{"id":2581,"date":"2015-04-28T16:25:55","date_gmt":"2015-04-28T13:25:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=2581"},"modified":"2015-04-28T16:25:55","modified_gmt":"2015-04-28T13:25:55","slug":"jeolojik-acidan-nepal-depremi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2015\/04\/28\/jeolojik-acidan-nepal-depremi","title":{"rendered":"Jeolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan Nepal depremi"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u00f6rsel:<\/strong> Haritada depremin ana merkezi y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ve en \u00e7ok etkiledi\u011fi alanlar dikd\u00f6rtgen i\u00e7inde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

Katmandu\u2019nun 80 km kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131 k\u00f6kenli, 7,8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Nepal depremi, 25 Nisan 2015 g\u00fcn\u00fc pek \u00e7ok binay\u0131 un ufak ederken, \u00e7evredeki pek \u00e7ok \u015fehri de y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011fratt\u0131. Depremin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 Nepal\u2019i a\u015f\u0131p Tibet ve kuzey Hindistan\u2019a da ula\u015ft\u0131. Son y\u0131llarda Himalayalar\u2019da meydana gelen bu en b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem, binlerce ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden oldu.<\/p>\n

Deprem neden oldu?<\/strong>
\nD\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck fay hatlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan jeolojik \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma hatt\u0131, Hindistan b\u00f6lgesinin Asya K\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n her sene ortalama 4-5 santim alt\u0131na girerek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu levhad\u0131r. Bu \u015fiddetle \u00e7arpma zaten y\u00fcksekli\u011fi fazla olan Himalayalar\u0131 daha da y\u00fckseltirken, b\u00f6lgeyi de sismolojik olarak en riskli b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131na sokar. Jeolojik stres hat boyunca birikir ve depremlerle enerjiyi periyodik olarak bo\u015falt\u0131r.
\nAsl\u0131nda 25 Nisan depremi y\u00fczeysel bir depremdi. US Jeoloji Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 B\u00fcrosu\u2019na (USGS) g\u00f6re, derinli\u011fi sadece 15 kilometreydi. Nepal\u2019de g\u00f6revlendirilen Kaliforniya Pasadena USGS Ofisi\u2019nden sismolog Susan Hough\u2019a g\u00f6re, k\u0131r\u0131lan fay 150-200 kilometre uzunlu\u011funda.<\/p>\n

Deprem bekleniyor muydu?<\/strong>
\nB\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde evet. Bu b\u00f6lgeyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Kolorado \u00dcniversitesi, Kaliforniya Pasadena Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden sismologlar (Roger Bilham ve Jean-Philippe Avouac), Nepal\u2019de biriken enerji konusunda uzun s\u00fcredir uyar\u0131larda bulunuyorlard\u0131. Yani bu \u201cbeklenmedik\u201d bir deprem de\u011fildi. Yine de 25 Nisan depremi beklenenden biraz daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve yine beklenenden daha do\u011fuda oldu. 1934\u2019de Hindistan\u2019da olan, binalar\u0131n neredeyse yerin 1 metre alt\u0131na girdi\u011fi, 10.000\u2019den fazla insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sonu\u00e7lanan, 8,1\u2019lik b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki deprem b\u00f6lgesine daha yak\u0131n bir yerde meydana geldi.<\/p>\n

Hasar ne kadar?<\/strong>
\nKatmandu\u2019daki ta\u015f tap\u0131naklar, hatta ikonik Dharahara Kulesi bile y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Di\u011fer binalar yollara do\u011fru devrildiler ya da yamyass\u0131 oldular. Hasar belirleme hen\u00fcz yap\u0131l\u0131yor, ancak Hough, y\u0131k\u0131lan tap\u0131naklar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda ayakta kalan binalar\u0131n foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, biraz da olsa \u00fcmitlendiklerini belirtiyor.
\n\u0130lk a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00f6re, 1500\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde \u00f6l\u00fcm var ve her g\u00fcn rakam art\u0131yor. Everest\u2019te de depremin tetikledi\u011fi \u00e7\u0131\u011f, da\u011fc\u0131 kamp\u0131n\u0131 yerle bir etti\u011finden en az 10 \u00f6l\u00fcm oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Neden daha haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olunmad\u0131?<\/strong>
\nNepal ufak, ancak epeyce deneyimli bir deprem uzmanlar\u0131 toplulu\u011funa sahip. Sismik ve jeodezik ulusal a\u011f ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme sistemleri var. Son y\u0131llarda pek \u00e7ok organizasyon, depremde risklerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili aktif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hatta 12 Nisan\u2019da iki organizasyon, deprem senaryolar\u0131n\u0131 Katmandu Vadisi i\u00e7in g\u00fcncellemi\u015flerdi.1934 felaketine benzer bir sars\u0131nt\u0131 sim\u00fclasyonu haz\u0131rlayarak, k\u00f6t\u00fc sonu\u00e7ta neler yap\u0131labilece\u011fiyle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.
\nKatmandu\u2019da eski binalar yak\u0131nda olu\u015fan bir sars\u0131nt\u0131ya direnecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde duvar te\u00e7hizatlar\u0131na ne yaz\u0131k ki sahip de\u011fil. Bu alanda \u015fehirle\u015fme giderek art\u0131yor ve yan yana yap\u0131lan binalar da yap\u0131sal donan\u0131mdan pek nasibini alam\u0131yor.
\nHough\u2019 a g\u00f6re bu sonu\u00e7lar,\u201dg\u00f6rmezden gelme\u201dden \u00e7ok \u201cparasal imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131klardan\u201d kaynaklan\u0131yor. \u0130nsanlar sadece ellerindeki parayla ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sokacaklar\u0131 binalar yap\u0131yorlar. Malzemeye ve m\u00fchendisli\u011fe para ay\u0131ram\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Sonra ne olacak?<\/strong>
\nBundan sonra \u00e7ok\u00e7a art\u00e7\u0131 sars\u0131nt\u0131 olacak. B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 5\u2019in \u00fcst\u00fcnde 30\u2019dan fazla art\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde ki ay olabilece\u011fi bekleniyor. Hatta 6,6\u2019l\u0131k bir art\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7oktan oldu bile. <\/p>\n

\u00c7eviren: Dr. Ebru Oktay<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/major-earthquake-hits-nepal-1.17413<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00f6rsel: Haritada depremin ana merkezi y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ve en \u00e7ok etkiledi\u011fi alanlar dikd\u00f6rtgen i\u00e7inde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Katmandu\u2019nun 80 km kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131 k\u00f6kenli, 7,8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Nepal depremi, 25 Nisan 2015 g\u00fcn\u00fc pek \u00e7ok binay\u0131 un ufak ederken, \u00e7evredeki pek \u00e7ok \u015fehri de y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011fratt\u0131. Depremin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 Nepal\u2019i a\u015f\u0131p Tibet ve kuzey Hindistan\u2019a da ula\u015ft\u0131. Son y\u0131llarda Himalayalar\u2019da meydana […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2582,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,232],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-yerbilimleri"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2581"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2581\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}