{"id":26096,"date":"2018-06-01T00:00:04","date_gmt":"2018-05-31T21:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=26096"},"modified":"2018-05-31T16:51:30","modified_gmt":"2018-05-31T13:51:30","slug":"avmlerin-yorgun-gencleri-turkiye-isci-sinifinin-yeni-yuzleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/06\/01\/avmlerin-yorgun-gencleri-turkiye-isci-sinifinin-yeni-yuzleri","title":{"rendered":"\u201cAVM\u2019lerin yorgun gen\u00e7leri\u201d: T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yeni y\u00fczleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>AVM\u2019lerin Yorgun Gen\u00e7leri: Tezg\u00e2htarl\u0131ktan Sat\u0131\u015f Elemanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Eme\u011fin D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc<\/em> organize perakendecilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde istihdam edilen ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu gen\u00e7 olan emek\u00e7i bireylerin s\u0131n\u0131f deneyimlerini bize sunuyor. Sosyal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Vakf\u0131 (SAV) Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan 2017\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kan kitap, toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131f mefhumuna ilgi duyan akademisyenler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n izini s\u00fcren hemen herkese hitap eden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc denebilecek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olarak okurlar\u0131n\u0131 bekliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Nurcan \u00d6zkaplan, Ece \u00d6ztan ve Ester Ruben taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, giri\u015f ve sonu\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u00f6rt ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fuyor. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde t\u00fcketim toplumu nosyonuyla ilgili genel bir literat\u00fcr aktar\u0131m\u0131na, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin t\u00fcketim toplumuyla tan\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecine ve \u201c\u00f6nc\u00fc AVM\u201d olarak kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131lara ve pasajlara yer verilmi\u015f. Yine ayn\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde son olarak ise -yazarlar\u0131n deyimiyle- \u201cAVM\u2019lerin eksik y\u00fczleri olan\u201d ma\u011faza \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n hem sahadaki hem de yaz\u0131ndaki genel durumlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin okuyucunun dikkati \u00e7ekilmi\u015f. S\u00f6z konusu dikkat \u00e7ekmenin ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise yazarlar\u0131n \u015fu sat\u0131rlar\u0131ndan anl\u0131yoruz: \u201c\u2026\u2018\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelme\u2019 tavr\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok bilin\u00e7li bir s\u0131n\u0131fsal duru\u015fun \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylememiz gerekir\u2026 AVM\u2019lerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir bilgimiz yok. M\u00fc\u015fterilerin ne istedi\u011fini, ne bekledi\u011fini biliyoruz; ama onlarla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze, yo\u011fun etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131n ve erkeklerin kim olduklar\u0131n\u0131, ne istediklerini, i\u015flerini ve kariyer yollar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu alg\u0131lar\u0131 ve deneyimleri olu\u015fturan\/denetleyen \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131n, maddi ko\u015fullar\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu bilmiyoruz. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, bu konudaki b\u00fcy\u00fck eksikli\u011fi gidermede bir ilk ad\u0131m olacakt\u0131r diye umuyoruz.\u201d (s.36-37)<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kentsel kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131 ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131saca ele alan yazarlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, \u201c10 AVM\u2019de, 11 farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rden toplam 21 marka ve 130 ma\u011fazada\u201d ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen anket uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 gayet ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f. 404 emek\u00e7iyle yap\u0131lan anket \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a dikkat \u00e7ekici bulgularla dolu oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 80\u2019inden fazlas\u0131n\u0131n bek\u00e2r, y\u00fczde 94\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn 35 ya\u015f alt\u0131 ve nerdeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131n sigortal\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015fu anda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 firmalarda en fazla 1 y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u0131demlerinin olmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131. Benzer \u015fekilde, ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 70\u2019inin, hen\u00fcz \u00f6\u011frenciyken sekt\u00f6rde istihdam edilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmeleri de, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de e\u011fitim-istihdam ili\u015fkisinin dikkat \u00e7eken bir y\u00f6n\u00fcne i\u015faret etmekte.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer alan kimi al\u0131nt\u0131lar okuyucunun dikkatini rahatl\u0131kla \u00e7ekecek t\u00fcrden. \u201cAVM\u2019lerin yorgun gen\u00e7leri: Tezg\u00e2htarl\u0131ktan sat\u0131\u015f elemanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na eme\u011fin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc\u201dn\u00fcn d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc okudu\u011fumuzda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n bireyin sosyal hayat\u0131na olumsuz etkilerine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, ciddi sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyoruz. M\u00fc\u015fteri odakl\u0131l\u0131k denen pazarlama laflar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in nas\u0131l kolayl\u0131kla taciz vakalar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febildi\u011fini, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar aras\u0131 rekabeti ve bu rekabetin bizzat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarca nas\u0131l normalle\u015ftirildiklerine dair pek \u00e7ok somut olguyu g\u00f6zlemlemek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Yeri gelmi\u015fken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n as\u0131l g\u00f6vdesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu; birinci ve ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin deyim yerindeyse geni\u015fletilmi\u015f bir giri\u015f minvalinde i\u015flendi\u011fini ifade edelim.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7arp\u0131c\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n di\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6nlerinin de alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmemiz gerekir. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bulgular\u0131n ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlarda, kuru bir olgu bombard\u0131man\u0131 yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hemen her olgunun o olguyla ili\u015fkilendirilebilecek bir kuramsal tart\u0131\u015fma e\u015fli\u011finde sunuldu\u011funu belirtelim. \u00d6zkaplan, \u00d6ztan ve Ruben, daha \u00f6nce duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ya da duymu\u015f olsan\u0131z bile h\u00e2kim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z kavramlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma sorunsal\u0131yla harmanlayarak okuyucuya anlatabilmi\u015f. Bu kitapta, \u201csosyal ve estetik beceri\u201d ve \u201cbeden denetimi\u201d gibi kavramlar, retorikle bezenmi\u015f ve aya\u011f\u0131 yere basmayan postmodern kuram kitaplar\u0131nda olduklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, ger\u00e7ek ya\u015fam ile \u00e7ok daha alakal\u0131 olarak i\u015flenmi\u015f. Dahas\u0131, detay bilgilerin sadece kavram bilgisinden ibaret oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylersek, yazarlara haks\u0131zl\u0131k etmi\u015f oluruz. Baz\u0131 hukuki d\u00fczenlemeleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7erisindeki kimi uygulamalar\u0131 da bu kapsama dahil etmek gerekir. Mesela AVM\u2019lerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin d\u00fczenlenmesinin ve pazar g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn tatil edilmesinin 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir yasayla valilerin yetkilerine b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve fakat fiilen bu yetkinin kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu kitaptan \u00f6\u011frenebilirsiniz. Keza firmalar\u0131n tebdili k\u0131yafetle gezen padi\u015fah misali i\u015fyerlerine \u201cgizli m\u00fc\u015fteri\u201d g\u00f6nderdi\u011fini ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 sahada bu yolla s\u0131nad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da\u2026 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n g\u00f6rece zay\u0131f y\u00f6nleri ise ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok az. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n temel sorunsal\u0131yla do\u011frudan alakal\u0131 olmamakla birlikte, iki \u015feyden bahsetmek anlaml\u0131 olabilir: Birinci olarak toplumsal cinsiyet tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 durumlarda zorlama bir hal ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131f nosyonunun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemeliyiz. \u0130kinci olarak ise \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada organize perakendecilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan emek\u00e7ilerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve m\u00fccadele stratejilerine y\u00f6nelik somut bir strateji \u00f6nerilmedi\u011fini belirtmek yerinde bir ele\u015ftiri olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Marks <em>1844-El Yazmalar\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda yabanc\u0131la\u015fma mefhumunu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, insan\u0131n makinenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline geldi\u011finden de bahseder. Makinenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmek ise eme\u011fin yarat\u0131c\u0131 etkinli\u011finin sona ermesinin, insan\u0131n emek s\u00fcreci \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc yitirmesinin ve emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015fyerindeki di\u011fer nesnelerle e\u015fitlenmesinin hik\u00e2yesidir asl\u0131nda. Bu hik\u00e2yenin bir ba\u015fka s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc neredeyse iki as\u0131r sonra bir emek\u00e7i \u015f\u00f6yle deneyimlemi\u015f: \u201cBiz burada i\u015fte \u015fu yerdeki ta\u015f gibi, \u015furadaki yazarkasa gibi, tavandaki avize gibi bir \u015feyiz. Birimiz gider, di\u011ferimiz gelir. \u00d6yle meslek gibi bir \u015fey de\u011fil yani\u2026\u201d. \u00d6zkaplan, \u00d6ztan ve Ruben emek\u00e7ileri daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131labilmek i\u00e7in i\u015fte bu deneyimin ve benzerlerinin g\u00fczel bir anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa etmi\u015fler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda.<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8211; AVM\u2019lerin Yorgun Gen\u00e7leri, -Tezg\u00e2htarl\u0131ktan Sat\u0131\u015f Elemanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Eme\u011fin D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc-, Nurcan \u00d6zkaplan, Ece \u00d6ztan, Ester Ruben, Sosyal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Vakf\u0131, 2017, 280 s.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AVM\u2019lerin Yorgun Gen\u00e7leri: Tezg\u00e2htarl\u0131ktan Sat\u0131\u015f Elemanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Eme\u011fin D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc organize perakendecilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde istihdam edilen ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu gen\u00e7 olan emek\u00e7i bireylerin s\u0131n\u0131f deneyimlerini bize sunuyor. Sosyal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Vakf\u0131 (SAV) Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan 2017\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kan kitap, toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131f mefhumuna ilgi duyan akademisyenler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n izini s\u00fcren hemen herkese hitap eden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc denebilecek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olarak okurlar\u0131n\u0131 bekliyor. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":509,"featured_media":26097,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3343,513],"tags":[3365,720,433],"class_list":["post-26096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-172-sayi","category-kitapcil","tag-alisveris-merkezi-calisanlari","tag-isci-sinifi","tag-kapitalizm"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/509"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26096"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26096\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26097"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}