{"id":26695,"date":"2018-07-06T07:12:52","date_gmt":"2018-07-06T04:12:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=26695"},"modified":"2018-07-04T11:27:06","modified_gmt":"2018-07-04T08:27:06","slug":"nasa-bilinen-evrendeki-en-soguk-noktayi-yaratma-yolunda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/07\/06\/nasa-bilinen-evrendeki-en-soguk-noktayi-yaratma-yolunda","title":{"rendered":"NASA, bilinen evrendeki en so\u011fuk noktay\u0131 yaratma yolunda"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Herkes evrenin \u00e7ok so\u011fuk oldu\u011funu bilir. \u015eimdi ise evrendeki s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc evreni ara\u015ft\u0131ran cesur bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n yeni hedefi, evrende g\u00f6zlemlenebilecek en so\u011fuk noktay\u0131 yarat\u0131p kuantum d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ait par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n hareketlerini bu ko\u015fullarda g\u00f6zlemleyebilmek.. Hem de Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu ISS\u2019in i\u00e7inde\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMaddeleri, normalde bulunduklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda inceleyece\u011fiz.\u201d diyor Rob Thompson, NASA ve MIT\u2019ye ait Jet Populsion Labratory fizik\u00e7ilerinden. Mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r(absolute zero), evrendeki atomlar\u0131n atomluklar\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi ve t\u00fcm hareketin teorik olarak durdu\u011fu, evrendeki en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa verilen isim\u2026 0 K\u2019de (yakla\u015f\u0131k 273\u030a C), hareket etti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz her \u015fey donacakt\u0131r. Mutlak s\u0131f\u0131rdaki bir ortamda bulunan maddeler art\u0131k kendi maddesel \u00f6zelliklerini belli etmeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p ayn\u0131la\u015fmaya ba\u015flarlar, son a\u015famada ise art\u0131k atomlar gibi enerji yaymay\u0131p da b\u0131rak\u0131p teorik olarak \u201cdururlar\u201d. Davran\u015flar\u0131 t\u0131pk\u0131 bir &#8220;kuantum&#8221; gibi yani&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Kuantum mekani\u011fi, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n, yani fotonun, hareket kurallar\u0131yla atomlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131na ait hareket ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 inceler. Buna g\u00f6re par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n diyar\u0131na k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir yolculuk yaparsak fark\u0131na var\u0131r\u0131z ki; kuantum par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k gibi, baz\u0131 zamanlarda dalga gibi hareket edebiliyor. &#8220;Kuantum D\u00fcnyas\u0131&#8221; dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey de budur asl\u0131nda. Bizleri var eden maddelerin t\u0131pk\u0131 evdendeki di\u011fer maddeler ve geri kalanlar\u0131n hepsi, onlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan par\u00e7ac\u0131klara indi\u011fimizde \u00e7o\u011fu zaman madde gibi mi yoksa dalga gibi mi davran\u0131yor ay\u0131rt edemiyoruz. Kuantum par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131, olas\u0131l\u0131klar \u00fczerine kuruludur.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26698\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26698\" style=\"width: 320px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26698\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/nasa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/nasa.jpg 320w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/nasa-300x158.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26698\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eric Cornell ve Carl Wieman, Bose-Einstein yo\u011fu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 laboratuar ortam\u0131nda kan\u0131tlad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda, kendilerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapan Wolfgang Ketterle ile Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc payla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Kat\u0131hal ve kuantum fizik\u00e7ileri, bu durumu daha iyi alg\u0131layabilmek amac\u0131yla mutlak s\u0131f\u0131ra inmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yorlar. B\u00f6ylece \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131klar tam anlam\u0131yla hareket etmeyi b\u0131rakacaklar ve b\u00f6ylece bizler de teorik olarak o par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n nas\u0131l davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayaca\u011f\u0131z. Biliminsanlar\u0131, tam anlam\u0131yla istedikleri bu konumu sa\u011flayamasalar da, bu duruma \u00e7ok benzer ko\u015fullar\u0131 90lar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 bir kurulun birka\u00e7 milyon Ribidium atomlar\u0131n\u0131 mutlak s\u0131f\u0131ra \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa kadar so\u011futtular ve atom \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki kuarklar gibi ufak par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n hareketlerine nihayet biraz da olsa a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirdiler. \u00a0Bu deneyin ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Sodyum atomlar\u0131nda da deneyen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar yine ayn\u0131 sonuca ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, hatta bu ke\u015fiflerinden dolay\u0131 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ulusal Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc&#8217;nden(National Istitute of Technology)\u00a0 Eric Cornell, Kolorado \u00dcniversitesinden Carl Weiman ve MIT&#8217;den Wolfgang Ketterle; Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc payla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Peki ya bulunan \u015fey, bizim merak\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 biraz da olsa gideren o bulu\u015f neydi?<\/p>\n<p>Bir madde, par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131yla birlikte mutlak s\u0131f\u0131ra yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a, sahip oldu\u011fu kinetik enerjiyi yitirmeye ba\u015flar. D\u0131\u015far\u0131ya ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc miktarlarda \u0131s\u0131 veren maddenin, en sonunda kendini hareket ettirecek bile enerjisi kalmaz\u2026 Bu ko\u015fullar sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yo\u011fu\u015fan madde \u00f6yle bir onuma gelir ki, etraftaki di\u011fer t\u00fcm atomlarla birle\u015ferek tek bir dalga halini al\u0131r. Bunun sonucunda ise maddenin, dalga gibi davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131kl\u0131k edersiniz.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26699\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26699\" style=\"width: 320px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26699\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/nasa2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/nasa2.jpg 320w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/nasa2-300x155.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26699\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bose-Einstein yo\u011fu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden tablo\u2026 Madde mutlak s\u0131f\u0131ra yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a atomik \u00f6zelliklerini yitirir. Sa\u011fda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkte enerji yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsunuz. D\u0131\u015far\u0131ya ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc miktarlarda \u0131s\u0131 veren maddenin sonunda kendini hareket ettirecek bile enerjisi kalmaz.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Atomlar\u0131n, mutlak s\u0131f\u0131r alt\u0131ndaki bu kesin duru\u015flar\u0131, 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Albert Einstein ve Satyendra Bose taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nceden tahmin edilmi\u015fti. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131nda da bu tahminlerimizi pratikte kan\u0131tlama olana\u011f\u0131na sahip olduk.<\/p>\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu\u2019nda(ISS) in\u015fa edilecek olan Cold Atom Labratory(CAL), insanlar taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilmi\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck so\u011futucu olacak. Ayr\u0131ca yer\u00e7ekimsiz ve bo\u015fluk i\u00e7erisinde olan bir ortam olan ISS\u2019te in\u015fa edilece\u011finden dolay\u0131 daha net sonu\u00e7lar elde edilebilecek.<\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmadan sorumlu Rob Thompson\u2019a g\u00f6re CAL, s\u0131radan insanlar\u0131n kuantum d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 anlamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak bir kap\u0131 olacak, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc e\u011fer ger\u00e7ekten mutlak s\u0131f\u0131ra \u00e7ok yak\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda kuantum par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 bir dalga halini alacak kadar yo\u011fu\u015furlarsa, uygun dalga boyunu ayarlayarak bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 insan g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi kadar b\u00fcy\u00fctmek teorik olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacak. CAL\u2019\u0131n, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar tamam\u0131yla in\u015fa edilmesi planlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Herkes evrenin \u00e7ok so\u011fuk oldu\u011funu bilir. \u015eimdi ise evrendeki s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc evreni ara\u015ft\u0131ran cesur bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n yeni hedefi, evrende g\u00f6zlemlenebilecek en so\u011fuk noktay\u0131 yarat\u0131p kuantum d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ait par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n hareketlerini bu ko\u015fullarda g\u00f6zlemleyebilmek.. Hem de Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu ISS\u2019in i\u00e7inde\u2026 \u201cMaddeleri, normalde bulunduklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda inceleyece\u011fiz.\u201d diyor Rob [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":512,"featured_media":26696,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[158,30,19,26],"tags":[657,328,628,3453],"class_list":["post-26695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-121-sayi","category-astronomi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-fizik","tag-evren","tag-kuantum-fizigi","tag-nasa","tag-sicaklik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26695","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/512"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26695"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26695\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26695"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26695"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}