{"id":28282,"date":"2018-08-02T07:15:20","date_gmt":"2018-08-02T04:15:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=28282"},"modified":"2018-08-01T16:09:32","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T13:09:32","slug":"marstaki-golun-kesfi-kizil-gezegendeki-yasam-arayisini-nasil-etkiler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/08\/02\/marstaki-golun-kesfi-kizil-gezegendeki-yasam-arayisini-nasil-etkiler","title":{"rendered":"Mars\u2019taki g\u00f6l\u00fcn ke\u015ffi, K\u0131z\u0131l Gezegen\u2019deki ya\u015fam aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiler?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mars\u2019taki hayat aray\u0131\u015f\u0131, her zaman bir miktar ilgin\u00e7ti. Y\u0131llard\u0131r, biliminsanlar\u0131 kuru ve tozlu gezegene bakarak k\u00f6kenleri milyarlarca y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dayanan ve daha nemli-s\u0131cak bir iklime sahip ya\u015fam alan\u0131 bulmaya odakland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, 25 Temmuz 2018\u2019de K\u0131z\u0131l Gezegen\u2019in g\u00fcney kutbunun yak\u0131n\u0131nda kal\u0131n buz tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda gizlenen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir buzulalt\u0131 g\u00f6l\u00fc belirtileri g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar. E\u011fer bu buzulalt\u0131 g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn ke\u015ffi onaylan\u0131rsa bug\u00fcn Mars\u2019ta ya\u015fayan mikroplardan s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacak.<\/p>\n

Buzulalt\u0131 g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bildirimler; d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131, D\u00fcnya\u2019dan, buradaki ya\u015fam\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve yok etmek isteyenlerden korumak isteyen astrobiyologlar\u0131n hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek. NASA\u2019n\u0131n gezegen koruma g\u00f6revlisi olan astrobiyolog Lisa Pratt, b\u00f6ylesi bir durumda Mars sakinlerinin kirlenmeyi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kat\u0131 standartlara sahip olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak \u201c\u015eimdi bir buzulalt\u0131 g\u00f6l\u00fcnden s\u00f6z ediliyor! Bu, korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ortam i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik\u201d ifadelerini kullan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Peki, buzulalt\u0131 g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn ke\u015ffi; Mars\u2019taki ya\u015fam aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirecek?<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00f6lde ger\u00e7ekten bir \u015feyler ya\u015fayabilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu g\u00f6l, D\u00fcnya kaynakl\u0131 mikroplar i\u00e7in zor bir b\u00f6lge olurdu.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki ya\u015fam, ma\u011fara kristallerinden kurak \u00e7\u00f6llere kadar bulabildi\u011fi her alan\u0131 doldurur. Fakat karasal ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu i\u00e7in en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k derecesi yakla\u015f\u0131k -40 \u00b0 C\u2019dir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Mars\u2019\u0131n buz tabakas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k -68 \u00b0 C\u2019dir. Pratt, bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k seviyesi i\u00e7in \u201cHayat\u0131n ya metabolize olabilece\u011fine ya da \u00e7o\u011faltabilece\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki herhangi bir ortamdan \u00e7ok daha so\u011fuk\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6ller, bol miktarda su i\u00e7erir ancak bu bol miktardaki suyun yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z etti\u011fimiz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda s\u0131v\u0131 olarak kalabilmesi i\u00e7in i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ok tuz bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Mars \u015fimdiso\u011fuk, \u00e7orak ve kuru. Ancak en az 3,6 milyar y\u0131l \u00f6nce bol miktarda su ta\u015f\u0131yan g\u00f6llere ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yordu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tempe\u2019deki Arizona Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden gezegen bilim insan\u0131 ve Gezegen Toplulu\u011fu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 JimBell, \u201cYery\u00fcz\u00fcnde, bu t\u00fcrden parlak kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar canl\u0131 organizmalara ciddi zorluklar ya\u015fat\u0131yor. Zor ko\u015fullarda hayatta kalabilen bakteriler bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tuzlu ortamda hayatta kalam\u0131yor\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

Marsl\u0131lar orada ya\u015fayabilir mi? <\/strong><\/p>\n

Pratt, bu soruya \u201cElbette!\u201d yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 veriyor. Pratt s\u00f6zlerine, \u201cE\u011fer bir zamanlar Mars\u2019ta ya\u015fam oldu\u011funa dair bir ge\u00e7mi\u015f kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa bu kal\u0131nt\u0131lar, iklime adapte olabilirler ve so\u011fuk, tuzlu sular\u0131 olduk\u00e7a rahat bir \u015fekilde bulabilirlerdi\u201d diyerek devam ediyor:<\/p>\n

\u201cBu benim i\u00e7in ideal bir \u2018yayg\u0131n t\u00fcrlerin izole veya istilac\u0131 n\u00fcfusunu destekleyen\u2019 ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f bir yer olabilir\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00f6l\u00fcn, hayat bulmay\u0131 umdu\u011fumuz di\u011fer sulak alanlardan fark\u0131 ne?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gezegen k\u00e2\u015fifleri i\u00e7in Mars, Sat\u00fcrn ve J\u00fcpiter i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha avantajl\u0131 bir konumda. K\u00e2\u015fifler, Mars\u2019a gitmenin 4 ila 11 ay aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fecek \u015fekilde daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir yolculuk oldu\u011funu ve gezegenin atmosferinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 sebebiyle kolay ini\u015fin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini dile getiriyor.<\/p>\n

Gezegenin korunmas\u0131yla ilgili sorulabilecek b\u00fcy\u00fck soru, buzulalt\u0131 g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczeyle herhangi bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131. Sat\u00fcrn\u2019\u00fcn uydusuEnceladus\u2019da ve muhtemelen J\u00fcpiter\u2019in uydusuEuropa\u2019da, bir yeralt\u0131 okyanusundan gelen s\u0131v\u0131 su, buzdaki \u00e7atlaklardan uzaya f\u0131rlar. Fakat suyun d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fi, istila eden mikroplar\u0131n i\u00e7eri girebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n

Mars\u2019a giden uzay gemileri g\u00f6le ini\u015f yapmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen art\u0131k daha az olan k\u00fcresel toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131, b\u00f6lgeye kirlilik getirebilir. Pratt bu konu i\u00e7in ise \u201cE\u011fer bu g\u00f6l ger\u00e7ekse, mikroplar\u0131n i\u00e7eri girebilece\u011fi bir ge\u00e7i\u015f yoluna sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umal\u0131m!\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7eri girip \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n bir yolu yoksa, orada ya\u015fayan herhangi bir \u015fey olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l g\u00f6rebiliriz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Colo\u2019da bulunan Gezegensel Bilim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden gezegen bilimciIsaac Smith, g\u00f6l\u00fcn ya\u015fam belirtileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kontrol edilebilmesi tatbikat yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bu, biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n 2012\u2019de Antarktika\u2019daki Vostok G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc derinlemesine ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 gibi. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yapan ekip, daha sonra \u00f6rneklerin sondaj s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 ile kirlendi\u011fini kabul etmesine ra\u011fmen g\u00f6l\u00fcn geli\u015fen bir ekosisteme ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti.<\/p>\n

\"\"
K\u0131z\u0131l Gezegen\u2019de bir buzulalt\u0131 g\u00f6l\u00fcne rastland\u0131 ve bu \u2018Mars\u2019ta hayat olabilir mi?\u2019 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ancak Mars\u2019taki sondajlar\u0131n Vostok G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan daha zorlu olaca\u011f\u0131 ve bilim \u00e7evrelerinden muhalefetle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc savunan Pratt, \u201cAntarktika\u2019daki buzulalt\u0131 g\u00f6ller gibi Mars\u2019taki g\u00f6l de nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6zel bir yer olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Sondaj \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir diren\u00e7 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

Fakat e\u011fer \u015fansl\u0131ysak bu konudaki bulgular \u201cyukar\u0131dan\u201d gelebilir. Mars atmosferindeki mevsimsel metan varyasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015faretleri, y\u00fczeyin alt\u0131nda mikrobiyal bir ya\u015fam\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair astrobiyologlar\u0131 bilgilendirebilir.<\/p>\n

Buzulalt\u0131 g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fc ke\u015ffeden ekipte yer alan, \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Bologna \u015fehrindeki Ulusal Astrofizik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden gezegen bilimci RobertoOrosei, \u201cAtmosferde s\u0131v\u0131 su ve metan olu\u015fumu, Mars\u2019ta devam eden bir \u015feyin \u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok heyecan verici bir kan\u0131t\u0131 olacakt\u0131r\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

Kaynak<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) <\/strong>Science News- Lise Grossman – https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/what-does-mars-lake-mean-search-life-red-planet<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mars\u2019taki hayat aray\u0131\u015f\u0131, her zaman bir miktar ilgin\u00e7ti. Y\u0131llard\u0131r, biliminsanlar\u0131 kuru ve tozlu gezegene bakarak k\u00f6kenleri milyarlarca y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dayanan ve daha nemli-s\u0131cak bir iklime sahip ya\u015fam alan\u0131 bulmaya odakland\u0131lar. Ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, 25 Temmuz 2018\u2019de K\u0131z\u0131l Gezegen\u2019in g\u00fcney kutbunun yak\u0131n\u0131nda kal\u0131n buz tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda gizlenen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir buzulalt\u0131 g\u00f6l\u00fc belirtileri g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar. E\u011fer bu buzulalt\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1576,"featured_media":28283,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[3850,3849,1057],"class_list":["post-28282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-buzulalti-golu","tag-kizil-gezegen","tag-mars"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t