00fc\u00e7 olan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kaderinde s\u00f6z sahibi olur.<\/p>\n

Devam edelim. S\u0131n\u0131f bilinci ve emek \u00fcretkenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli husus, imalat sanayi proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fletme b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerine g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r (Bkz. Tablo-6).<\/p>\n

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Tablo 6. \u0130\u015fletme B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerine G\u00f6re \u0130malat Sanayisinde Temel G\u00f6stergeler Kaynak: T\u00dc\u0130K<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130malat sanayisinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren firmalar\u0131n sadece % 0,4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc te\u015fkil eden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmeler toplam istihdam\u0131n % 34,3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamakta, toplam katma-de\u011ferin % 57,6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na yaratmaktad\u0131r. \u0130malat sanayisindeki toplam cironun % 54\u2019\u00fc bu i\u015fletmelere aittir. Bu dev i\u015fletmelerdeki emek verimlili\u011fi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmelerdeki verimlili\u011fin 4,3 kat\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler, verimlili\u011fi en y\u00fcksek emek\u00e7i grubudur. \u00dcretim s\u00fcrecindeki bu konumu nedeniyle, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sanayide istihdam edilen modern proletarya toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin merkezindedir.<\/p>\n

Modern sanayi i\u015f\u00e7isinin ekonomik ili\u015fkilerdeki bu merkezi konumunun s\u0131n\u0131f bilincine etkisi nas\u0131ld\u0131r? B\u00fcy\u00fck fabrikalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bilincine katk\u0131s\u0131 nedir? Bu sorular\u0131 daha felsefi planda \u015fu \u015fekilde form\u00fcle edebiliriz: Maddi varl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n bilinci belirledi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki materyalist ilke bug\u00fcn hangi anlama sahiptir?<\/p>\n

Bu sorulara uzatmadan yan\u0131t vermek gerekiyor: \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f bilincine sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n maddi temelleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sanayi taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Her iktisadi krizle birlikte, emek verimlili\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc iflas ederken ancak en y\u00fcksek \u00fcretkenlikte \u00fcretim yapan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmeler ayakta kalabilmektedir. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, her kriz, kapitalistlerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirmekte, sermaye giderek daha az say\u0131da kapitalistin elinde birikmektedir. \u00dcretimin giderek daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcnitelerde ve daha y\u00fcksek bir \u00fcretkenlik seviyesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi, sermaye birikiminin tarihsel e\u011filimidir ve bu da s\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin maddi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 yaratmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Daha da ileri gidebilir ve \u015funu iddia edebiliriz: Emek \u00fcretkenli\u011findeki her art\u0131\u015f, proletaryan\u0131n \u00fcretimden gelen g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131r\u0131rken onun toplumsal konumunu da daha ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bu noktay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in V. I. Lenin\u2019in Kanl\u0131 Pazar\u2019\u0131n 12. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130svi\u00e7reli gen\u00e7 devrimcilere verdi\u011fi \u201c1905 Devrimi \u00dczerine Ders\u201dten al\u0131nt\u0131lar yapmak gerekiyor. Daha \u00e7ok \u201cBizim ku\u015fak devrimi g\u00f6remeyebilir\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki saptamas\u0131yla bilinen bu konu\u015fmas\u0131nda Lenin, ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini ve tazeli\u011fini bug\u00fcn bile koruyan \u00e7ok de\u011ferli tezler ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Lenin \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015fl\u0131yor: \u201cRusya\u2019da -ve muhtemelen di\u011fer kapitalist \u00fclkelerde- metal sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ileri proletaryan\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fc m\u00fcfrezesidir.\u201d (3) 1905 y\u0131l\u0131na ait \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 istatistiklerle devam ediyor. Rusya\u2019daki b\u00fct\u00fcn sanayiler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, grevdeki i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131na oran\u0131 % 160 iken, metal sanayinde bu oran % 320. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, metal sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ileri, ortalaman\u0131n iki kat\u0131na ula\u015fan bir eylemlilik d\u00fczeyine sahip. 1905 devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda normal bir fabrika i\u015f\u00e7isi kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 grevler nedeniyle \u00fccretinden ortalama 10 ruble kaybetmi\u015fken, metal sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ilerinde bu mebla\u011f 30 rubledir. Bir di\u011fer deyi\u015fle, metal sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ileri m\u00fccadeleleri u\u011fruna \u00fccretlerinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 feda etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

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Lenin’e g\u00f6re iktisadi m\u00fccadelenin politik m\u00fccadeleye y\u00fckselmesi ancak devrimci ko\u015fullarda ve sadece i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n en geri kesimleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli say\u0131labilecek bir siyasal modeldir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Lenin bu durumu mercek alt\u0131na al\u0131r. Metal sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin durumunu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in onlar\u0131 tekstil i\u015f\u00e7ileriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u201cMetal sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ileri en iyi \u00fccreti alan, s\u0131n\u0131f bilinci en y\u00fcksek ve en e\u011fitimli i\u015f\u00e7ilerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r: 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda say\u0131ca metal i\u015f\u00e7ilerinden 2,5 kat daha kalabal\u0131k olan tekstil i\u015f\u00e7ileri ise Rusya\u2019daki en geri ve en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccreti alan i\u015f\u00e7i kesimidir ve bir\u00e7ok durumda k\u00f6ydeki akrabalar\u0131yla olan ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 hen\u00fcz nihai olarak kesmemi\u015flerdir. Bu bizi \u00f6nemli bir noktaya getirmektedir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Lenin bu noktay\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klar: 1905 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca metal sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi grevlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu politik grevlerdir ve 1905 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise politik grevlerin ekonomik grevlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc giderek daha ezici bir hal almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan tekstil i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi grevler ise, daha \u00e7ok ekonomik grevlerdir. Ancak 1905\u2019in sonlar\u0131na gelindi\u011finde politik grevlerin say\u0131s\u0131 ekonomik grevleri ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

Bilim adam\u0131 ve devrimci Lenin buradan politik sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r: \u201cA\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir ki, tek ba\u015f\u0131na ekonomik m\u00fccadele, ko\u015fullar\u0131n acilen ve do\u011frudan do\u011fruya iyile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadele, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen kitlelerin sadece en geri katmalar\u0131n\u0131 aya\u011fa kald\u0131rabilmekte, onlara ger\u00e7ek bir e\u011fitim vermekte ve -devrimci bir d\u00f6nemde- onlar\u0131 birka\u00e7 ay i\u00e7erisinde politik sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ordusuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmektedir.\u201d Bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 kaleme al\u0131rken Lenin\u2019in akl\u0131nda Ne Yapmal\u0131<\/em> isimli eserinde ekonomistlerle y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc polemik oldu\u011fundan ku\u015fku duymamak gerekir. Lenin\u2019in bu d\u00e2hice saptamas\u0131 ne kadar vurgulansa azd\u0131r; iktisadi m\u00fccadelenin politik m\u00fccadeleye y\u00fckselmesi ancak devrimci ko\u015fullarda ve sadece i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n en geri kesimleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli say\u0131labilecek bir siyasal modeldir.<\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde metal sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ileriyle tekstil i\u015f\u00e7ileri aras\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ayr\u0131mlardan bir tanesi, bu i\u015f\u00e7ilerin istihdam edildikleri i\u015fletmelerin \u00f6l\u00e7ekleri aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klard\u0131r. Tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fc az say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verimlili\u011fe sahip, da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k i\u015fletmelerden meydana gelirken metal sekt\u00f6r\u00fc y\u00fczlerce, hatta binlerce i\u015f\u00e7iyi bir araya getiren, y\u00fcksek verimlilikte faaliyet g\u00f6steren b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmelerden olu\u015fuyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin s\u0131n\u0131f bilincine yans\u0131mamas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir tekstil at\u00f6lyesi kurmak i\u00e7in gereken sermaye miktar\u0131 azd\u0131r; ufak bir yer kiralamak ve iki elin parmaklar\u0131 kadar diki\u015f makinesi sat\u0131n almak yeterlidir. Bu sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan nitelikli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin biraz tasarruf ederek, daha \u00e7ok da yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan bor\u00e7 bularak kendi at\u00f6lyesini a\u00e7mas\u0131 imk\u00e2n d\u00e2hilindedir. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak bu imk\u00e2n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7ilerde kendi i\u015fini kurma hayallerini devaml\u0131 olarak besler. \u00d6zetle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerde s\u0131n\u0131f atlama g\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fc daha y\u00fcksek, s\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin geli\u015fiminin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller ise daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Metal sanayisinde durum tam tersidir. Birka\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7inin bir araya gelerek irice ve tam rand\u0131manl\u0131 demir-\u00e7elik fabrikas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hayali kurmas\u0131na ger\u00e7ek hayatta pek rastlanmaz.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sermayenin merkezile\u015fmesi e\u011filimi, her krizde daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lenen bu e\u011filim, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 saflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin geli\u015fmesinin maddi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketinin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu alanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda metal sanayi ile birlikte metal i\u015fleyen sanayilerin gelmesi bu y\u00fczden \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rece geli\u015fkin bir otomotiv sanayiye ve ana metal sanayiye sahip \u00fclkemizde olduk\u00e7a ileri bir sanayi proletaryas\u0131 mevcuttur. Bu sanayilerin ithal ikamesi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n izlendi\u011fi tarihlerde kuruldu\u011funu varsayarsak, buralarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fc\u00e7 ku\u015fakt\u0131r i\u015f\u00e7i olduklar\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131r\u0131z. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, T\u00fcrkiye sanayi proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yaln\u0131zca i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7ocu\u011fu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015f\u00e7i torunudur. Bu da T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde s\u0131n\u0131f atlama hayallerinin geli\u015febilece\u011fi maddi ko\u015fullar\u0131n olduk\u00e7a k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin nesnel ko\u015fullar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Maddi ger\u00e7eklik i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n sosyalizme her zamankinden daha a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Ancak \u00f6znel ko\u015fullar\u0131n eksikli\u011fi bu muazzam potansiyelin harekete ge\u00e7mesini ertelemektedir. T\u00fcrkiye solu gerileme d\u00f6neminin yenik\u00e7i duygular\u0131n\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00fczerinden atamad\u0131. Sosyalist partiler s\u0131n\u0131f eksenli siyasetten uzakla\u015fmakta, \u00e7areyi i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki dinamiklerde aramaktad\u0131r. Oysa ki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n sosyalist siyasete, siyasetin ise i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131 devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizin gelece\u011fi i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 iktidar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dipnotlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Karl Marx, Capital II, Penguin Classics, translated by David Fernbach, London, 1992, s.215-6 ve 226-7.<\/p>\n

2) Karl Marx, Capital III, Penguin Classics, translated by David Fernbach, 1991, s.406, 407-8 ve 415.<\/p>\n

3) V. I. Lenin, \u201cLecture on the 1905 Revolution\u201d, www.marxists.org<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ne durumda? Ne kadar i\u015f\u00e7i hangi sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor? Ekonomik ya\u015famdaki yeri ne? \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci i\u00e7erisindeki konumu de\u011fi\u015fti mi? \u00dcretken eme\u011fin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 nas\u0131l? \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 nerelerde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131yor? \u00dcretim s\u00fcrecinde meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fimlerin s\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin olu\u015fumuna etkisi nas\u0131l? T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketinin yeniden canland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6neme giriyoruz. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda maden […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":185,"featured_media":24956,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[165,28,218],"tags":[720,3164,3163,3165,838],"class_list":["post-24955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-128-sayi","category-sosyal-bilimler","category-sosyoloji","tag-isci-sinifi","tag-lenin","tag-proletarya","tag-sinai-uretim","tag-turkiye"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t