{"id":28163,"date":"2018-08-01T00:00:15","date_gmt":"2018-07-31T21:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=28163"},"modified":"2018-08-01T10:21:29","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T07:21:29","slug":"kamusal-alanda-felsefe-pusulasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/08\/01\/kamusal-alanda-felsefe-pusulasi","title":{"rendered":"Kamusal alanda felsefe pusulas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dcnl\u00fc Amerikan gazetesi New York Times<\/em>\u2019\u0131n internet sitesinin felsefe tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f forum sayfas\u0131 \u201cThe Stone\u201dun parlak ve \u00fcretken isimlerinden Gary Gutting, \u2018What Philosophy Can Do\u2019<\/em> adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 2015\u2019te yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ABD\u2019deki Notre Dame \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin Felsefe b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde akademisyenli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Gutting, Michel Foucault \u00fczerine uzman olup analitik felsefe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla \u00fcn yapm\u0131\u015f bir isim ve 76 ya\u015f\u0131nda. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz \u015eubat ay\u0131nda Gutting\u2019in kitab\u0131 \u2018G\u00fcndelik Hayatta Felsefe Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?\u2019 <\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrildi. Yazar\u0131n daha \u00f6nce Foucault ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Dost Yay\u0131nevinin K\u00fclt\u00fcr Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dizisinde yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onun ard\u0131ndan yazar\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7edeki ikinci kitab\u0131 olma \u00f6zelli\u011findeki eseri maalesef orijinaline sad\u0131k kal\u0131nmayan bir adla bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. Bir ki\u015fisel geli\u015fim kitab\u0131 edas\u0131nda, orijinalin ciddiyetinden eksilten bir kapak tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve adla sunulsa da yay\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye giri\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ise olumlu bulunabilecek durumlar.<\/p>\n

Felsefenin kelime anlam\u0131na uygun bir bi\u00e7imde \u201cbilgelik sevgisi ve istenci\u201dne pratik bir \u00f6rnek olan eser, hepimizin \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilece\u011fi, bazen yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da yapmas\u0131 muhtemel olabilecek bir\u00e7ok problemi ele al\u0131yor. Bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve son derece insani problemler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda nas\u0131l rasyonel ad\u0131mlar at\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine bir dizi tavsiye sunan kitap, belki de bu y\u00fczden \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye b\u00f6ylesi uygun oldu\u011fu\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek bir sat\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 ile ad de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ihtimal \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131n niteli\u011fini tart\u0131\u015fmaktan ziyade eseri de\u011ferlendirmek ve tan\u0131tmak olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kendi deyimiyle \u201cokurlar\u0131 kamunun ilgi alan\u0131ndaki temel konularla alakadar etmeyi ve onlar\u0131 felsefi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131\u201d ama\u00e7 edinen Gutting bu u\u011fra\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ise \u2018Kamu Felsefesi\u2019 koymu\u015f. Yazar, ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kitab\u0131nda, politikadan ekonomiye, bilimden magazine, etikten teolojiye bir\u00e7ok konuyu g\u00fcncel arg\u00fcmanlarla felsefi bir temelde masaya yat\u0131rarak bunun veciz bir \u00f6rne\u011fini sunuyor. Bu sayg\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, felsefenin \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fcnyan\u0131n h\u0131zla ak\u0131p giden g\u00fcndemlerine getirdi\u011fi (ya da getirebilece\u011fi) bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 okuyucuya sunarken tart\u0131\u015fma sanat\u0131n\u0131 mant\u0131k bilimiyle bulu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

Felsefenin temel alanlar\u0131ndan p L q, p V q, p \u00de q, p \u00db q i\u015flemleri, bunlar\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f, ge\u00e7erlilik, denklik durumlar\u0131 ve kan\u0131tlamalar\u0131 olarak \u00f6zetlenebilecek \u00f6nermeler mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndelik hayata uygulanmas\u0131 felsefe \u00f6\u011frencilerinden tutun merakl\u0131-meraks\u0131z herkes i\u00e7in zevkli olabilecek bir zihin egzersizidir. Yazar kitab\u0131nda bunlar\u0131 kendi buldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fma ilkeleri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme form\u00fclleri, k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 sorular ve sonu\u00e7lar ile geli\u015ftirerek olay\u0131 daha da davetk\u00e2r bir h\u00e2le getirmeyi ba\u015far\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kitapta, i\u015f hayat\u0131ndan ABD\u2019nin g\u00fcnl\u00fck siyasi at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na uzanan \u00f6rneklerin ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk k\u0131s\u0131m \u2018Kamu Felsefesi\u2019 i\u00e7in bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesi havas\u0131nda. Ard\u0131ndan gelen bilim, din ve sanat \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fmalar ile derinlik sa\u011flan\u0131rken kapitalizm, toplum, e\u011fitim, tanr\u0131 gibi konular da inceleniyor. Yazar, burada art\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarz\u0131n\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131yla okuyucuya sunuyor. Kitaptaki her makale, Gary Gutting\u2019in The Stone\u2019daki yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan birinin belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde geni\u015fletilerek kitaba uyarlanm\u0131\u015f hali. Gutting kitab\u0131 i\u00e7in her b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe sahip oldu\u011funu ve ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 da okunabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"
ABD\u2019deki Notre Dame \u00dcniversitesi Felsefe b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde k\u00fcrs\u00fc ba\u015fkan\u0131 Gary Gutting.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, yazar\u0131n tabiriyle \u2018Principal of Sharity\u2019 (Hay\u0131rseverlik \u0130lkesi) kitaptan nadide bir tart\u0131\u015fma tekni\u011fi. Burada tart\u0131\u015fmac\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndakini k\u0131rmadan, incitmeden ve en \u00f6nemlisi onunla bilgisiyle sava\u015fmadan \u00f6nce onun kendi hatas\u0131n\u0131 fark etmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Zira yazar da arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \u201crakipleri ma\u011flup ederek boyun e\u011fmeye zorlayan bir sopa de\u011fil entelekt\u00fcel geli\u015fim i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7\u201d olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtiyor. Ger\u00e7ekten de bu zor hatta kalmak bilgi ile de\u011fil bilgelik ile alakal\u0131 olmal\u0131. Kitap en dikkat \u00e7ekici b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden birinde ateistler ve inan\u00e7\/tanr\u0131 konular\u0131n\u0131 el al\u0131yor. Buna g\u00f6re Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ink\u00e2r edilebilir, bunda (ateist olmakta) bir beis yok fakat insana sayg\u0131n bir nedenden gelmedi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez zira sonsuz bir neden dizisi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Yazar, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir ana neden\/ilksel neden olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu yap\u0131 ile Descartes ve Spinoza, Leibniz \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fcne de g\u00f6z k\u0131rp\u0131yor. Fakat modern felsefenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden bu isimlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 y\u0131l ilerisinde, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn maddeci d\u00fcnyas\u0131, verileri ve bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla bu tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek eskisinden daha \u00e7ok risk bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. Nitekim Descartes, Spinoza ve Leibniz; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc de felsefenin (bilimlerin) ve inanc\u0131n alanlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 tutulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015flerdi. Bug\u00fcn ise, bilimsel teorileri inanc\u0131n hamili\u011finde tutmak gibi yanl\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7arp\u0131k bir anlay\u0131\u015f geli\u015febiliyor.<\/p>\n

Gary Gutting\u2019in kitab\u0131n\u0131n zihin a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 bir pusula oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131n\u0131 teslim etmek gerekiyor. Bir politikac\u0131n\u0131n ya da bir bilimcinin, hem de onlar\u0131n alanlar\u0131nda sinirlerini alt\u00fcst edici derecede \u2018tutarl\u0131\u2019 olmaya \u2013ayn\u0131 zamanda hep centilmen kalmaya- var m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n

G\u00fcndelik Hayatta Felsefe Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?, Gary Gutting, \u00c7ev. Tu\u011f\u00e7e Ayte\u015f, The Kitap, 2018, 304 s.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00dcnl\u00fc Amerikan gazetesi New York Times\u2019\u0131n internet sitesinin felsefe tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f forum sayfas\u0131 \u201cThe Stone\u201dun parlak ve \u00fcretken isimlerinden Gary Gutting, \u2018What Philosophy Can Do\u2019 adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 2015\u2019te yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ABD\u2019deki Notre Dame \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin Felsefe b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde akademisyenli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Gutting, Michel Foucault \u00fczerine uzman olup analitik felsefe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla \u00fcn yapm\u0131\u015f bir isim ve 76 ya\u015f\u0131nda. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz \u015eubat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":598,"featured_media":28164,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3782,38,513,510],"tags":[3819],"class_list":["post-28163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-174-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","tag-gundelik-hayatta-felsefe"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t