{"id":27565,"date":"2018-07-11T07:11:35","date_gmt":"2018-07-11T04:11:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=27565"},"modified":"2018-07-13T10:40:44","modified_gmt":"2018-07-13T07:40:44","slug":"ser-verip-sir-vermeyen-filozof-campanella","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/07\/11\/ser-verip-sir-vermeyen-filozof-campanella","title":{"rendered":"Ser verip s\u0131r vermeyen filozof: Campanella"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi<\/em> adl\u0131 \u00fctopik eseriyle tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcnl\u00fc R\u00f6nesans filozofu Tommaso Campanella, ayn\u0131 zamanda ihtilalci bir liderdir.<\/p>\n

1600 ba\u015flar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn G\u00fcney \u0130talya, \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle Calabria b\u00f6lgesi, din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n elinde daha da yoksulla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir yandan Engizisyon vah\u015feti, di\u011fer yandan yoksulluk toplumsal tepkilere yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezleri olan kitapl\u0131klar ve akademiler kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Campanella ayaklanma \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcyor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yurdunu \u0130spanyol boyunduru\u011fundan kurtarmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan Campanella bir ayaklanma tertiplemeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Pietro Giannone Napoli Tarihi<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde bu ayaklanma i\u00e7in \u015funlar\u0131 yaz\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cCampanella yeni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve cumhuriyet tasar\u0131lar\u0131yla az kals\u0131n Calabria\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne getirecekti. Krall\u0131klar\u0131 yeni bir d\u00fczene sokmaya, toplumlar\u0131 y\u00f6netecek anayasalar koymaya kadar ileri g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc i\u015fi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok piskopos da ayaklanmay\u0131 destekler; hatta bir Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n da yard\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Ama ayaklanma \u00f6nceden haber al\u0131narak \u00f6nlenir. Campanella bir Osmanl\u0131 gemisiyle ka\u00e7mak i\u00e7in kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 beklerken bir kul\u00fcbede yakalanarak Napoli\u2019ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Konuldu\u011fu hapishanede korkun\u00e7 i\u015fkencelere u\u011frar.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Campanella Engizisyon hapishanelerinde korkun\u00e7 i\u015fkencelere u\u011frar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Engizisyon i\u015fkencelerine direni\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Campanella \u00e7ekti\u011fi ac\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cElli hapishaneye girdim \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131m. Yedi kez, t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici i\u015fkencelere u\u011frad\u0131m. Son i\u015fkence k\u0131rk saat s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bedenimi iplerle s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya sar\u0131p kan revan i\u00e7inde b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Ellerimi arkaya ba\u011flay\u0131p sivri bir kaz\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne salland\u0131rd\u0131lar beni. K\u0131rk saat sonra beni \u00f6ld\u00fc sand\u0131lar, i\u015fkenceyi durdurdular. \u0130\u015fkencecilerimden baz\u0131lar\u0131, can\u0131m\u0131 daha da yakmak i\u00e7in, as\u0131l\u0131 bulundu\u011fum ipi habire oynat\u0131yor, boyuna k\u00fcf\u00fcr savuruyorlard\u0131. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da \u2018yaman adam do\u011frusu\u2019 demekten kendilerini alam\u0131yorlard\u0131. Hi\u00e7bir \u015feyle sarsamad\u0131lar, alt edemediler beni; bir tek s\u00f6z bile alamad\u0131lar a\u011fz\u0131mdan.\u201d<\/p>\n

Campanella\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 Rossi ad\u0131nda bir yazar da bu konuda \u015funlar\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015f:<\/p>\n

\u201cCampanella\u2019ya otuz be\u015f saat boyunca yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fkence \u00f6ylesine vah\u015ficeydi ki, k\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn kan damarlar\u0131 kopmu\u015f, a\u00e7\u0131lan yaralardan durmadan kanlar bo\u015fan\u0131yordu. Bununla beraber, di\u015flerini s\u0131k\u0131p i\u015fkenceye \u00f6ylesine dayand\u0131 ki, a\u011fz\u0131ndan bir filozofa yak\u0131\u015fmayacak tek kelime bile alamad\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2018Bildiklerimi \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in\u2026\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Campanella devam ediyor:<\/p>\n

\u201cTam alt\u0131 ay s\u00fcren bir hastal\u0131ktan mucize eseri kurtulduktan sonra bir \u00e7ukura att\u0131lar beni. On be\u015f ay kald\u0131m orada. Sonra yarg\u0131\u00e7 \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131m. \u00d6nce bana \u2018\u00d6\u011frenmedi\u011fin \u015feyi nas\u0131l bilebilirsin? \u015eeytan m\u0131 var senin emrinde?\u2019 diye sordular. Ben de: \u2018Bildiklerimi \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in, sizin i\u00e7ti\u011finiz \u015faraplar\u0131n on misli kandil ya\u011f\u0131 harcad\u0131m\u2019 diye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdim.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"
Campanella 27 y\u0131l hapis yatar. Zindanda istedi\u011fi tek \u015fey kitap, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t ve kalemdir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Zindanda yaz\u0131lan eserler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Campanella tam 27 y\u0131l hapis yatar. \u0130\u015fkenceciler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015f\u0131 daima dik kal\u0131r; onlardan ne ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131 ister ne de yard\u0131m diler. \u0130stedi\u011fi tek \u015fey kitap, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t ve kalemdir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc eseri G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi<\/em>\u2019ni bu ko\u015fullarda yazar. Ayr\u0131ca ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Galilei\u2019nin Engizisyon\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyunca Apologia pro Galileo<\/em> (Galileo Savunusu) adl\u0131 eserini de zindanlarda yazar; bir nevi Galilei\u2019nin avukatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Campanella\u2019n\u0131n Apologia pro Galileo (Galileo Savunusu) adl\u0131 eseri.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n onuru i\u015fkenceyi her zaman yenmi\u015ftir. Ya\u015fas\u0131n Campanella!<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Campanella, G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi<\/em>, \u00c7ev. V. G\u00fcnyol ve H. Kazgan, Vedat G\u00fcnyol\u2019un \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnden, Sosyal Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Mart 1985.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi adl\u0131 \u00fctopik eseriyle tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcnl\u00fc R\u00f6nesans filozofu Tommaso Campanella, ayn\u0131 zamanda ihtilalci bir liderdir. 1600 ba\u015flar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn G\u00fcney \u0130talya, \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle Calabria b\u00f6lgesi, din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n elinde daha da yoksulla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir yandan Engizisyon vah\u015feti, di\u011fer yandan yoksulluk toplumsal tepkilere yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezleri olan kitapl\u0131klar ve akademiler kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Campanella ayaklanma \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcyor […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":27566,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2314],"tags":[3653,2421,3652,3654,3651],"class_list":["post-27565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-oykuleri","tag-calabria","tag-engizisyon","tag-gunes-ulkesi","tag-iskence","tag-tomasso-campanella"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t