{"id":25313,"date":"2015-02-02T21:10:08","date_gmt":"2015-02-02T19:10:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=25313"},"modified":"2018-05-13T21:14:48","modified_gmt":"2018-05-13T18:14:48","slug":"muz-bitti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2015\/02\/02\/muz-bitti","title":{"rendered":"Muz Bitti"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrk insan\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde y\u0131lda ortalama 5,5 kilogram muz yiyor. ABD ve AB \u00fclkeleri vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ise 3-4 kat daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye dahil d\u00fcnyada \u00fcretilen muzlar\u0131n y\u00fczde doksan dokuzu Cavendish. Meyvenin y\u00fczde yetmi\u015fi Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerinde \u00fcretiliyor ve 8,9 milyar dolar gelir getiriyor. Ama bir de d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 var: Tropical Race Four<\/em><\/p>\n

Ocak ay\u0131n\u0131n son Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc Manhattan ahalisi yine mant\u0131kla a\u00e7\u0131klanamayacak \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n bir g\u0131da al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f furyas\u0131na kap\u0131ld\u0131. Kar f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 Juno yakla\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Bill de Blasio \u2018tarihi\u2019 g\u00fc\u00e7te olabilece\u011fini duyurmu\u015ftu. Bebekli kad\u0131nlar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar, \u00e7ocuklular birbirlerini ezercesine raflara sald\u0131r\u0131yor, Noel ve y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 zaman\u0131n\u0131n efendilik kabuklar\u0131ndan \u00e7oktan s\u0131yr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, me\u015fhur \u201cNew Yorklu\u201d kimlikleri i\u00e7erisinde kabal\u0131kta zirve yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ben de yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 u\u011fultuda sadece b\u00f6l\u00fck p\u00f6r\u00e7\u00fck \u201cJuno\u201d, \u201cyar\u0131n\u201d, \u201cyokluk\u201d kelimelerini ay\u0131rt edebiliyor, ezilmemek i\u00e7in k\u0131vrak e\u011filme ve z\u0131plama hareketleri ile avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fclerimi \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6nleme reflekslerimle birle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordum. F\u0131rt\u0131na pani\u011finin ilk ve tek yoklu\u011funa meyve raflar\u0131nda rastlad\u0131m: Elma, portakal ve hatta bu mevsimde \u00e7ilek varken muz bitmi\u015fti!<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019liler muza o kadar d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn ki y\u0131ll\u0131k elma ve portakal t\u00fcketimlerinin toplam\u0131 bile yedikleri muz miktar\u0131 ile yar\u0131\u015fam\u0131yor. Oysa bu tropik meyvenin so\u011fuk Kuzey Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131nda \u00fcretilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Tevekkeli bizim markette bitenler de Ekvator\u2019dan geliyordu. \u00dclkemizde ise ba\u015fta Mersin olmak \u00fczere Antalya, Hatay ve Adana\u2019da muz \u00fcretiliyor. Ama yetmiyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de t\u00fcketilen muzlar\u0131n da yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi Latin Amerika\u2019dan. T\u00fcrk insan\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde y\u0131lda ortalama 5,5 kilogram muz yiyor. ABD ve AB \u00fclkeleri vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ise 3-4 kat daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in Bat\u0131ya hediyesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n Hindistan, \u00c7in ve G\u00fcney Asya ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n meyvesi muz ile tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 M\u00d6 327 civar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender sayesinde olmu\u015f. Pembe kabuklusundan turuncu meyvelisine kadar y\u00fczlerce \u00e7e\u015fidi var. Mesela \u00c7inlilerin g\u00fczel kokulu Gao San Heong muzunun anlam\u0131 \u201cYandaki da\u011fdan kokusunu alabilirsin\u201d. ABD\u2019ye ilk gelen ise Gros Michel (b\u00fcy\u00fck Michel) denilen tatl\u0131 ve \u00e7i\u011f yenebilen bir \u00e7e\u015fit.1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lorenzo Dow Baker isimli Cape Cod\u2019lu bir bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 teknesi kaptan\u0131, Karayiplerin Jamaika adas\u0131nda bu cinse rastlam\u0131\u015f. \u00c7o\u011fu muz t\u00fcr\u00fc fazla miktarda ni\u015fasta bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yemeden \u00f6nce pi\u015firmek gerekiyor. Ama b\u00fcy\u00fck Michel hem lezzetli, hem \u00e7i\u011f yenilebilir, hem gemiye hoppala usul\u00fc at\u0131labilir, hem de uzun s\u00fcre dayanabilir oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in idealmi\u015f. Kaptan Baker, ilk olarak Jersey City\u2019ye 160 salk\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fck Michel ithal etmi\u015f. Market sahipleri salk\u0131mlar\u0131 d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131na as\u0131p, m\u00fc\u015fterilerinin istedikleri say\u0131da muzu kesip sat\u0131yorlarm\u0131\u015f. Meyve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ABD\u2019yi etkisi alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f.1910 y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcketim y\u0131lda 40 milyon salk\u0131ma \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Yirmi y\u0131l i\u00e7inde kaptan Baker\u2019in kurdu\u011fu United Fruit \u2013bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc ismi ile Chiquita- \u015firketi o zaman\u0131n paras\u0131yla 200 milyon dolar\u0131n \u00fczerinde de\u011fer kazanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bilin\u00e7alt\u0131m\u0131za i\u015flenen muz sevgisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Her meyve ve sebze gibi elbette ki muz da \u00e7ok sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131. Doymu\u015f ya\u011f, kolesterol ve sodyumu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck. Lif, C vitamini, potasyum, manganez ve B6 vitamini a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin. Ama bu kadar \u00e7ok t\u00fcketilmesinde \u2018muz lobisinin\u2019 etkilerinin oldu\u011fu da muhakkak. Elma ve portakal\u0131n ABD\u2019de \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 oldu\u011fu zamanlarda United Fruit, muzu bir toplu t\u00fcketim maddesi olarak pazarlam\u0131\u015f. O, \u201cs\u0131radan insan\u0131n meyvesi\u201d olmu\u015f. Muz kabu\u011funa basma esprisinin d\u00f6nemin Buster Keaton ve Charlie Chaplin gibi me\u015fhur komedyenlerinin filmlerinde bile yer almas\u0131, pop\u00fclerli\u011finin bir g\u00f6stergesi.Ama United Fruit daha da ileri gitmi\u015f. \u00d6zellikle ev han\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 hedef alm\u0131\u015f. Maa\u015f ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0131p doktorlar\u0131 muz p\u00fcresinin ideal bebek mamas\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor, \u2018ev ekonomisi\u2019 kisvesi alt\u0131nda ders kitaplar\u0131nda muz resimleri yer al\u0131yormu\u015f. \u015eirketin kurdu\u011fu test mutfaklar\u0131nda az vakti olanlar i\u00e7in muzun ideal kahvalt\u0131 oldu\u011fu fikri geli\u015ftirildikten sonra bu fikir pazarlanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f. Kahvalt\u0131l\u0131k gevrek kutular\u0131na koyduklar\u0131 kuponlar sayesinde gevrek ve muz tarihte ilk defa bir arada an\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f!<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019liler gibi benim de kahvalt\u0131lar\u0131mda muz demirba\u015f. Sabahlar\u0131 yulaf\u0131 badem s\u00fct\u00fcnde pi\u015firiyor, \u00fczerine muz ekliyorum. Bir sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 beslenme belgeselinde (Engine 2 Kitchen Rescue) seyretti\u011fim bu bile\u015fimde her ka\u015f\u0131\u011fa bir muz par\u00e7as\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmesini garantilem<\/em>ek i\u00e7in meyveyi uzunlamas\u0131na d\u00f6rt par\u00e7aya kestikten sonra ayr\u0131ca enlemesine nas\u0131l dilimlemem gerekti\u011fini de madde madde \u00f6\u011frendim. Bu noktadan sonra art\u0131k geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f olamazd\u0131: kahvalt\u0131da alelacele elimle par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rmak yerine \u2018metodu\u2019 uygulay\u0131p he<\/em>r ka\u015f\u0131kta bir muz par\u00e7as\u0131 yiyerek g\u00fcne mutlulukla ba\u015fl\u0131yordum<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Latin Amerika\u2019y\u0131 saran ahtapot, United Fruit<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7ekirdeksiz b\u00fcy\u00fck Michel, end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131ma \u00f6zellikle uygun \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her meyve bir di\u011ferinin genetik kopyas\u0131: bitkiyi \u00e7o\u011faltmak i\u00e7in tek yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir dal\u0131n\u0131 kesip ba\u015fka bir yere dikmek. Tohum ve \u00e7e\u015fitlilik derdi yok. ABD\u2019lilerin muz a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in United Fruit k\u0131sa zamanda Latin Amerika\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda toprak sahibi olmu\u015f; ormanlar muz \u00e7iftliklerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Topra\u011f\u0131 en fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc alabilecek \u015fekilde i\u015fliyor, i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi azalt\u0131yor, kurduklar\u0131 demiryolu a\u011flar\u0131 sayesinde \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc uzaklara g\u00f6nderip ucuza sat\u0131yorlarm\u0131\u015f.1960\u2019lara gelindi\u011finde United Fruit hemen hemen yedi y\u00fcz milyon d\u00f6n\u00fcm araziyi elinde tutuyormu\u015f. Zamanla Latin Amerika muz pazar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde doksan\u0131na h\u00e2kim olmay\u0131 ba\u015faran \u015firket, \u201cEl Pulpo\u201d yani Ahtapot takma ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Muz Cumhuriyetleri ve Topraks\u0131zlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yazar Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez, Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em> kitab\u0131nda \u00fclkesi Kolombiya\u2019y\u0131 and\u0131ran Macondo isimli bir kurgu \u015fehri tasvir eder. Bat\u0131 emperyalizmini ve kapitalizmini temsil eden muz \u015firketleri, h\u00fck\u00fcmetle el ele verip yolsuzluk ve gaddarl\u0131\u011fa sebep olmakta, Macondo\u2019lular\u0131 bask\u0131 alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. Velhas\u0131l insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 protesto eden muz i\u015f\u00e7ileri greve gidince Macondo\u2019da s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edilir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin tepkisi \u00e7iftli\u011fe zarar vermek olur. Bunun \u00fczerine h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u015f\u00e7ileri uzla\u015fma amac\u0131 ile toplant\u0131ya davet eder. Asl\u0131nda bu bir oyundur; ordu saf saf toplanan i\u015f\u00e7ileri ku\u015fat\u0131r ve makineli t\u00fcfeklerle tarar; hemen hepsi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Cesetler bir trene konur ve denize at\u0131l\u0131r. Enteresan olan, k\u0131sa zamanda cinayetin b\u00fct\u00fcn izleri silinir, geriye kalan Macondo\u2019lular\u0131n hi\u00e7biri ne oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlamaz ve bu k\u0131r\u0131ma inanmaz. Ba\u015flayan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ya\u011fmurlar, cinayetlerin kalan izlerini de y\u0131kay\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u201cMuz cumhuriyeti\u201d terimi Latin Amerika\u2019daki \u00fcreticilerin zay\u0131f h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri boyunduruklar\u0131 almas\u0131n\u0131 simgeliyor. \u0130lk kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 yazar O Henry\u2019nin Lahanalar ve Krallar<\/em> isimli kitab\u0131nda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurgusal Anchuria Cumhuriyeti. Oysa ger\u00e7ek, kurgulardan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Tarihin ilk sahici muz cumhuriyeti Honduras. 1912\u2019de se\u00e7imle gelen h\u00fck\u00fcmet, muz t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n deste\u011fiyle darbe ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. \u00dclkenin politik dengeleri bozulmu\u015f, ekonomisi gerilemi\u015f ve d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131\u011f gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f. Bu zay\u0131f ortamda yabanc\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketler \u00fclkeyi ve insanlar\u0131n\u0131 daha kolayl\u0131kla y\u00f6netme f\u0131rsat\u0131 yakalam\u0131\u015f. Muz baronlar\u0131n\u0131n manip\u00fcle etti\u011fi kanunlarla topraks\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131lan b\u00f6lge halk\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maa\u015fla ve son derece k\u00f6t\u00fc ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda muz \u00e7iftliklerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flar.1954\u2019te ise Guatemala\u2019da se\u00e7imle gelen h\u00fck\u00fcmet yine muz baronlar\u0131 destekli bir darbe ile y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Kolombiya\u2019da grev yapan muz i\u015f\u00e7ileri M\u00e1rquez\u2019in roman\u0131ndaki gibi askerler taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131l\u0131p katledilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

K\u0131saca, b\u00fcy\u00fck Michel\u2019i keyifle yiyen ABD\u2019liler, \u00fcretip zengin olan ABD\u2019li \u015firketler iken, fakirlikten kurtulamayan tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve yok olan ormanlar Latin Amerika\u2019n\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Baronlar\u0131n tekelci \u00fcretim politikalar\u0131 hem Latin Amerika\u2019da hem de G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da geni\u015f sosyal problemlere yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f. Topraks\u0131z k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin durumu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de devam eden bir sorun. Gazeteci-yazar Metin Ye\u011fin, Topraks\u0131zlar<\/em> isimli kitab\u0131nda Brezilya\u2019l\u0131 topraks\u0131z k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin birle\u015ferek bu tarz politikalara kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l sava\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Panama\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kan muz hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmetler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren muz baronlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na eninde sonunda y\u0131kamayacaklar\u0131 bir kuvvet \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: do\u011fa. Asl\u0131nda genetik de diyebiliriz. Ormanlar\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile genetik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi yok edip milyonlarca hektar araziye birbirinin kopyas\u0131 bir meyve ekerseniz, o tek kopyay\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrebilen bir ha\u015fere, b\u00fct\u00fcn kopyalar\u0131 da \u00f6ld\u00fcrecektir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu bozuk dengeli tek \u00e7e\u015fitli do\u011fada \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir engel yoktur.<\/p>\n

Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerinin politik dengelerini bozup ha\u015fere gibi \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fcyen muz \u015firketlerinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na da ilk olarak 1927\u2019de Panama\u2019da Race One (yar\u0131\u015f bir) hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Fusarium oxysporum<\/em> mantar\u0131 ile bula\u015fan \u2018muz vebas\u0131\u2019, bitkileri k\u00f6kten \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyormu\u015f. B\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131ym\u0131\u015f. Kimyasal olarak yok edilmesi imkans\u0131zm\u0131\u015f. \u00c7iftlik aletleri, giysileri ve \u00e7izmelerle topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerleri kullan\u0131lamaz hale getiriyormu\u015f. Birbirinin genetik kopyas\u0131 olan b\u00fcy\u00fck Michel karde\u015fler, teker teker Race One hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalanm\u0131\u015f. Otuz y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde Latin Amerika\u2019daki bitkiler azalm\u0131\u015f ve end\u00fcstri 2,3 milyar dolar kaybetmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

1940\u2019larda Standard Fruit isimli rakip \u015firket, havlu at\u0131p Cavendish cinsi muz \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Bu meyve on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ngiliz bir gezgin taraf\u0131ndan G\u00fcney \u00c7in\u2019de bir bah\u00e7ede ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f. \u0130ngiltere\u2019de Devonshire d\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zel seras\u0131nda \u00fcretiliyormu\u015f. Race One\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda her a\u00e7\u0131dan B\u00fcy\u00fck Michel\u2019den daha kalitesizmi\u015f. Ba\u015fka hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 hassas oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek miktarda b\u00f6cek ilac\u0131 kullanmak gerekiyormu\u015f. Kolayca incindi\u011fi i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131ma \u00f6ncesi paketlenmesi \u015fartm\u0131\u015f; olgunla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bekletilmeliymi\u015f. ABD\u2019ye ula\u015fan ye\u015fil muzlar b\u00fcy\u00fck hangarlarda etilen gazi ile sarart\u0131l\u0131yormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Cavendish \u015fu anda uluslararas\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maya uygun tek muz \u00e7e\u015fidi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye dahil d\u00fcnyada \u00fcretilen muzlar\u0131n y\u00fczde doksan dokuzu Cavendish. Meyvenin y\u00fczde yetmi\u015fi Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerinde \u00fcretiliyor ve 8,9 milyar dolar gelir getiriyor. Ama bir de d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 var: Tropical Race Four (Tropik yar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6rt). Race Four, akrabas\u0131 Race One\u2019dan \u00e7ok daha \u00e7etin ceviz. Muzun anavatan\u0131 G\u00fcney Asya ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n genetik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde hayatta kalabilmek i\u00e7in evrim ge\u00e7irerek bilenmi\u015f. Yok edilmesi neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z. Sadece muzlara zarar veren bu mantar ilk 1980\u2019lerde Tayvan\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve \u00fclkenin Cavendish \u00e7iftliklerinin y\u00fczde yetmi\u015fini yok etmi\u015f. Daha sonra s\u0131ras\u0131yla Endonezya, Malezya \u00c7in ve Filipinleri vurmu\u015f. Yak\u0131n zamanda ise \u00dcrd\u00fcn ve Mozambik\u2019e s\u0131\u00e7ram\u0131\u015f. D\u00fcnya muzunun y\u00fczde yetmi\u015fini \u00fcreten Latin Amerika\u2019ya hen\u00fcz ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f; ama ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda\u2026 Muz ger\u00e7ekten bitti! (mi acaba? S\u0131rada muz end\u00fcstrisinin milyonlarca dolar ak\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f muz olabilir!)<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Turkiye Ziraat Odalar\u0131 Birli\u011fi Web Portal\u0131 (www.tzob.org.tr)<\/p>\n

– Gwynn Guilford. \u201cHow global banana industry is killing the world\u2019s favorite fruit.\u201d (K\u00fcresel muz end\u00fcstrisi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n favori meyvesini nas\u0131l \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor?), 3 Mart 2014, Dijital Quartz dergisi, http:\/\/qz.com<\/p>\n

– O. Henry. Cabbages and (Lahanalar ve Krallar),<\/em> 1904.<\/p>\n

– Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez, Cien A\u00f1os de Soledad<\/em> (Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k), <\/em>1984.<\/p>\n

– Mike Peed, \u201cWe have no bananas\u201d (Hi\u00e7 muzumuz yok),<\/em> 10 Ocak 2011, New Yorker<\/em> dergisi, http:\/\/www.newyorker.com<\/p>\n

– Metin Ye\u011fin, Topraks\u0131zlar, <\/em>2006, \u00a0\u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrk insan\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde y\u0131lda ortalama 5,5 kilogram muz yiyor. ABD ve AB \u00fclkeleri vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ise 3-4 kat daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye dahil d\u00fcnyada \u00fcretilen muzlar\u0131n y\u00fczde doksan dokuzu Cavendish. Meyvenin y\u00fczde yetmi\u015fi Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerinde \u00fcretiliyor ve 8,9 milyar dolar gelir getiriyor. Ama bir de d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 var: Tropical Race Four Ocak ay\u0131n\u0131n son Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":555,"featured_media":25314,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[169,744,38,510],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-132-sayi","category-bilumum-bilim","category-dergi-sayilari","category-surekli-bolumler"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/555"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25313"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25313\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}