{"id":25753,"date":"2018-05-19T05:50:46","date_gmt":"2018-05-19T02:50:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=25753"},"modified":"2018-05-21T13:25:00","modified_gmt":"2018-05-21T10:25:00","slug":"savas-sanatini-neden-mete-han-degil-de-sun-tzu-yazdi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/05\/19\/savas-sanatini-neden-mete-han-degil-de-sun-tzu-yazdi","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131\u2019n\u0131 neden Mete Han de\u011fil de Sun Tzu yazd\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cSava\u015f hileleri\u201d olarak T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilen strategemler neden \u00c7in hanedanlar\u0131yla y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu sava\u015fan Orta Asyal\u0131 kavimler taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil de \u00c7inliler taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi? Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131 neden Mete Han de\u011fil de Sun Tzu yazd\u0131? Bu sorular\u0131n yan\u0131t\u0131 eski \u00e7a\u011flardaki uygar-barbar ili\u015fkilerinde gizli.<\/p>\n

Gerek strategemler gerekse Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131<\/em>, do\u011fal olarak d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n nas\u0131l alt edilece\u011fi ve sava\u015f\u0131n nas\u0131l kazan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili. Bu hedef, uygar olsun barbar olsun \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan t\u00fcm taraflar i\u00e7in ortak. Fakat y\u00f6ntemler farkl\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Sun Tzu\u2019nun Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sava\u015fmadan kazanmak\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sun Tzu\u2019nun Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131<\/em> ve 36 strategem incelendi\u011finde, temel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u201cm\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en az kay\u0131pla kazanmak\u201d oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr; zaten \u201chile\u201d de bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sun Tzu \u201csava\u015farak kazanmay\u0131\u201d k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmser, ustal\u0131kl\u0131 bulmaz ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lar; onu kazanman\u0131n en alt s\u0131ras\u0131na koyar.<\/p>\n

Sun Usta\u2019ya g\u00f6re sava\u015farak dedem de kazan\u0131r, maharet sava\u015fmadan kazanmaktad\u0131r. \u201cDiplomasi yoluyla kazanmak\u201d (bu da bir sava\u015fmadan kazanma y\u00f6ntemidir), bir \u00fcst s\u0131radad\u0131r. En \u00fcstte ise \u201cstrategem (hile) yoluyla kazanmak\u201d bulunur. As\u0131l ustal\u0131k buradad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015fmadan kazanman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 arayan, hatta sava\u015f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131layan bir sava\u015f kitab\u0131\u2026 Bu, bir uygar tutumudur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc uygarl\u0131k sadece y\u0131kmay\u0131 de\u011fil, kurmay\u0131 ve kurulmu\u015f olan\u0131 korumay\u0131 da gerektirir. Uygar komutan\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir derdi de vard\u0131r, hatta as\u0131l derdi budur. D\u00fczen korunup kollanmal\u0131, savunulmal\u0131 ve geli\u015ferek (fetihler dahil) s\u00fcrmelidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan, yani asker k\u0131ymetlidir. Uygar y\u00f6neticiler ve komutanlar \u00e7ok \u201cinsanc\u0131l\u201d olduklar\u0131ndan b\u00f6yle davranmazlar; uygar\u0131n askeri ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcreticidir, emek\u00e7idir, k\u00f6ledir. Uygarl\u0131k ve d\u00fczen onlar\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131ndan geli\u015fecektir. Hatta d\u00fc\u015fman askeri bile \u00f6nemlidir, onlar da potansiyel \u00fcreticiler ve k\u00f6lelerdir. Bu nedenle de \u201cen az kay\u0131p\u201d ilkesi g\u00f6zetilir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Sun Tzu \u201csava\u015farak kazanmay\u0131\u201d ustal\u0131kl\u0131 bulmaz ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmser.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u2018Entrikac\u0131 \u00c7inliler\u2019, \u201ckahpe Bizansl\u0131lar\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Barbar\u0131n ise do\u011fal olarak b\u00f6yle bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yoktur; buna ihtiyac\u0131 da yoktur. O, \u201csava\u015farak kazanma\u201d ustas\u0131d\u0131r. Ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun, kahramanca kazanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tarih kitaplar\u0131m\u0131zda hep \u201centrikac\u0131 \u00c7inlilerden\u201d ve \u201ckahpe Bizansl\u0131lardan\u201d s\u00f6z edilir. Kahraman T\u00fcrkler, sava\u015f meydan\u0131nda kazand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcrl\u00fc entrikalar ve kahpelikler sonucu yitirmi\u015flerdir. \u201cEntrika\u201d ve \u201ckahpelik\u201d denilenler, asl\u0131nda Sun Tzu\u2019lar\u0131n \u201cstrategem\u201dleridir.<\/p>\n

Uygarlarla sava\u015fan barbar kavimlerin pratiklerine dair fazla bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yok. Ama kulaktan kula\u011fa gelen kahramanl\u0131k \u00f6yk\u00fclerinden, \u00fcnl\u00fc barbar komutanlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn birer sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olduklar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli sava\u015f taktiklerini ustal\u0131kla uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 gelenekleri olsayd\u0131, \u201csava\u015f kitab\u0131\u201d yazabilirlerdi belki. Ama \u201csava\u015f sanat\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131 yazmak, sava\u015f\u0131 bir sanata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek ancak Sun Tzu\u2019lar\u0131n becerebilece\u011fi bir i\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Uygar\u0131n l\u00fcks\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Peki, uygar y\u00f6neticiler ve komutanlar g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz olduklar\u0131, pek p\u0131s\u0131r\u0131k olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in mi i\u015fi sanata vurmu\u015flar? Tam tersine, \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve -uygarl\u0131k birikimleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla- bilge sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in. Sava\u015farak kazanman\u0131n en az barbarlar kadar ustas\u0131d\u0131rlar. Kald\u0131 ki, barbarlara oranla \u00e7ok daha d\u00fczenli, e\u011fitimli, deneyimli ordulara sahiptirler.<\/p>\n

Onlar\u0131n, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olduklar\u0131 ve bu g\u00fcc\u00fc bildikleri i\u00e7in, \u201csava\u015fmadan kazanma l\u00fcksleri\u201d bulunur. Ustal\u0131kl\u0131 diplomasi ve hile g\u00fc\u00e7 meselesidir, yoksa soytar\u0131l\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Onlar \u201csava\u015f\u0131lamayacak\u201d ve \u201csava\u015fmaya tenezz\u00fcl etmeyecek\u201d denli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcrler. Lao Tse, Tao Te Ching<\/em> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yazar: \u201cKapatmakta usta ki\u015fi kilit asmaz, ama kimse a\u00e7amaz \/ Ba\u011flamakta usta ki\u015fi sicim kullanmaz ama kimse \u00e7\u00f6zemez\u201d \u0130\u015fte bu, \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7\u201dt\u00fcr ve \u201cl\u00fcks\u201dt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Barbar kal\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 an, uygarla\u015f\u0131r. Fethetti\u011fi an fethedilir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Fethedenlerin fethedilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Barbar\u0131n ise b\u00f6yle bir \u201cl\u00fcks\u00fc\u201d yoktur; o sava\u015fmak zorundad\u0131r, ba\u015fka \u00e7aresi yoktur. Kazan\u0131rsa ne \u00e2l\u00e2, kazanmazsa sorun yok, \u00f6n\u00fcndeki ma\u00e7lara bakacakt\u0131r. Evet, barbar\u0131n da \u201c\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ma\u00e7lara bakma\u201d ve kaybetme l\u00fcks\u00fc vard\u0131r. Uygar\u0131n \u201ckaybetme l\u00fcks\u00fc\u201d yoktur. Bu da uygar\u0131n zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve barbar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ama barbar bu \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kullanamaz. O kal\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 an, uygarla\u015f\u0131r. Fethetti\u011fi an fethedilir. Fethedenlerin fethedilmesi\u2026 \u00c7in tarihinde \u00f6rnekleri vard\u0131r: \u00c7in\u2019i fetheden barbar \u015fefi yeni \u00c7in imparatoru olur. \u00c7inliler yenilir, \u00c7in uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 devam eder; sorun yok! Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnek olarak, Fatih\u2019in \u0130stanbul\u2019u fethetti\u011fi an asl\u0131nda Bizans taraf\u0131ndan fethedilmi\u015f oldu\u011funa dair yorumlar da bulunur.<\/p>\n

Uygarlar yenilebilir, ama uygarl\u0131k ba\u015fka bir mecradan devam etmi\u015f olur. Yani \u201cuygar\u0131n\u201d de\u011fil ama \u201cuygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u201d, kaybetme l\u00fcks\u00fc de vard\u0131r. Bu l\u00fcks ancak uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc) a\u015fan bir perspektifle tarihe g\u00f6m\u00fclebilir. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz \u00e7a\u011flarda b\u00f6yle bir d\u00fczeye ula\u015fabilmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez tabii; o g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ula\u015f\u0131labilmi\u015f bir potansiyeldir (kald\u0131 ki h\u00e2l\u00e2 bir potansiyel).<\/p>\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131 antik \u00e7a\u011flarda uygar-barbar ili\u015fkisine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u201chile\u201dnin bir uygar ke\u015ffi oldu\u011funu ve s\u0131n\u0131f ili\u015fkileriyle bu d\u00fczlemde dahi ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cSava\u015f hileleri\u201d olarak T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilen strategemler neden \u00c7in hanedanlar\u0131yla y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu sava\u015fan Orta Asyal\u0131 kavimler taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil de \u00c7inliler taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi? Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131\u2019n\u0131 neden Mete Han de\u011fil de Sun Tzu yazd\u0131? Bu sorular\u0131n yan\u0131t\u0131 eski \u00e7a\u011flardaki uygar-barbar ili\u015fkilerinde gizli. Gerek strategemler gerekse Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131, do\u011fal olarak d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n nas\u0131l alt edilece\u011fi ve sava\u015f\u0131n nas\u0131l kazan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":25757,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2314],"tags":[3296,3297,3295,1970,1969],"class_list":["post-25753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-oykuleri","tag-36-strategem","tag-lao-tse","tag-mete-han","tag-savas-sanati","tag-sun-tzu"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t