{"id":25775,"date":"2018-05-20T06:00:47","date_gmt":"2018-05-20T03:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=25775"},"modified":"2018-05-20T04:16:24","modified_gmt":"2018-05-20T01:16:24","slug":"veba-ilk-kez-tas-devrinde-avrupaya-geldi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/05\/20\/veba-ilk-kez-tas-devrinde-avrupaya-geldi","title":{"rendered":"Veba ilk kez Ta\u015f Devri&#8217;nde Avrupa\u2019ya geldi!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vebaya neden olan bakteri <em>Yersinia Pestis*<\/em>\u2019in en erken kan\u0131tlar\u0131, Avrupa\u2019ya Ta\u015f Devri&#8217;nde, yani\u00a0kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ilk salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klardan binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce, ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret ediyor. Max Planck \u0130nsanl\u0131k Tarihi Bilimi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden (MPG) ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n analizlerine g\u00f6re bakteri, merkezi Avrupa\u2019ya 4.800 ve 3.700 \u00f6nceki y\u0131llar aras\u0131nda bozk\u0131r g\u00f6\u00e7erlerinin (g\u00f6\u00e7ebe-\u00e7oban topluluklar) g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bu ke\u015fiflerini <em>Current Biology (G\u00fcncel Biyoloji)<\/em> dergisinde Kas\u0131m 2017&#8217;de yay\u0131nlad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131nda biliminsanlar\u0131, Almanya, Rusya, Macaristan, H\u0131rvatistan, Litvanya, Estonya ve Letonya\u2019dan 500\u2019den fazla di\u015f ve kemik \u00f6rne\u011fi inceledi. Analizleri, alt\u0131 <em>Yersinia Pestis<\/em> genom \u00f6rne\u011finin sonucu verdi.\u00a0Yani, bu bakterin soyu ilk enfeksiyona neden olan bakteriler ile bir ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeydi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Aida Andrades Valtue\u00f1a&#8217;n\u0131n bi bas\u0131n b\u00fclteninde verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7e g\u00f6re; bu durum veban\u0131n ya Avrupa\u2019ya bir\u00e7ok kez ayn\u0131 kaynak \u00fczerinden geldi\u011fini ya da Ta\u015f Devri&#8217;nde gelip orada kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret ediyor. Kabaca 4.800 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce, Hazar &#8211; Karadeniz bozk\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n insanlar\u0131 Avrupa\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Var\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131rt edici genetik \u00f6zellikleri, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn hemen hemen t\u00fcm Avrupal\u0131lar&#8217;\u0131nda vard\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zelliklerin izi, belirli g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in, s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n<p>En son analizler, <em>Yersinia Pestis<\/em>\u2019in geli\u015finin Hazar \u2013 Karadeniz bozk\u0131r pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lmalar\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015faret ediyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Alexander Herbig, \u201ctahminlerimize g\u00f6re, insan\u0131n genetik soyu ve melezleni\u015fi, ge\u00e7 neolitik \u2013 Bronz \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 <em>Yersinia Pestis<\/em> soy \u00e7izgisinin zamansal dizileriyle bir uyum halinde, Avrasya\u2019n\u0131n merkezine geri d\u00f6nmeden \u00f6nce kendisine yerel bir kaynak haline getirdi\u011fi Avrupa\u2019ya, bozk\u0131rlardan muhtemelen 4.800 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc destekliyor\u201d diyor.<br \/>\nBu yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rma, ayn\u0131 zamanda veba bakterisinin Avrupa\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ilgili genetik mutasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n devam ediyor oldu\u011funu da do\u011frulamakta. Baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131, birka\u00e7 bin y\u0131la kadar bakterinin \u00f6nemli salg\u0131nlara yol a\u00e7abilecek yeterlili\u011fi geli\u015ftirmemi\u015f olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc, fakat bakterinin Ta\u015f Devri&#8217;nde salg\u0131nlar\u0131 tetikleyecek kadar etkili olmas\u0131 muhtemel g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte.<\/p>\n<p>MPG\u2019deki Arkeogenetik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Johannes Krause, \u201c<em>Yersinia Pestis<\/em> enfeksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n tehdidi, Neolitik \u2013 erken Bronz Devri&#8217;nde insanlar\u0131n hareketlili\u011fi, yani g\u00f6\u00e7 etme d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc, y\u00fckselten etkenlerden biri olmu\u015f olabilir\u201d diyor. Ayr\u0131ca, Ta\u015f Devri&#8217;nde veba bakterisinin Avrupa K\u0131ta&#8217;s\u0131na geli\u015fi, Avrupa n\u00fcfusu \u00fczerinde genetik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin azalmas\u0131n\u0131 tetiklemi\u015f olabilmi\u015f olabilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de hakim. Krause, \u201cbelirli Avrupal\u0131 pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n veya bozk\u0131r insanlar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k seviyeleri olmu\u015f olabilir\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<p><em>Yersinia Pestis<\/em>\u2019in devam\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak genomik analizleri, bu \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hatal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak ve ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n evriminin insan evrimine ne gibi etkileri oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>*Veba hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olan bir bakteri.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vebaya neden olan bakteri Yersinia Pestis*\u2019in en erken kan\u0131tlar\u0131, Avrupa\u2019ya Ta\u015f Devri&#8217;nde, yani\u00a0kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ilk salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klardan binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce, ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret ediyor. Max Planck \u0130nsanl\u0131k Tarihi Bilimi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden (MPG) ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n analizlerine g\u00f6re bakteri, merkezi Avrupa\u2019ya 4.800 ve 3.700 \u00f6nceki y\u0131llar aras\u0131nda bozk\u0131r g\u00f6\u00e7erlerinin (g\u00f6\u00e7ebe-\u00e7oban topluluklar) g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bu ke\u015fiflerini Current Biology [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":673,"featured_media":25779,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[211,19,21,1,231,33],"tags":[3302,909,1073,706,3301,3300],"class_list":["post-25775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antropoloji","category-bilim-gundemi","category-biyoloji","category-genel","category-molekuler-biyoloji-ve-genetik","category-saglik-bilimleri","tag-hastaliklar-ve-evrim","tag-neolitik-cag","tag-tas-devri","tag-veba","tag-veba-salgini","tag-yersinia-pestis"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ahmet Kerim G\u00fcltekin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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