{"id":25576,"date":"2014-05-01T16:31:22","date_gmt":"2014-05-01T13:31:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=25576"},"modified":"2018-09-21T23:05:26","modified_gmt":"2018-09-21T20:05:26","slug":"sualti-ve-deniz-arkeolojisinden-uc-yeni-haber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2014\/05\/01\/sualti-ve-deniz-arkeolojisinden-uc-yeni-haber","title":{"rendered":"Sualt\u0131 ve deniz arkeolojisinden \u00fc\u00e7 yeni haber"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130rlanda\u2019da 4500 y\u0131l \u00f6nceden kalma tekne<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130rlanda\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda Lough Corrib G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nde yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma erken bronz, demir \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131 ve orta\u00e7a\u011fdan kalma, aralar\u0131nda 4500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce uzun bir k\u00fct\u00fckten yontularak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Annaghkeen teknesinin de oldu\u011fu 12 teknenin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Annaghkeen teknesi, 1922\u2019de ke\u015ffedilen Lurgan teknesi ve 1996\u2019da County Mayo\u2019da ke\u015ffedilen Carrowneden teknesine benziyor. \u0130rlandal\u0131 sualt\u0131 arkeolo\u011fu Karl Brady, uzun aralarla bulunmu\u015f her \u00fc\u00e7 teknenin birbirine yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 km mesafede konumlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n, teknelerin ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini ya da erken bronz \u00e7a\u011fda bu tip teknelerin ra\u011fbet g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc destekledi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Teknelerle birlikte, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fc\u00e7 tane Viking tarz\u0131 sava\u015f baltas\u0131, ah\u015fap m\u0131zrak ve bronz m\u0131zrak u\u00e7lar\u0131 bulundu. Tekneler koruma alt\u0131nda al\u0131nd\u0131, ancak \u00e7\u0131karma ve koruma masraflar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 g\u00f6lde, sualt\u0131nda kalacaklar.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Vikinglere alacakaranl\u0131kta rehberlik eden pusula<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vikingler, Kuzey Atlantik\u2019i bir u\u00e7tan di\u011ferine kat edebilecek kadar iyi denizcilerdi. 1948\u2019de, Gr\u00f6nland\u2019da 11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir manast\u0131rda, disk bi\u00e7iminde bir nesnenin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftu. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n basit dekoratif bir nesneye ait oldu\u011funu iddia etse de, di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar diskin Vikinglerin Norve\u00e7\u2019ten Gr\u00f6nland\u2019a 2500 km\u2019lik zorlu yolculuklar\u0131nda kullanm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir navigasyonel alet oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu. Sadece yar\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan ah\u015fap diskin, yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 cm \u00e7ap\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ve \u015fu an kay\u0131p olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, G\u00fcne\u015f sayesinde ana y\u00f6nlerden herhangi biri \u00fczerine g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren bir merkez pimine sahip oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Macaristan\u2019daki E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Bal\u00e1zs Bernath ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131, Vikinglerin uzun g\u00f6lge sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmek ve daha geni\u015f, k\u0131sa bir g\u00f6lge yaratmak i\u00e7in pusulan\u0131n ortas\u0131nda, tipik g\u00fcne\u015f saati piminden daha al\u00e7ak ve kubbeli bir cisim kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Diskin ortas\u0131ndaki geni\u015f delik de, G\u00fcne\u015f saati pimi olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 destekliyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar pusulada, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki uv \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131na maruz kal\u0131nca \u0131\u015f\u0131k desenleri \u00fcreten ve g\u00fcne\u015f ta\u015f\u0131 olarak bilinen bir \u00e7ift kristal kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Vikingler G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in pozisyonunu bir kez bulduktan sonra, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in gelece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131ya g\u00f6re pimin g\u00f6lgesini canland\u0131rabildikleri \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ah\u015fap bir plaka kullanm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131lar. Bu hayali g\u00f6lgenin d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 da, y\u00f6nlerine karar vermelerini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu alacakaranl\u0131k pusulas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fe yararl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 saha deneyleri y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fcler ve pusulan\u0131n sadece 4 derecelik bir hatayla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 buldular; bu da g\u00f6ksel navigasyon y\u00f6ntemlerine k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir hata oran\u0131, hatta modern cep pusulalar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir bir oran. Ekip, bulgular\u0131n genellikle barbar olarak bilinen Vikinglerin geli\u015fmi\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bi\u00e7imine sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131n bir kan\u0131t\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Meksika K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nde 1300 m derinde ke\u015ffedilen bat\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n

Meksiko K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nin dibinde, k\u0131y\u0131dan ve y\u00fczeyden suyun Mississippi al\u00fcvyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mesafede bir gemi bat\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulundu. Geminin yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f ve seramikler, damacanalar ve ila\u00e7 \u015fi\u015feleri gibi malzemeler kumlu deniz zeminine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f. Bak\u0131r \u00e7iviler, bronz \u00e7ubuklar ve birle\u015ftirdikleri k\u0131smen \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ah\u015fap gemi par\u00e7alar\u0131 zeminde duruyor. Gemi kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczeyden yakla\u015f\u0131k 1310 m a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da oldu\u011fundan insan etkinliklerinden etkilenmemi\u015f. Bat\u0131k uzaktan kontrol edilebilen Herk\u00fcl isimli bir sualt\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma robotuyla g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclendi.<\/p>\n

ABD Ulusal Okyanus ve Atmosfer \u0130daresi\u2019nin (NOAA) Denizcilik Miras\u0131 M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc James Delgado ve Herk\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn pilotlar\u0131ndan Brendan Phillips, Monterrey A ismini verdikleri 18 veya 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l bat\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015fif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck ediyorlar. Herk\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn elde etti\u011fi videolar, uydu \u00fczerinden Rhode Island \u00dcniversitesi kamp\u00fcs\u00fcndeki bir binaya ve biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan ileti\u015fimde olabilmek ve ke\u015ffin y\u00f6netimine yard\u0131m edebilmek i\u00e7in topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer komuta merkezlerine yollan\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, teknoloji, suyun y\u00fczlerce metre alt\u0131ndaki bir robotu, gemiyi ve karadaki bir s\u00fcr\u00fc uzman\u0131 birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda internet \u00fczerinden canl\u0131 yay\u0131n da yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Delgado, bat\u0131\u011f\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait oldu\u011fu ihtimalini do\u011furan\u0131n \u00e7apa, toplar, baz\u0131 \u015fi\u015feler ve navigasyon i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan aletler oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bununla beraber gemi terk edilmi\u015f olsayd\u0131, kaptan\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck teknede kullanmak i\u00e7in navigasyon ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, fakat bunu yapmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu ekliyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) http:\/\/www.archaeology.org\/news\/2016-140410-ireland-corrib-boats<\/p>\n

2) http:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/2014\/0409\/607781-viking-artefacts-logboats-found-in-co-galway\/<\/p>\n

3) http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/44366-vikings-sun-compass-after-sunset.html<\/p>\n

4) http:\/\/archaeology.org\/issues\/124-1403\/features\/1811-gulf-of-mexico-monterrey-shipwreck<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130rlanda\u2019da 4500 y\u0131l \u00f6nceden kalma tekne \u0130rlanda\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda Lough Corrib G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nde yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma erken bronz, demir \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131 ve orta\u00e7a\u011fdan kalma, aralar\u0131nda 4500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce uzun bir k\u00fct\u00fckten yontularak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Annaghkeen teknesinin de oldu\u011fu 12 teknenin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Annaghkeen teknesi, 1922\u2019de ke\u015ffedilen Lurgan teknesi ve 1996\u2019da County Mayo\u2019da ke\u015ffedilen Carrowneden teknesine benziyor. \u0130rlandal\u0131 sualt\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":749,"featured_media":29583,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[160,19,38],"tags":[3280,3281,595],"class_list":["post-25576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-123-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-dergi-sayilari","tag-deniz-arkeolojisi","tag-sualti","tag-yasam"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t