\u201c\u0130nsana i\u015fe yaramaz oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren \u015fark\u0131lardan nefret ediyorum. \u0130nsana bu d\u00fcnyaya kaybetmeye geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren \u015fark\u0131lardan… \u201d Bu s\u00f6zler Amerikal\u0131 bir ozana ait, Woody Guthrie\u2019e.<\/p>\n
Guthrie, pek uzun say\u0131lmayacak \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna kadar \u00fczerine \u201cThis Machine Kills Fascists\u201d (Bu makine fa\u015fistleri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr) yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gitar\u0131yla yoksullarla, i\u015f\u00e7ilerle alay eden, onlar\u0131n \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n zoruyla bi\u00e7imlenen ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 ayaklar alt\u0131na al\u0131p kaderden sayan \u015fark\u0131larla m\u00fccadele eder. Bununla da yetinmez; t\u0131pk\u0131 kendisinin ve ailesinin oldu\u011fu gibi ya\u015famlar\u0131 zorlukla ge\u00e7en ezilenlerin, g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 dert edinerek \u00e7e\u015fitli etkinliklerde bulunur. 1929 ekonomik bunal\u0131m\u0131yla, bankalar\u0131n ve m\u00fclk sahiplerinin yerlerinden etti\u011fi yoksullarla, California\u2019da barakalarda, sokakta ya\u015famaya mecbur etti\u011fi g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin sefalet dolu ya\u015famlar\u0131yla ilgili yaz\u0131lar yazar. \u015eark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n konusu da daha \u00e7ok tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fi, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ya\u015famlara dair ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
Guthrie bir ozand\u0131r, ama m\u00fccadelesini sadece \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fcten bir salon sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir. Sesi oldu\u011fu yoksullar\u0131n, \u00e7aresizlerin yan\u0131nda, onlarla birlikte m\u00fccadele eder. End\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m\u0131 ve kapitalizmi lanetleyen sendikal faaliyetlerde yer al\u0131r. O y\u0131llarda m\u00fclk sahiplerinin devasa \u00e7iftlikler kurmak i\u00e7in yerlerinden etti\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7iler bir yandan yoksulluklar\u0131yla bo\u011fu\u015furken \u00f6te taraftan Amerika\u2019n\u0131n bilinen toz kas\u0131rgalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na getirdi\u011fi felaketlerle u\u011fra\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu f\u0131rt\u0131nalar sadece ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki d\u00fczl\u00fckleri i\u015flenmez hale getirmekle kalmaz, bar\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 ah\u015fap evleri y\u0131karak her y\u0131l onlarca insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olur. K\u0131z karde\u015fi k\u00f6hne ah\u015fap evlerinde \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nda \u00f6len, yine babas\u0131 bu yang\u0131nlardan birinde \u00f6l\u00fcmden d\u00f6nen Guthrie, yaz\u0131n nemle b\u00fck\u00fclen ve akkar\u0131ncalar\u0131n istilas\u0131na u\u011frayan, o ya da bu nedenle \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk alev ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u0131\u011f\u0131nla insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olan, f\u0131rt\u0131nalarda adeta darmada\u011f\u0131n olan ah\u015fap evlere kar\u015f\u0131 alternatif bir fikre sar\u0131l\u0131r. Toprak ev…<\/p>\n
Guthrie\u2019nin 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Toprak Ev<\/em> kendi ya\u015fam\u0131na tuttu\u011fu bir ayna gibi. Ozan\u0131n elli be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcren hayat\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 haks\u0131zl\u0131klara, yoksullu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyle ge\u00e7er. Yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 onlarca makale, g\u00fcnl\u00fckler, mektuplar ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 resimler gibi \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00e7ok sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kitab\u0131 Toprak Ev<\/em>, bu m\u00fccadeleci ya\u015fam\u0131n ger\u00e7ek, ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6zetidir adeta.<\/p>\n Yazar, parag\u00f6z \u00e7ift\u00e7ilere kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadeleyi roman\u0131n yoksul \u00e7ift(\u00e7iler)i Tike ve Ella Hamlin \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. Guthrie f\u0131rt\u0131nan\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na, ah\u015fap evlerin korunaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, bankalar\u0131n ve zengin m\u00fclk sahiplerinin talan\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7areyi, daha \u00e7ok hik\u00e2yenin erkek kahraman\u0131 Tike dolay\u0131m\u0131yla ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Tike\u2019\u0131n e\u015fi Ella\u2019n\u0131n babas\u0131, toprak istilac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin temsilcisi olarak hik\u00e2yedeki yerini al\u0131r. Ella\u2019n\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131z parag\u00f6z babas\u0131, \u00e7iftin sefalet dolu ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamam\u0131z i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir tiplemedir.<\/p>\n Tike\u2019\u0131n e\u015fi Ella ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmalar hem g\u00fcndelik ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n ve gelecek planlar\u0131n\u0131n endi\u015fesini hem de aralar\u0131ndaki cinsel ba\u011f\u0131n, ili\u015fkinin derinli\u011fini okuyucuya t\u00fcm a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabal\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131r. Kabal\u0131k yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 metne dair bir olumlama, ironik bir ifade asl\u0131nda. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kitapta olduk\u00e7a mesafesiz anlat\u0131lan sevi\u015fme b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine sistemin cinsellik \u00fczerine kapad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcyle yakla\u015fanlar k\u0131smen hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011frayacaklar. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere samimi bir \u015fekilde yakla\u015fanlar ise kimi ele\u015ftirel yorumlar yapsalar bile rahats\u0131z olmayacaklar.<\/p>\n Toprak Ev<\/em> sadece yoksul ve m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir \u00e7iftin yokluklar\u0131yla, g\u00fcndelik dertleriyle, hayalleriyle yal\u0131n ve yer yer kaba hayat\u0131 olarak okundu\u011funda dahi \u00e7ok \u015fey anlat\u0131r. Ama bu hayatta bundan daha \u00f6tesi yok mudur? Hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ge\u00e7irebilecekleri bir ta\u015f ev, bir ocak, ya\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmelerine olanak verecek kiras\u0131z bir toprak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc… Hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle g\u00fcvencesizle\u015ftiren kapitalizmden ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fumuzun en m\u00fctevaz\u0131 ifadesi bu de\u011fil midir? Ya da toplumcu ya\u015fam denilen \u015fey, kabaca, insanlar\u0131n d\u00fcr\u00fcst\u00e7e \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in gereksinim duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 elde edebildi\u011fi sade bir ya\u015fam de\u011filse nedir? Tike ve Ella\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 da, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 da bu y\u00f6ndedir.<\/p>\n Yazar\u0131n daha \u00e7ok Tike\u2019\u0131n anlat\u0131mlar\u0131yla bize ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc betimlemeler de olduk\u00e7a ilgi \u00e7ekici. Bir insan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin co\u011frafyas\u0131na her anlamda bu denli hakim olmas\u0131, iyi g\u00f6zlemleyebilmesi, ya\u015fam\u0131 daha kuvvetli yorumlamas\u0131n\u0131, kendinden \u00f6te \u015feyleri de g\u00f6rmesini getiriyor beraberinde. Woody Guthrie bunu ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f. Kitab\u0131n Johnny Depp ve Douglas Brinkley taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan sunu\u015f yaz\u0131s\u0131nda hayat\u0131 ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi edindi\u011fimiz ozan\u0131n roman\u0131 da ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frular nitelikte. Samimi, zarif ve m\u00fccadeleci. Bu samimiyet bahsetti\u011fim Toprak Ev<\/em>\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6\u015felerine s\u0131zm\u0131\u015f. Sizlerin de bu eve u\u011framan\u0131z\u0131 ve o k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, ama nefes almak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck u\u011fra\u015f veren aileyi ziyaret etmenizi \u00f6neririm.<\/p>\n – Toprak Ev, Woody Guthrie, Johnny Depp ve Douglas Brinkley\u2019in sunu\u015fuyla, \u00c7ev.: Evrim \u00d6nc\u00fcl, Kolektif Kitap, 2014, 218 s.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u201c\u0130nsana i\u015fe yaramaz oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren \u015fark\u0131lardan nefret ediyorum. \u0130nsana bu d\u00fcnyaya kaybetmeye geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren \u015fark\u0131lardan… \u201d Bu s\u00f6zler Amerikal\u0131 bir ozana ait, Woody Guthrie\u2019e. Guthrie, pek uzun say\u0131lmayacak \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna kadar \u00fczerine \u201cThis Machine Kills Fascists\u201d (Bu makine fa\u015fistleri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr) yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gitar\u0131yla yoksullarla, i\u015f\u00e7ilerle alay eden, onlar\u0131n \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n zoruyla bi\u00e7imlenen ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 ayaklar alt\u0131na al\u0131p […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":350,"featured_media":26531,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[159,511],"tags":[210,3435],"class_list":["post-26530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-122-sayi","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-kitap","tag-woody-guthrie"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t