{"id":26476,"date":"2014-04-01T11:57:15","date_gmt":"2014-04-01T08:57:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=26476"},"modified":"2022-01-07T02:37:36","modified_gmt":"2022-01-06T23:37:36","slug":"kimse-gorilleri-daha-fazla-sevmedi-dian-fossey-ve-gorilleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2014\/04\/01\/kimse-gorilleri-daha-fazla-sevmedi-dian-fossey-ve-gorilleri","title":{"rendered":"\u201cKimse gorilleri daha fazla sevmedi\u201d:\u00a0Dian Fossey ve gorilleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nazan Mahsereci<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dian\u2019in gorillerle ili\u015fkisi bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her biri bir isimle birlikte karakter kazan\u0131rlar. Goriller Dian\u2019in bilimsel nesneleri de\u011fil, ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun koruyaca\u011f\u0131 ailesi haline gelir, ilk ve tek ailesi. Dian t\u00fcm hayat\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcm varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n can noktas\u0131 gibi, bildi\u011fi tek aileyi vah\u015fice korur. Buldu\u011fu t\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemler Dian\u2019in ilkel taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kma gibidir. Sanki yabanda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 onca zaman i\u00e7inde, gorillerde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kendi do\u011fas\u0131d\u0131r; insan\u0131n vah\u015fi, ilkel do\u011fas\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Digit, Digit, Digit… Sevgili arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Dian Fossey\u2019in not defterine defalarca melankoliyle karalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 isim. Bu karalama, Dian\u2019in Grup 4\u2019\u00fcn n\u00f6bet\u00e7i gorilinin katledili\u015finin ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 katlan\u0131labilir k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in bir yol aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n resmi. Onun asl\u0131nda ne kadar k\u0131r\u0131lgan oldu\u011funun delili. Bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, odas\u0131nda yaln\u0131z, not defterinin ba\u015f\u0131nda dalg\u0131n oturan k\u0131z\u0131l sa\u00e7l\u0131 kad\u0131n, Dian Fossey\u2019in hik\u00e2yesinin bendeki imgesi haline geldi; onu g\u00f6z\u00fcmde bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131dan \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckle canh\u0131ra\u015f sava\u015fan bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131, zavall\u0131 bir fani haline getirdi.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u201c\u00e7ocuk Dian\u2019\u0131n\u201d vicdan\u0131ndan al\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dian\u2019i anlamak, onun tabiri caizse sevgisiz ge\u00e7en \u00e7ocuklu\u011funu anlamaktan ge\u00e7iyor, sevgisiz ve yaln\u0131z. 1932\u2019de San Francisco\u2019da d\u00fcnyaya geli\u015finin ard\u0131ndan anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fanmas\u0131, okudu\u011fum b\u00fct\u00fcn metinlerde son derece ilgisiz ve y\u00fczeysel olarak tasvir edilen anne ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 disiplinli, kendisini bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc kabullenemeyen \u00fcvey baba Dian\u2019in \u00e7ocuklu\u011funun odak noktalar\u0131. Onu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131ya, daha sonra da delili\u011fe s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen tutkusu bu odak noktalar\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Pek \u00e7ok \u00e7ocuk gibi Dian de hayvanlara kar\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a ilgili; ancak onun ilgisinde, o pek \u00e7ok \u00e7ocu\u011funkinden ayr\u0131lan bir taraf var. Evcil hayvanlar bizi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z sevmez, onlar i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli bir yuva, yemek ve sevgi sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131y\u0131zd\u0131r. Dian\u2019in hayvanlara ilgisinin bo\u015flu\u011funu duydu\u011fu sevgi ihtiyac\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, en az\u0131ndan b\u00f6yle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemekte bir sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorum; yine de o \u00e7ocuklu\u011funun eksikliklerini kendi i\u00e7in gidermektense, ba\u015fka canl\u0131lar i\u00e7in sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Onda k\u0131r\u0131lgan, incinmi\u015f ve g\u00fcvenli bir kuca\u011fa \u00f6zlem duyan \u00e7ocu\u011fun vicdan\u0131 vard\u0131. Dian Fossey efsanesini olu\u015fturan \u015fey onun k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil vicdan\u0131d\u0131r, k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen onu tamir etmek i\u00e7in se\u00e7ti\u011fi ve sonunda kendisini parampar\u00e7a eden yoldur.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk evcil hayvan\u0131 biricik Japon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131. Biricik, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fcvey babas\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131 kurallar\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki evde bir ikinci bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olam\u0131yor, ama bu a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 seneler sonra Karisoke\u2019de k\u00f6pekten tavu\u011fa, gorilden file bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrde edindi\u011fi onlarca \u201cevcil\u201d hayvan\u0131n koruyuculu\u011funu yaparak kapatacak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Dian.<\/p>\n

\u0130htiyac\u0131 olanlara yard\u0131m edebilece\u011fi bir meslek<\/strong><\/p>\n

E\u011fitim hayat\u0131 da, bask\u0131lardan s\u0131yr\u0131lan, kendi yolunu bulan bir gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesinin kronolojik okumas\u0131 gibi. \u00dcvey baba bask\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Marin Junior Colloge\u2019da i\u015fletme dersleri al\u0131yor. 19 ya\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren yaz aylar\u0131nda bir aile dostlar\u0131n\u0131n Montana\u2019daki at \u00e7iftli\u011finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 6 ya\u015f\u0131ndan beri at binen Dian i\u00e7in bu i\u015f bi\u00e7ilmi\u015f kaftan. E\u011fitimi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kalan, b\u00f6ylece kendine g\u00fcvenmeye ba\u015flayan Dian\u2019in hayvanlara olan tutkusunun burada tekrar alevlendi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131 bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131ya sebep oluyor ve Dian ailesiyle olan son ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 da koparmak pahas\u0131na Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne veterinerlik e\u011fitimi almak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulunuyor. Ailesinden gelen c\u00fczi deste\u011fi de kalmay\u0131nca, zorlu bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131na ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Zaman zaman a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor; o, zay\u0131f ci\u011ferleriyle, k\u0131r\u0131k kemikleriyle t\u0131rnaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u015flerini mevzuya ge\u00e7iren bir kad\u0131n.<\/p>\n

Veterinerlik Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde i\u015fler pek yolunda gitmiyor, en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri her a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6rnek bir \u00f6\u011frenci olan Dian kimya ve fizik gibi baz\u0131 temel bilim derslerinde zorluk ya\u015famaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u0130kinci s\u0131n\u0131ftan sonra San Jose Devlet \u00dcniversite\u2019sinde meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 e\u011fitimi almaya karar veriyor. Dian i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilecek tek meslek, ihtiyac\u0131 olanlara yard\u0131m edebilece\u011fi bir meslek. Mezuniyetinden sonra \u00e7e\u015fitli hastanelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, veremli hastalarla ve otistik \u00e7ocuklarla ilgilenen Dian, daha sonra buradaki deneyimlerini gorillerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda kullanacakt\u0131r. Sadece ileride kullanaca\u011f\u0131 deneyimleri de\u011fil, onu Afrika\u2019ya g\u00f6t\u00fcren tan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 da bu hastanelerden birinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
National Geographic, Dian\u2019\u0131n gorillerle olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 birka\u00e7 kere kapak yapt\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Afrika ve goril d\u00fc\u015fleri ye\u015ferten Leakey tohumlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mesai arkada\u015flar\u0131 Mary White- Michael J. Henry\u2019den dinledi\u011fi Afrika hik\u00e2yeleri ve g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc foto\u011fraflar sayesinde Afrika ya\u015fam\u0131 Dian i\u00e7in \u00e7ekici bir d\u00fc\u015f haline gelir, ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun gidip ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015f.<\/p>\n

Sonunda banka kredisi alarak 7 haftal\u0131k ilk Afrika gezisine \u00e7\u0131kar, daha sonralar\u0131 evi olacak k\u0131taya 1963 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnde ilk defa ayak basar. Bu gezide iki de \u00f6nemli dura\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r; Louis Leakey ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tanzanya ve Amerikal\u0131 zoolog George Schaller\u2019in 1959\u2019da da\u011f gorillerini incelemek i\u00e7in buldu\u011fu Kongo\u2019daki Mikeno Da\u011f\u0131. Dian\u2019in akl\u0131nda Afrika\u2019ya geri d\u00f6n\u00fcp da\u011f gorilleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma fikrinin, kendi deyimiyle tohumlar\u0131, bu gezi s\u0131ras\u0131nda at\u0131l\u0131yor. Sisteki Goriller <\/em>kitab\u0131nda bu ilk heyecandan \u015f\u00f6yle bahseder: \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck maymunlarla bu ilk kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 etkisinden geriye kalan \u00e7ekingen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla birle\u015fen karakterleriydi. G\u00f6n\u00fcls\u00fczce Kabara\u2019dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131m ama, bir \u015fekilde, sisli da\u011flar\u0131n gorilleri hakk\u0131nda daha \u00e7o\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in geri d\u00f6nece\u011fimi biliyordum.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dr. Leakey ile gezileri s\u0131ras\u0131nda paleoantropolog, Dian\u2019e uzun uzun Jane Goodall ve \u015fempanzelerinden bahseder. Jane Goodall gibi Galdikas\u2019\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fck maymunlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ikna eden Leakey\u2019dir. Leakey\u2019e g\u00f6re insan\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in olmazsa olmazd\u0131r b\u00fcy\u00fck maymunlar\u0131 anlamak ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hayvanlarla aralar\u0131na erkeklere g\u00f6re daha az engel koydu\u011fu, bilimin so\u011fuk yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndansa, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bu empatik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 anlamak yolunda daha faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindedir. Y\u00f6ntemleri birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olan bu \u00fc\u00e7 kad\u0131n\u0131n da alanlar\u0131ndaki benzersiz ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, Leakey\u2019in fikrini desteleyecek bir sonu\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Dian\u2019in akl\u0131ndaki o fikir tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n kendi kendine ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sohbetleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda Leakey taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zenle ekildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Tohumlar\u0131 eker, ye\u015fermelerini bekler ve ye\u015feren tohumlar\u0131n topra\u011fa ne kadar sa\u011flam tutunduklar\u0131ndan da emin olur.<\/p>\n

Kentuck\u2019ye i\u015fine geri d\u00f6nen Dian, burada yerel bir dergide Afrika gezisi foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131n ve izlenimlerinin oldu\u011fu bir dizi makale yay\u0131nlar. \u0130lk bulu\u015fmalar\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra Leakey, ulusal konferanslar dizisi kapsam\u0131nda Louisville\u2019de bir konu\u015fma verir. Bu s\u0131rada Dian\u2019le tekrar kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. Kendisine makalelerini g\u00f6stermek isteyen Dian\u2019e, Goodall\u2019\u0131n \u015fempanzelerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f gorilleriyle yapmas\u0131n\u0131 teklif eder.<\/p>\n

Dian bundan sonraki 8 ay\u0131n\u0131, banka kredisini geri \u00f6deyerek, Svahili\u2019yi (1) \u00f6\u011frenerek ve daha \u00f6nce da\u011f gorilleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Scaller\u2019in alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131na yo\u011funla\u015farak ge\u00e7irir. 8 ay sonra, ne kadar zor olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilere,k ama b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kararl\u0131l\u0131kla ger\u00e7ek Afrika ziyaretine \u00e7\u0131kar; k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce ziyaret\u00e7isi oldu\u011fu bu yer onun daimi evi olacakt\u0131r. 1966\u2019da Nairobi\u2019ye var\u0131r, sonralar\u0131 \u201cLily\u201d olacak olan Land-Rover\u2019\u0131 burada al\u0131r ve Kongo\u2019ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Virunga Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kongo yamac\u0131ndan Ruanda yamac\u0131na<\/strong><\/p>\n

Virunga Da\u011f\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in gerekli izinlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra, Shaller\u2019in 7 y\u0131l boyunca kamp kurup \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaylada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Burada Dian 3 farkl\u0131 goril grubu belirler ve onlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 incelemeye ba\u015flar. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck maymunlar\u0131n mimiklerini, hareketlerini, \u00fcrkek tav\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 yeme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemler, onlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131klar\u0131 seslere a\u015fina olur. \u0130nsan hayvan ili\u015fkisinde \u00e7izgiyi hayvanlar\u0131n belirledi\u011fi noktada tutmak gerekti\u011fini, onlardan hen\u00fcz haz\u0131r olmad\u0131klar\u0131 bir ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc beklememeyi \u00f6\u011frenir. Dian\u2019in gorillerin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlerken g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bu ba\u015far\u0131, otistik \u00e7ocuklarla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyime dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dian gorilleri tan\u0131maya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ama hen\u00fcz onlarla yak\u0131n temasta bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Virunga Da\u011f\u0131 gorillerini sadece uzaktan g\u00f6zlemler. Kongo\u2019da ya\u015fanan i\u00e7 sava\u015f, sonunda Dian\u2019in kamp\u0131na da u\u011frar. 1967\u2019de 10 ayl\u0131k Virunga \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ard\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131p Kabara\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 \u201ckibarca\u201d istenir. \u0130ki hafta boyunca Rumangala\u2019da askeri kampta tutuklu kald\u0131ktan sonra ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131r. Kigali\u2019de Dr. Leakey\u2019le bulu\u015furlar. Kolay kolay vazge\u00e7ecek biri de\u011fildir Dian ve gorillerin i\u00e7 sava\u015ftan haberdar bile olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, Virunga Da\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki ya\u015famlar\u0131na devam ettiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Karar verilmi\u015ftir, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma da\u011f\u0131n Ruanda taraf\u0131ndaki yamac\u0131nda devam edecektir. Dian buradaki kampa, Karisimbi ve Visoke Volkanlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n isimlerini verir: Karisoke.<\/p>\n

\"\"Dian ve Digit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karisoke\u2019de ilk goril grubuyla 1967\u2019nin Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r, onlar art\u0131k Grup 4\u2019t\u00fcr. \u0130lk ba\u015flarda Dian grubu uzaktan d\u00fcrb\u00fcnle dakikalarca g\u00f6zlemler. 14 bireylik grubun lideri muhte\u015fem g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fs\u0131rtl\u0131 Bert Amca\u2019d\u0131r. Dian, burun \u00e7izgileri her birinde farkl\u0131 olan gorilleri birbirlerinden ay\u0131rt etmeyi \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir, Dian, g\u00f6z\u00fcnde her biri ayr\u0131 bir birey haline gelen gorillere isim vermeye de ba\u015flar. Ailesini korumak i\u00e7in her \u015feyi yapabilecek devasa muhte\u015fem yarat\u0131\u011fa, \u00e7ocuklu\u011funun tek koruyucu fig\u00fcr\u00fc Bert Amcas\u0131n\u0131n ismini verir. Grubun gen\u00e7 erkek \u00fcyesinin ne kadar oyuncu oldu\u011fu da Dian\u2019in ilk g\u00f6zlemlerindendir. Goril ailesi taraf\u0131ndan ilk fark edildi\u011finde Dian\u2019le uzun uzun g\u00f6z temas\u0131 kuracak olan gen\u00e7 erkektir bu. Sonralar\u0131 daha yak\u0131n bir temasta Dian onun orta parma\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fmu\u015f, bir gen\u00e7lik yaras\u0131ndan kalma \u015fi\u015fli\u011fi fark eder; uzun bir aray\u0131\u015ftan sonra gen\u00e7 erkek de kendi ismini bulmu\u015ftur, Digit (2).<\/p>\n

Dian\u2019in Karoseke\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki ayr\u0131 goril grubu daha vard\u0131r, Grup 5 ve Grup 8. Uzun s\u00fcre gorilleri g\u00f6zlemleyen Dian, sonra yava\u015f yava\u015f onlara kendini takdim eder, bu takdim s\u00fcreci de aylar alacakt\u0131r. Sonunda gorillerle ilk fiziksel temas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir, Dian daha sonra Fasi Ya Mkoni (Ellerin Mek\u00e2n\u0131) ad\u0131n\u0131 verece\u011fi yerde, kollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde yatarken Grup 8\u2019in gen\u00e7 erkek \u00fcyesi Peanuts ona yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve bir anl\u0131\u011f\u0131na onun eline dokunmu\u015ftur. Bu muhte\u015fem an\u0131 yakalamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 Bob Campbell\u2019in karesi, sanki Dian\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir r\u00fcyaym\u0131\u015f gibi bulan\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dian\u2019in gorillerle ili\u015fkisi bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her biri bir isimle birlikte karakter kazan\u0131rlar. Goriller Dian\u2019in bilimsel nesneleri de\u011fil, ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun koruyaca\u011f\u0131 ailesi haline gelir, ilk ve tek ailesi. \u00d6zellikle Digit kendi grubundaki tek ya\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan k\u0131z karde\u015fini ba\u015fka gruplara kapt\u0131r\u0131nca, (di\u015fi gorillerin grup de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi ya da ba\u015fka gruplar taraf\u0131ndan onlara el konulmas\u0131 ola\u011fan bir goril davran\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r), Dian\u2019i, grubun g\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc olma g\u00f6revini ciddiyetle \u00fcstlenene kadar, oyun arkada\u015f\u0131 ilan eder. Dian de onun bu yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendi \u00e7ocuklu\u011funun izlerini bulur.<\/p>\n

Kamptaki di\u011fer g\u00f6zlemcilerin izlenimlerine g\u00f6re de Dian ve Digit aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f \u00e7ok \u00f6zeldir. Ba\u015fka herhangi bir hayvan ve herhangi bir insan aras\u0131nda, bir evcil hayvanla sahibi aras\u0131nda bile kurulamayacak, b\u00fct\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7lardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z e\u015fit bir ili\u015fki. Dian ve Digit birbirlerini bulmu\u015f, tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve benimsemi\u015flerdir. Dian\u2019in Digit\u2019ten \u201carkada\u015f\u0131m\u201d diye bahsetmesi bundand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer gorillerin de Dian\u2019le ili\u015fkisi di\u011fer t\u00fcm g\u00f6zlemcilerle oldu\u011fundan daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir insanla, Dian\u2019le oldu\u011fu kadar yak\u0131nla\u015fmayan goriller i\u00e7inde, Digit ile Dian aralar\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koyacak \u015fekilde birbirlerinin g\u00f6zlerine bakarlar. Dian\u2019in \u015fans\u0131 ya da \u015fans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, insanlarla en yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiyi kurabilen bu maymunlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u015eans\u0131yd\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan; \u015fans\u0131zd\u0131, ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 benzersiz deneyimden. Ancak bu sevgi kelimenin ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00c7ocuklu\u011funun incinmi\u015f korunmaya muhta\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcre\u011fine sahipti Dian ve hi\u00e7bir candan sava\u015fmadan vazge\u00e7emezdi. Gorilleri i\u00e7in sava\u015fmas\u0131 vakti geldi\u011finde de bunu yapacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"Dian\u2019\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dian\u2019in verdi\u011fi tek sava\u015f, goriller i\u00e7in olan\u0131 de\u011fildir. Afrika hayat\u0131 en ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren bir m\u00fccadele, bir ya\u015fam sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r onun i\u00e7in. Y\u00fcksek da\u011flar\u0131n az oksijenli ve nemli havas\u0131 ast\u0131ml\u0131 bir \u00e7ocuk, a\u011f\u0131r bir sigara i\u00e7icisi olan Dian\u2019in ci\u011ferleri i\u00e7in pek de iyi de\u011fildir. Y\u0131ldan y\u0131la zay\u0131flayan b\u00fcnyesiyle g\u00fcnl\u00fck kamp ya\u015fam\u0131 bir meydan okumaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. G\u00fcnl\u00fck y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri, \u00f6\u011frencilerininkinden \u00e7ok daha fazla zaman al\u0131r, onlar\u0131n rahatl\u0131kla t\u0131rmand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bay\u0131rlar Dian\u2019e birer eziyettir. Zorlu da\u011f t\u0131rman\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda meydana gelen kemik k\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131, eklem zedelenmeleri de cabas\u0131. Zorlu bir hayat ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Dian ve zorlu bir kad\u0131nd\u0131r. Hastal\u0131klar onu de\u011fil y\u0131ld\u0131rmak, tedavi olmak i\u00e7in kamptan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na bile neden olmaz. Taa ki bir k\u00f6pek taraf\u0131ndan \u0131s\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kuduz belirtileri g\u00f6sterene kadar. Kamptan ayr\u0131lamaz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00f6z konusu kamp ise kimseye, \u00f6\u011frencilerine bile g\u00fcvenemez. Can\u0131 pahas\u0131na koruyaca\u011f\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131 bir anl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bile terk edemez. Tutkuyu da a\u015fan kendini par\u00e7alarcas\u0131na \u00fcstlendi\u011fi bu g\u00f6revle, her an, her yerden gelebilecek k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 kol kanat gerdi\u011fi ihtiya\u00e7 sahibi, belki de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Dian\u2019den ba\u015fkas\u0131 de\u011fildir. T\u00fcm bunlar, Dian\u2019in delili\u011finin ilk belirtileri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Onun paranoyak\u00e7a bekledi\u011fi k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Yerli kabilelerin avlanmak i\u00e7in kurduklar\u0131 kapanlara gorillerin de tak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7 insanlar\u0131n\u0131n her \u015feye sahip olma iste\u011fiyle, hayvanat bah\u00e7elerine yavru bir goril ya da zenginlerin birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz dolar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 evlerini s\u00fcslemek i\u00e7in bir goril kafas\u0131, sigaralar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcllerini silkelemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak devasa goril elleri talep etmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131yla, eskide kalm\u0131\u015f goril avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yeniden ba\u015flar. Eti yenmeyen bu hayvanlar\u0131n organlar\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yerel halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck malzemesidir; g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise \u201cuygar\u201d insan\u0131n istedi\u011fi her \u015feye sahip olabilece\u011finin bir g\u00f6stergesi halini al\u0131r. Elbette goril avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasakt\u0131r. Gorillerin ulusal park b\u00fcnyesinde, Ruanda Devleti taraf\u0131ndan korunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ama Afrika\u2019da i\u015fler farkl\u0131d\u0131r, Afrikal\u0131lar farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir yavru goril i\u00e7in, Avrupa\u2019daki bir hayvanat bah\u00e7esiyle anla\u015fan yetkililer, grup halinde bir aile gibi ya\u015fayan gorillerin o yavruyu korurken avc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan topluca katledilece\u011fini bilmezler ya da umursamazlar. Bu noktada i\u015f Dian\u2019e kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Da\u011f\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 da gorilleri kurtaramayacakt\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sevgili Digit\u2019inin de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle i\u015fler \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar. Dian kendi y\u00f6ntemlerini geli\u015ftirecektir, bu y\u00f6ntemler pek \u00e7oklar\u0131na g\u00f6re ac\u0131mas\u0131z, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r, \u00fcstelik Dian\u2019in kendi sonunu getirecek kadar y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131. \u00c7ocuklu\u011funda s\u0131cak bir aile hayat\u0131 olmayan Dian\u2019in, kad\u0131nca \u00f6zlemini duydu\u011fu, onun i\u00e7in her \u015feyden vazge\u00e7erek gorillerle ya\u015famay\u0131 kabul eden, ona eksikli\u011fini bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc dolduramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yuvay\u0131, kendi \u00f6z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 verecek adam, o bir\u00e7ok talibinin aras\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Ve Dian t\u00fcm hayat\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcm varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n can noktas\u0131 gibi, bildi\u011fi tek aileyi vah\u015fice korur.<\/p>\n

Buldu\u011fu t\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemler Dian\u2019in ilkel taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kma gibidir. Sanki yabanda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 onca zaman i\u00e7inde, gorillerde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kendi do\u011fas\u0131d\u0131r; insan\u0131n vah\u015fi, ilkel do\u011fas\u0131. Avc\u0131 Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131 kendi b\u00f6lgesinden uzak tutmak i\u00e7in onlar\u0131 en zay\u0131f olduklar\u0131 taraflar\u0131ndan vurur. Her \u015feyi anlaml\u0131 k\u0131lan, her \u015feyi bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131ran, olaylar\u0131n birbiriyle ili\u015fkisini koparan olabilecek en ger\u00e7ekle, b\u00fcy\u00fcyle. Bunun i\u00e7in her yol mubaht\u0131r; uyu\u015fturucu haplar, korkun\u00e7 maskeler, ojeyle a\u011fa\u00e7lara \u00e7izilmi\u015f cad\u0131 resimleri; hatta her t\u00fcrl\u00fc psikolojik ve fiziki i\u015fkence. Dian\u2019in ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok para \u00f6dedi\u011fi maskesinin ard\u0131ndan \u201cBen bu da\u011f\u0131n tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131y\u0131m, siz benim \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcn\u00fcz, ben de sizi \u00f6ld\u00fcrece\u011fim\u201d tehditleri; haplarla bay\u0131ltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 avc\u0131ya uyan\u0131nca, \u201cSenin akl\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131m, bir daha buraya gelirsen yine al\u0131r\u0131m, ama bu sefer geri vermem\u201d deyi\u015fi; olaylar\u0131n tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en masum hik\u00e2yelerdendir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Dian Fossey\u2019in mezar\u0131 Karisoke\u2019de, katledilen gorili Digit ile yan yana. Dian\u2019\u0131n mezar ta\u015f\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor: \u201cNYIRAMACHABELLI\u201d (da\u011fda yaln\u0131z ya\u015fayan kad\u0131n) \/ DIAN FOSSEY \/ 1932 \u2013 1985 \/ K\u0130MSE GOR\u0130LLER\u0130 DAHA FAZLA SEVMED\u0130 \/ HUZUR \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE UYU, SEVG\u0130L\u0130 ARKADA\u015eIMIZ \/ SONSUZA KADAR KORUNMALISIN \/ BU KUTSAL TOPRAKTA \/ \u00c7\u00dcNK\u00dc A\u0130T OLDU\u011eUN EV\u0130NDES\u0130N\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sonunda Dian\u2019in hayvanlar\u0131 koruma tutkusu onu insanlardan uzakla\u015ft\u0131racak, delili\u011fi yerel halk\u0131 kendisine d\u00fc\u015fman edecek a\u015famaya ula\u015facakt\u0131r. Dian ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fini \u00e7oktan b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; zaten kendini yerden yere vura vura geldi\u011fi bu noktada, gorilleri korumak konusunda da bir \u015feyler yapamayacak durumdad\u0131r. Kimilerine g\u00f6re yanl\u0131\u015f se\u00e7imler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Dian, ama ben onun vicdan\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131ramayaca\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fcstelik bunu bile bile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Benim i\u00e7in Dian\u2019in (1932-1985) hik\u00e2yesinin sonu olduk\u00e7a \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131, deli\u011fin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda dola\u015f\u0131p durdu\u011fu zamanlarda gece uykusundayken \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve katili asla bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil; Kwell, Morchessa, Puck ve onlarca daha arkada\u015f\u0131 ve Digit\u2019le yan yana g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n

Dipnotlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Svahili: Tanzanya, Kenya, Uganda ve Afrika Birli\u011fi\u2019nin resmi dili.<\/p>\n

2) Digit: \u0130ng. parmak.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) http:\/\/gorillafund.org\/page.aspx?pid=379<\/p>\n

2) http:\/\/womenshistory.about.com\/od\/environment\/a\/dian_fossey.htm<\/p>\n

3) Sy Montgomery, Walking with the Great Apes \u2013Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey, Birut<\/em>\u00e8 Galdikas-<\/em>, Chelsea Green Publishing, 2009, 281 s.<\/p>\n

4) Gorillas in the Mist: The Story of Dian Fossey<\/em> filmi (Sisteki Goriller<\/em>), Y\u00f6netmen: Michael Apted, 1988, ABD yap\u0131m\u0131. (Oyuncu Sigourney Weaver\u2019in Dian Fossey\u2019i canland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 film, 46. Alt\u0131n K\u00fcre \u00d6d\u00fclleri\u2019nde, 1989\u2019da e En \u0130yi Kad\u0131n Oyuncu ve En \u0130yi \u00d6zg\u00fcn M\u00fczik \u00d6d\u00fcllerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nazan Mahsereci Dian\u2019in gorillerle ili\u015fkisi bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her biri bir isimle birlikte karakter kazan\u0131rlar. Goriller Dian\u2019in bilimsel nesneleri de\u011fil, ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun koruyaca\u011f\u0131 ailesi haline gelir, ilk ve tek ailesi. Dian t\u00fcm hayat\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcm varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n can noktas\u0131 gibi, bildi\u011fi tek aileyi vah\u015fice korur. Buldu\u011fu t\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemler Dian\u2019in ilkel taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kma gibidir. Sanki yabanda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":224,"featured_media":26481,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[159,211,1464],"tags":[3424,3423,2542,1545],"class_list":["post-26476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-122-sayi","category-antropoloji","category-dosya","tag-dian-fossey","tag-goriller","tag-kadin-bilimciler","tag-primatoloji"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t