Do\u011fal olarak Rus devrimcileri, bulunduklar\u0131 \u00fclkede devrimin ve sosyalizmin olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaktayd\u0131lar. Fakat Marx\u2019\u0131n, Ekonomi Politi\u011fin Ele\u015ftirisine<\/em> Katk\u0131<\/em>\u2019daki \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fc (Marx \u015f\u00f6yle yazar: \u201c\u0130\u00e7erebildi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7ler geli\u015fmeden \u00f6nce, bir toplumsal olu\u015fum asla yok olmaz; yeni ve daha y\u00fcksek \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri, bu ili\u015fkilerin maddi varl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131, eski toplumun ba\u011fr\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7madan, asla gelip yerlerini almazlar.\u201d1<\/sup>) ve elbette Kapital<\/em> kafalar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Marx\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131, Rusya\u2019da sosyalist devrimin ancak Rus kapitalizmi geli\u015fimini tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme gelebilece\u011fi, bunu beklemek gerekti\u011fi bi\u00e7iminde anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Tka\u00e7yev: \u201cDevrimci co\u015fkudan yoksunsun\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Rus Narodniklerinin radikal kanad\u0131n\u0131n temsilcilerinden Pyotr Tka\u00e7yev, 1874 tarihli \u201cEngels\u2019e A\u00e7\u0131k Mektup\u201d adl\u0131 makalesinde, Engels\u2019i devrimci co\u015fkudan yoksun olmakla su\u00e7lar ve devrimin geri \u00fclkelerdeki \u015fans\u0131yla ilgili kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini geli\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n Tka\u00e7yev\u2019e g\u00f6re, \u00f6zellikle eski ekonomik ili\u015fkilerin zaman\u0131 dolup, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 tamamlay\u0131p, yenilerinin yeterince geli\u015fmedi\u011fi ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde, t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yeni bir evreye ge\u00e7me olana\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Tka\u00e7yev daha da ileri gidip, Alman k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00f6nderi Thomas M\u00fcnzer\u2019in yenilgisinin tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir sonu\u00e7 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Engels\u2019in hatal\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yler ve \u201cM\u00fcnzer pek\u00e2l\u00e2 kazanabilirdi ve onun zaferi Alman kitlelerini, kapitalizm d\u00fczeni s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ekecekleri s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lardan kurtarm\u0131\u015f olurdu\u201d diye yazar.2,3<\/sup><\/p>\n Engels: \u201cSosyalizmin abc\u2019sinden bile habersizsin\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Tka\u00e7yev\u2019in bu sert ele\u015ftirisine Engels\u2019in yan\u0131t\u0131 gecikmez. 1875 tarihli \u201cRus Tar\u0131m Kom\u00fcn\u00fc \u00dczerine D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde Engels, Tka\u00e7yev\u2019in Rus halk\u0131n\u0131n\/k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn, bilin\u00e7siz de olsa, sosyalizme, e\u011fitimli Bat\u0131 Avrupa halklar\u0131ndan daha yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla dalga ge\u00e7er; Tka\u00e7yev\u2019in sosyalizmin abc\u2019sinden bile habersiz oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler ve \u015f\u00f6yle yazar:<\/p>\n \u201cBu ancak kom\u00fcnal m\u00fclkiyetin kesin olarak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p yok olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, Rus k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fcne, ge\u00e7i\u015fin gerekli ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak olan, \u00f6zellikle bu y\u00fczden t\u00fcm tar\u0131m sisteminde gerekli alt \u00fcst olu\u015fu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in gereksindi\u011fi maddi kaynaklar\u0131 sunacak olan Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da muzaffer bir proletarya devrimi ba\u015far\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde olabilir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Bay Tka\u00e7ev, Rus k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin \u2018m\u00fclk sahibi\u2019 olduklar\u0131 halde, m\u00fclks\u00fcz olan Bat\u0131 Avrupa i\u015f\u00e7ilerinden \u2018kom\u00fcnizme daha yak\u0131n\u2019 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederken sa\u00e7malam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun tam tersi do\u011frudur. E\u011fer Rus kom\u00fcnal m\u00fclkiyetini kurtaracak ve ona yeni, capcanl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7ime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak olan bir \u015fey varsa, o da Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019daki proletarya devrimidir.\u201d4<\/sup><\/p>\n Plehanov da Lenin\u2019i \u2018Tka\u00e7yevcilikle\u2019 su\u00e7luyor<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Engels, Rus Narodniklerine Rusya\u2019da kapitalizmin geli\u015fmesini beklemelerini sal\u0131k vermemi\u015ftir belki ama Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019daki proleter devrimi beklemeleri gerekti\u011fini, ba\u015fka bir \u00e7arelerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da eklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u0130lgin\u00e7tir, daha sonraki y\u0131llarda Plehanov ayn\u0131 fikirleri Lenin\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131r ve Lenin\u2019i Tka\u00e7yevcilikle su\u00e7lar. Oysa Lenin\u2019in stratejisi Engels\u2019inkiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmaz ama Tka\u00e7yev\u2019inkinden de farkl\u0131d\u0131r; tabii iki tart\u0131\u015fma aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir 30-40 y\u0131l bulundu\u011fu da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemeli.<\/p>\n NOT<\/strong>: 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sosyalistleri aras\u0131nda, kapitalist geli\u015fme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan geri \u00fclkelerde sosyalizmin \u015fans\u0131na ili\u015fkin yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar, E. Helvac\u0131o\u011flu\u2019nun Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em>\u2019in A\u011fustos 2018 tarihli 174. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan makalesinde geni\u015f olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/2-18-225x300.jpg\")
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