{"id":25572,"date":"2014-05-01T16:27:23","date_gmt":"2014-05-01T13:27:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=25572"},"modified":"2018-05-15T16:30:14","modified_gmt":"2018-05-15T13:30:14","slug":"konusmaya-hazir-mi-doguyoruz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2014\/05\/01\/konusmaya-hazir-mi-doguyoruz","title":{"rendered":"Konu\u015fmaya haz\u0131r m\u0131 do\u011fuyoruz?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n, mant\u0131ksal bir hiyerar\u015fiye uyan ve do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen bir dil organizasyonuna sahip olduklar\u0131 belirlendi. Bu organizasyon, bilgisayar \u00e7eviri programlar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kelimeleri yan yana koymak gibi basit bir yap\u0131da de\u011fil; do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen ve \u201cevrensel gramer\u201d diyebilece\u011fimiz bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip. Bu konu ilk olarak yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce Noam Chomsky taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, dilbilimciler aras\u0131nda sert tart\u0131\u015fmalara neden olmu\u015ftu. E\u011fer do\u011frulu\u011fu kan\u0131tlan\u0131rsa, dil \u00f6\u011fretiminde farkl\u0131 yollar a\u00e7\u0131labilecek gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>Virginia Fairfax George Mason \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden dilbilimci Jennifer Culbertson ve meslekta\u015f\u0131 Londra Quenn Mary \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden David Adger yapay bir \u201c nanodil\u201d yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131. Yeni dilin bir par\u00e7a \u0130ngilizceye benzeyece\u011fi \u00f6nerisinden hareketle, \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc deneklere \u201cmavi ayakkab\u0131\u201d ve \u201ciki ayakkab\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde iki\u015fer kelime \u00f6be\u011fi verildi. Ve deneklere \u201ciki mavi ayakkab\u0131 ya da \u201cmavi iki ayakkab\u0131\u201d c\u00fcmlelerinden hangisini do\u011fru olarak se\u00e7eceklerini sordular.<\/p>\n<p>Benzerli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131p olan \u201ciki mavi ayakkab\u0131\u201dy\u0131 m\u0131 se\u00e7eceklerdi (ki \u0130ngilizcede genellikle iki maviden \u00f6nce s\u00f6ylenir); yoksa anlamsal hiyerar\u015fiyi izleyip maviyi ikinin \u00f6n\u00fcne koyup mavi iki ayakkab\u0131 m\u0131 diyeceklerdi? Zira mavi s\u0131fat\u0131 ismi daha s\u0131k\u0131 tamlamaktad\u0131r. Denekler, zaman\u0131n d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnde anlamsal hiyerar\u015fiye g\u00f6re se\u00e7im yapt\u0131lar. Gene, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u201cbunlar mavi ayakkab\u0131lar\u201d kelime \u00f6be\u011fini de; \u201cmavi ayakkab\u0131lar bunlar\u201d kelime \u00f6be\u011finden daha fazla se\u00e7tiler. G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler sadece kelimelerin s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 ters \u00e7evirmeyi \u00f6\u011frenmiyorlard\u0131, se\u00e7im yaparken bir i\u00e7sel hiyerar\u015fiye dan\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Maryland \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde dilbilimci olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Jeffry Lidz\u2019e g\u00f6re ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, beynimizin dili, kelimeleri olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k olarak koymaktan \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir yolla \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. Chomsky ise sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n \u201casl\u0131nda belirgin olan ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe\u201d bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck katk\u0131 daha yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu yorumunu yapt\u0131. Chomskiyen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye kat\u0131lmayanlar i\u00e7in \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7te epeyce b\u00fcy\u00fck bir m\u00fccadele gerekecek gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>Elbette sonu\u00e7lara kat\u0131lmayanlar da var. Priceton \u00dcniversitesin\u2019de dilbilimci Adele Goldberg, zihnimizin benzerlikler g\u00f6steren nesneleri bir arada alg\u0131lama gibi bir e\u011filimi oldu\u011funa vurgu yapt\u0131. S\u0131fat\u0131 ismin yan\u0131nda kullanma e\u011filimi de, b\u00f6yle bir reflekse i\u015faret ediyor olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Santiago Chile \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde n\u00f6robilimci David Gomez ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131 da yay\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131 olarak dilin do\u011fu\u015ftan olan y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. 24 bebe\u011fe kaydedilmi\u015f sa\u00e7ma heceler dinleterek o esnada olu\u015fan beyin kan ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fcler. Kan ak\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, \u201cblif\u201d gibi iyi titre\u015fimli kelimeler ve hecelerde, \u201cibif\u201d gibi nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck titre\u015fimli kelimelere g\u00f6re daha belirgin izlendi. Gomez\u2019e g\u00f6re bu sonu\u00e7lar, bebeklerin k\u0131sac\u0131k ya\u015fam tecr\u00fcbelerinde, kendileri hen\u00fcz heceleri telaffuz edemezken farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 alg\u0131lamalar\u0131n\u0131n tamamen titre\u015fime olan do\u011fumsal hassasl\u0131ktan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1) Bob Holmes, http:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/dn25334-born-to-chat-humans-may-have-innate-language-instinct.html#.U09odG1kYhB<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n, mant\u0131ksal bir hiyerar\u015fiye uyan ve do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen bir dil organizasyonuna sahip olduklar\u0131 belirlendi. Bu organizasyon, bilgisayar \u00e7eviri programlar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kelimeleri yan yana koymak gibi basit bir yap\u0131da de\u011fil; do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen ve \u201cevrensel gramer\u201d diyebilece\u011fimiz bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip. Bu konu ilk olarak yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce Noam Chomsky taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, dilbilimciler aras\u0131nda sert tart\u0131\u015fmalara [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":25573,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[160,19,38],"tags":[470,200,2060],"class_list":["post-25572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-123-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-dergi-sayilari","tag-cocuk","tag-evrim","tag-konusmak"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ebru Oktay\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2014\/05\/01\/konusmaya-hazir-mi-doguyoruz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.8\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bilim ve Gelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Konu\u015fmaya haz\u0131r m\u0131 do\u011fuyoruz? | Bilim ve Gelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2014\/05\/01\/konusmaya-hazir-mi-doguyoruz\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"fb:app_id\" content=\"2104805563100892\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"fb:admins\" content=\"1250955469\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Young-boy-by-mezhen-001.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Young-boy-by-mezhen-001.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-05-01T13:27:23+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-05-15T13:30:14+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bilimvegelecekdergisi\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@bilimvegelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Konu\u015fmaya haz\u0131r m\u0131 do\u011fuyoruz? | Bilim ve Gelecek\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Young-boy-by-mezhen-001.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/index.php\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/01\\\/konusmaya-hazir-mi-doguyoruz#article\",\"name\":\"Konu\\u015fmaya haz\\u0131r m\\u0131 do\\u011fuyoruz? | Bilim ve Gelecek\",\"headline\":\"Konu\\u015fmaya haz\\u0131r m\\u0131 do\\u011fuyoruz?\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/index.php\\\/author\\\/eoktay#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/Young-boy-by-mezhen-001.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":450},\"datePublished\":\"2014-05-01T16:27:23+03:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-05-15T16:30:14+03:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/index.php\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/01\\\/konusmaya-hazir-mi-doguyoruz#webpage\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\\\/index.php\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/01\\\/konusmaya-hazir-mi-doguyoruz#webpage\"},\"articleSection\":\"123. 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