Pop\u00fcler de olsa, bilim kitab\u0131 bildi\u011fimiz bilim kitab\u0131d\u0131r; teknik ve s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r deyip \u00a0yaz\u0131y\u0131 okumaktan vazge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, l\u00fctfen kulak verin: S\u00f6z edece\u011fim kitapta, bildi\u011finiz bilim kitaplar\u0131ndan de\u011fil, \u00e7ocuklu\u011funuzdan an\u0131msayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir ses var. Size ilk okunan ve sizin de kendi kendinize okuyabildi\u011finiz ilk kitaplardan. Hani \u00e7o\u011funlukla hayvanlar\u0131n, nadiren bitkilerin ve daha da nadiren nesnelerin insan gibi konu\u015ftu\u011fu, insan benzeri duygulara sahip oldu\u011fu ve insan gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp, insan gibi davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131; genel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u201cmasal\u201d, \u00f6zel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u201cfabl\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilen anlat\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden s\u00f6z ediyorum.<\/p>\n
Belle\u011fimizde hemen Ezop ve La Fontaine gibi isimlerle e\u015fle\u015fse de, fabllar, asl\u0131nda insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 anlat\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yorlar. Yaz\u0131y\u0131 ke\u015ffeden S\u00fcmerler, tabletlerine, insan ili\u015fkilerini uyarlad\u0131klar\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131n masallar\u0131n\u0131 da kaz\u0131m\u0131\u015flar. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmalar\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7 alarak bunlardan \u201cilk\u201d diye s\u00f6z etmekte beis g\u00f6rm\u00fcyoruz; ama insana dair \u00f6yk\u00fclerin do\u011fadaki canl\u0131lar ve cans\u0131zlar \u00fczerinden anlat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u00fc anlat\u0131 gelene\u011findeki tarihinin, yaz\u0131dan \u00e7ok daha eskiye gidiyor olabilece\u011fi, do\u011fruluk olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir kestirimdir. \u0130nsan\u0131n \u00e7evrelendi\u011fi do\u011faya, \u00f6teden beri kendi \u00f6rnekli\u011fi \u00fczerinden bakmak e\u011filiminde oldu\u011fu rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n
Evrenle S\u00f6yle\u015filer<\/em>\u2019de de, insans\u0131 \u00f6zellikler, insan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 do\u011faya y\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir; ama biraz farkl\u0131 olarak… San\u0131r\u0131m \u201cEvrenle S\u00f6yle\u015filer\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, dergimizin sad\u0131k okurlar\u0131 bir \u015feyler an\u0131msar gibi oldu: Evet evet, an\u0131msad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z gibi, yazar\u0131n\u0131n, bir anlat\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak fabl\u0131 \u201cEvren \u00e7ap\u0131na\u201d \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u201catomalt\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fe\u201d indirdi\u011fi Evrenle S\u00f6yle\u015filer (kuarklardan kara deliklere)<\/em> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131, Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em>\u2019te yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u0131l boyunca, s\u00f6yle\u015fi s\u00f6yle\u015fi yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n J\u00fcpiter bir kaybeden, n\u00f6tron kompleksli, bozon kavgac\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu s\u00f6yle\u015filerde, kuantum mekani\u011fi ve genel g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7ok say\u0131da bilimsel makalenin yazar\u0131 olan fizik\u00e7i, akademisyen Richard T. Hammord, Evren\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve en ilgi \u00e7ekici nesnelerini s\u00f6yle\u015fi format\u0131nda konu\u015fturmu\u015ftur; kay\u0131t aletini sarmal g\u00f6kadaya, kara deli\u011fe, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019imize, kuazara, yan\u0131 s\u0131ra uranyum atomuna, kuarka, sicime ve hatta antimaddeye ve bo\u015flu\u011fa da uzatmaktan \u00e7ekinmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc do\u011fal nesneler, kendilerine y\u00f6neltilen, olu\u015fumlar\u0131, ke\u015ffedili\u015fleri, \u00f6zellikleri, tarih\u00e7eleri ve haklar\u0131ndaki kuramlara dair sorular\u0131 yan\u0131tlarken; insans\u0131 psikolojiler tak\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olarak \u00e7\u0131karlar kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za. J\u00fcpiter, bir y\u0131ld\u0131z olabilecekken ancak bir gezegen olabildi\u011fi i\u00e7in, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc bir ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rmeye tak\u0131l\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; sarmal g\u00f6kada k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsendi\u011fini sanarak al\u0131nganl\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir; n\u00f6tron n\u00f6tr olmay\u0131 \u00f6zelliksiz olmakla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirerek, proton ve elektrona \u00f6yk\u00fcnmektedir;\u00a0 bozon ondan \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 fermiyonla didi\u015fmektedir; bo\u015fluk, \u201cDo\u011fa bo\u015fluktan ho\u015flanmaz\u201d laf\u0131m\u0131za sinir olmaktad\u0131r…<\/p>\n Yazar, Evren\u2019in en temel cisimlerini ya da atomalt\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 konu\u015ftururken, onlar hakk\u0131ndaki pek\u00e2l\u00e2 teknik olabilecek bilgiyi, konu\u015fma dilinin canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve yal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ustaca yedirmekte; bilimsel bilgiyi gazetelerin pazar eki s\u00f6yle\u015filerinin ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sunmaktad\u0131r. Her bir do\u011fal nesne, milyarlarca y\u0131l s\u00fcren ve Evren\u2019in bir ucundan di\u011fer ucuna yay\u0131lan \u201cy\u00fcksek enerjili\u201d ve \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olaylar\u0131n \u00f6zneleridir ve \u201cki\u015fisel\u201d \u00f6yk\u00fclerini tatl\u0131 tatl\u0131 anlat\u0131rlar. Maddenin yap\u0131ta\u015f\u0131 olan atomlar ve atomalt\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar, Evren\u2019in \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 k\u00f6\u015felerinde, farkl\u0131 g\u00f6kcisimlerinde, evrensel olaylarda ve d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bir macera filminin yer yer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, yer yer y\u00fcksek tempolu sahneleri gibi pe\u015fi pe\u015fine aktar\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n Par\u00e7alardan b\u00fct\u00fcne, atomalt\u0131ndan Evren\u2019e<\/strong><\/p>\n Yazar astrofizi\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc nesnelerini kendi a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndan birer birer tan\u0131t\u0131rken; her bir do\u011fal nesnenin birbirine ve b\u00fct\u00fcne s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir Evren resmi de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za. Bizi yaratan atomlar\u0131n uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, milyonlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te ve milyonlarca \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6telerde olu\u015ftu\u011funu, \u00e7e\u015fitli evrensel s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde i\u015flevler \u00fcstlendiklerini, Evren\u2019in asl\u0131nda bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011funu kavrar\u0131z.<\/p>\n \u0130nsan ve yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygarl\u0131k, Evren\u2019in bu g\u00f6rkemli b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ancak \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve asl\u0131nda k\u0131y\u0131da k\u00f6\u015fede kalm\u0131\u015f bir bile\u015fenidir. Bu noktada do\u011fal nesneler s\u00f6z birli\u011fi yaparlar: \u0130nsan\u0131n de\u011feri, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, \u00f6nemsizli\u011fine ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, Evren\u2019i ve yasalar\u0131n\u0131 anlama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bitmek t\u00fckenmez \u00e7abadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Do\u011fal nesneler kendi tarihleriyle birlikte, Evren\u2019in tarihini ve insan\u0131n onlar\u0131 anlama \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n (bilimin) tarihini de k\u0131smen anlatm\u0131\u015f olurlar. B\u00f6ylelikle s\u00f6yle\u015fileri okumakla temel bir Evren perspektifi edinmekle kalmay\u0131z; bilimin nas\u0131l geli\u015fti\u011fini, bir kuram\u0131n nas\u0131l ortaya kondu\u011funu, nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ersizle\u015fti\u011fini ya da eksiklerinin nas\u0131l tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6rnekler \u00fczerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. S\u00f6yle\u015fi yap\u0131lan kuark, do\u011fan\u0131n yasalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama iddias\u0131ndaki bir kuram\u0131n yal\u0131n ve g\u00fczel olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden s\u00f6z eder; fizi\u011fin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki en pop\u00fcler nesnelerinden sicim, klasik fizikle kuantum fizi\u011fini, atomalt\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n standart modeliyle sicim kuram\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Do\u011fal nesnelerin bilimimizi felsefi olarak sorgulamalar\u0131ndan, do\u011faya nas\u0131l bak\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemi\u015f hangi bilimsel sorulara yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair fikirler de ediniriz.<\/p>\n \u0130nsano\u011fluna y\u00f6neltilen ele\u015ftiriler<\/strong><\/p>\n Yazar, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu s\u00f6yle\u015filerde, fabl gelene\u011finin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fini de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr; insana ve insanl\u0131\u011fa getirdi\u011fi ele\u015ftirileri, nesnelerin a\u011fz\u0131ndan yer yer \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131, yer yer olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde ortaya koyar: \u0130nsan\u0131n kendi t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, do\u011fay\u0131, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ve hatta Evren\u2019i g\u00f6z\u00fc kapal\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ma g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor olmas\u0131n\u0131; m\u00fclkiyet ve \u00e7\u0131kar u\u011fruna kan d\u00f6kmesini, sava\u015flar \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131n\u0131; bilimi piyasaye habire yeni \u00fcr\u00fcn s\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in esas olarak teknoloji geli\u015ftirmede kullanmas\u0131n\u0131; Evren\u2019i anlama, do\u011fan\u0131n ger\u00e7eklerine ula\u015fma \u00e7abas\u0131na yeterince \u00f6nem ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermemesini de ele\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n Uranyum atomu, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131mlara yol a\u00e7an atom bombas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan fena halde rahats\u0131zd\u0131r; insanlar\u0131n birbirini yok etmeye nas\u0131l b\u00f6ylesine tutkun oldu\u011funu bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc anlayamaz; demir atomu kan d\u00f6kmeye yarayacak bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7ta kullan\u0131lmaktansa, toprak alt\u0131nda milyonlarca y\u0131l\u0131 can s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7irmeye raz\u0131d\u0131r; sarmal g\u00f6kada magazin y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131yla g\u00f6kteki y\u0131ld\u0131zlardan daha \u00e7ok ilgilenmemize i\u00e7erliyordur; gene sarmal g\u00f6kada teknoloji \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine tapmamam\u0131z\u0131, sorgulamaktan asla vazge\u00e7mememizi \u00f6\u011f\u00fctler; bo\u015fluk daha iyi tost makineleri geli\u015ftirmek yerine, Evren\u2019i anlama \u00e7abalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctmemiz gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler…<\/p>\n Yazar, \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc de, s\u00f6yle\u015fileri yapan ki\u015finin a\u011fz\u0131ndan yazarak, kitaptaki kurgusal tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 korumu\u015ftur. Kitab\u0131n sonuna eklenen mini s\u00f6zl\u00fck, metnin anla\u015f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na katk\u0131 niteli\u011findedir; metinde ge\u00e7en bilimsel terimleri, kitab\u0131n diliyle ayn\u0131 yal\u0131nl\u0131kta a\u00e7\u0131klar. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu nitelikleriyle, pencereler a\u00e7an, keyifli bir okuma vaat eden bir kitapt\u0131r Evrenle S\u00f6yle\u015filer<\/em>. Okudu\u011funuz bu yaz\u0131 da, kitapta yer alan \u201c\u00c7evirmenin \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fc\u201dn\u00fcn \u201cBilimkurdu\u201d k\u00f6\u015fesinin \u00e7er\u00e7evesine uyarlanm\u0131\u015f halidir.<\/p>\n Herhangi bir metnin bir kitap b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ula\u015fmas\u0131nda, \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n katk\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r ku\u015fkusuz; kitaplar kolektif eserlerdir bu anlamda; ama Evrenle S\u00f6yle\u015filer<\/em> i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca, \u00e7eviri ve \u00e7eviri redaksiyonunda da kolektif emekten s\u00f6z etmeliyiz. S\u00f6yle\u015filer, bendeniz, S. Cansu \u00d6zkan, Yusuf \u00d6ngel, Turgay Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, \u00c7a\u011flar Sunay, Zahit Atam ve bendeniz taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0 redakte edilmi\u015ftir. Her \u00e7evirmen ve redakt\u00f6r, sadece kendi \u00e7evirilerinden ve redaksiyonlar\u0131ndan sorumlu olmakla birlikte; kitab\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcndeki olas\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n sorumlusu bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Son olarak \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek isterim: Evrenle S\u00f6yle\u015filer<\/em>\u2019i, \u0130talo Calvino\u2019nun Kozmokomik \u00d6yk\u00fcler<\/em> kitab\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz kahraman\u0131 Ofwfq\u2019a bir selam duru\u015fu olarak da okumak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olanlar mutlaka an\u0131msayacakt\u0131r, Ofwfq da Evren\u2019in ucu canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n evrimine varan tarihinin b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f gibi anlatan; kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za k\u00e2h bir molek\u00fcl, k\u00e2h bir g\u00f6kta\u015f\u0131, k\u00e2h bir denizkabu\u011fu, k\u00e2h sudan karaya \u00e7\u0131kan ilk nesil bal\u0131klardan biri, k\u00e2h dinozorlar\u0131n son temsilcisi k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan; Evren\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcn bu farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerine \u201cinsan\u0131\u201d ta\u015f\u0131yan bir karakterdir. Kozmokomik \u00d6yk\u00fcler<\/em>\u2019i bilimden iyi anlayan bir edebi usta yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Evrenle S\u00f6yle\u015filer<\/em>\u2019i edebiyattan anlayan bir bilim insan\u0131…<\/p>\n – Evrenle S\u00f6yle\u015filer \u2013kuarklardan kara deliklere-<\/em>; Richard T. Hammond; \u00c7ev. Nal\u00e2n Mahsereci, S. Cansu \u00d6zkan, Yusuf \u00d6ngel, Turgay Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131; Bilim ve Gelecek Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015eubat 2014, 208 s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pop\u00fcler de olsa, bilim kitab\u0131 bildi\u011fimiz bilim kitab\u0131d\u0131r; teknik ve s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r deyip \u00a0yaz\u0131y\u0131 okumaktan vazge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, l\u00fctfen kulak verin: S\u00f6z edece\u011fim kitapta, bildi\u011finiz bilim kitaplar\u0131ndan de\u011fil, \u00e7ocuklu\u011funuzdan an\u0131msayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir ses var. Size ilk okunan ve sizin de kendi kendinize okuyabildi\u011finiz ilk kitaplardan. Hani \u00e7o\u011funlukla hayvanlar\u0131n, nadiren bitkilerin ve daha da nadiren nesnelerin insan gibi konu\u015ftu\u011fu, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":26890,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[158,30,26],"tags":[248,657,3494,288],"class_list":["post-26889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-121-sayi","category-astronomi","category-fizik","tag-astronomi","tag-evren","tag-evrenle-soylesiler","tag-fizik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t