{"id":28654,"date":"2018-08-24T06:00:12","date_gmt":"2018-08-24T03:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=28654"},"modified":"2021-03-23T12:04:36","modified_gmt":"2021-03-23T09:04:36","slug":"tarihten-bugune-salgin-hastaliklar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/08\/24\/tarihten-bugune-salgin-hastaliklar","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korkulu r\u00fcyas\u0131 olmu\u015f 24 salg\u0131n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar tarih boyunca insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck korkular\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015ftur. Yaln\u0131zca kadim bir korku olmakla da kalmay\u0131p gelece\u011fe ili\u015fkin felaket senaryolar\u0131nda \u00f6nde gelen distopya senaryolar\u0131ndan birini salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131nlar\u0131n nedeni olan hastal\u0131klar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu bilimsel geli\u015fmeler ve yayg\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lama sayesinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde alt edilebilmi\u015fse de bir\u00e7ok modern salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korkulu r\u00fcyas\u0131 olmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Tarihte ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ya\u015fanmaya devam eden b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131 sizin i\u00e7in derledik.<\/p>\n

1- Atina Veba Salg\u0131n\u0131 (M.\u00d6. 430-427) – Tahmini 1.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Tarih\u00e7i Thucydides\u2019in aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131, M\u00d6 430 y\u0131l\u0131nda Atina\u2019y\u0131 vuran b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131n\u0131 tasvir eden, Michiel Sweerts\u2019\u0131n Atina Veba Salg\u0131n\u0131 tablosu (1652\u20131654).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Atina Veba Salg\u0131n\u0131, Antik Yunanistan\u2019da Peloponez Sava\u015f\u0131 (M\u00d6 430) s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Atinal\u0131lar\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131 kazanaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrken Atina Kent Devleti\u2019ni kas\u0131p kavuran b\u00fcy\u00fck bir salg\u0131nd\u0131.(3)<\/p>\n

\n

2- J\u00fcstinyen Veba Salg\u0131n\u0131 (541-542) –\u00a0<\/strong>On milyonlarca \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

J\u00fcstinyen Vebas\u0131n\u0131 tasvir eden bir tablo.J\u00fcstinyen Veba Salg\u0131n\u0131, tarihte bilinen en b\u00fcy\u00fck can kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olan salg\u0131nd\u0131r. Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ve ba\u015fkent Konstantinopolis\u2019in n\u00fcfusunu neredeyse yok eden salg\u0131n Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ve Akdeniz genelindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn liman kentlerine yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.(10)<\/p>\n

\n

3- Kara Veba (1346-1350) –\u00a0Tahmini 50.000.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Kara Veba salg\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019da, salg\u0131na m\u00fcdahale eden hekimlerin giydikleri maskenin bir \u00e7izimi. \u201cG\u00f6z yerleri caml\u0131 olan bu maskenin i\u00e7ine karabiber veya ba\u015fka baharatlar, kurutulmu\u015f bitkiler konuyor b\u00f6ylelikle nefes yoluyla burundan mikrobun bula\u015fmas\u0131na engel olunaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131yordu.\u201d(4)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kara Veba, Kara \u00d6l\u00fcm, B\u00fcy\u00fck Veba, B\u00fcy\u00fck Salg\u0131n ya da yaln\u0131zca Veba ad\u0131yla da an\u0131lan, insanl\u0131k tarihindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131nlardan biridir. Avrasya\u2019dan Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019ya kadar geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve on milyonlarca insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olmu\u015ftur. Kara Veba\u2019ya Yersinia pestis adl\u0131 bakterinin neden oldu\u011fu san\u0131l\u0131yor. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyada etkili olan salg\u0131n, ayn\u0131 zamanda Avrupa\u2019da bir\u00e7ok dinsel, toplumda ve ekonomik ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131ya da neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Pieter Bruegel\u2019in, orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131n\u0131 kas\u0131p kavuran b\u00fcy\u00fck veba salg\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ya\u015fanan toplumsal alt\u00fcst olu\u015fu ve korkuyu tasvir etti\u011fi \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn Zaferi (1562) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 tablosu.(5)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n

4- Amerika yerlilerinin salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131 (1492-1900)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahag\u00fan taraf\u0131ndan 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan Florentine Codex (derleni\u015f 1540-1585) adl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada yer alan bir \u00e7izim: \u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6len Aztekler.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ke\u015ffi s\u0131ras\u0131nda n\u00fcfusun 2.000.000 ila 10.000.000 aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor. 1492\u2019den ba\u015flay\u0131p 1900\u2019lere gelinene dek \u00e7i\u00e7ek, k\u0131zam\u0131k, tif\u00fcs gibi hastal\u0131klar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Amerika yerlilerinin n\u00fcfusu 500.000\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ocuk.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n

5- B\u00fcy\u00fck Londra Vebas\u0131 (1665-1666) –\u00a0Tahmini 100.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Londra\u2019da meydana gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck veba salg\u0131n\u0131, 1340\u2019larda Avrupa\u2019da meydana gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131ndan y\u00fczy\u0131llar sonra meydana gelen ikinci salg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n

6- Birinci Kolera Pandemisi (1817-1823) –\u00a0Tahmini 110.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Vibrio cholerae (ayn\u0131 zamanda Kommabacillus), insanlarda koleraya sebep olan bir e\u011filmi\u015f-\u00e7ubuk \u015fekilli gram negatif bakteridir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ayn\u0131 zamanda ilk Asya k\u00f6kenli kolera salg\u0131n\u0131 olarak da bilinen Birinci Kolera Pandemisi, Kalk\u00fcta yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019dan Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya, Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019dan Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na kadar yay\u0131ld\u0131.(7)<\/p>\n

\n

7- \u0130kinci Kolera Pandemisi (1829-1849) –\u00a0Tahmini 200.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Ba\u015fta \u0130ngiltere olmak \u00fczere Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na da s\u0131\u00e7rayan Asya k\u00f6kenli kolera salg\u0131n\u0131nda, Sunderland\u2019de hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f bir hastaya ait \u00e7izim. Wellcome K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, Londra.(8)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Asya k\u00f6kenli bir kolera salg\u0131n\u0131 olan \u0130kinci Kolera Pandemisi, Hindistan\u2019dan Bat\u0131 Asya\u2019ya, Avrupa\u2019dan Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131na; hatta \u00c7in ve Japonya\u2019ya kadar s\u0131\u00e7ram\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir salg\u0131nd\u0131.(9)<\/p>\n

\n

8- Tif\u00fcs Epidemisi (1847) –\u00a0Tahmini 20.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Theophile Hamel\u2019in Le Typhus tablosu (1848).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tif\u00fcs, Rickettsia bakterilerinin etken oldu\u011fu bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. 1847 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kuzey Amerika\u2019da meydana gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131n, \u0130rlanda\u2019da ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130rlanda\u2019dan Amerika\u2019ya ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00f6\u00e7 ile birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanada ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde on binlerce \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\n

9- D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Kolera Pandemisi (1860-1879) –\u00a0Tahmini 705.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Kolera Pandemisi, Bengal b\u00f6lgesinde Ganj deltas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman hac\u0131larla birlikte Mekke\u2019ye kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Salg\u0131n ilk y\u0131l\u0131nda 90.000\u2019e yak\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcme yol a\u015fm\u0131\u015f, hacc\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkelerine d\u00f6nen hac\u0131larla birlikte Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya, Rusya\u2019ya, Avrupa\u2019ya, Afrika\u2019ya ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve y\u00fcz binlerce can alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n

10- Be\u015finci Kolera Pandemisi (1881-1896) –\u00a0Tahmini 990.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Koleraya yakalanm\u0131\u015f olan hastalar. Hamburg, 1892.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Be\u015finci Kolera Pandemisi, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan Hindistan kaynakl\u0131 be\u015finci uluslar aras\u0131 salg\u0131nd\u0131r. Asya ve Afrika\u2019da etkili olduktan sonra Fransa\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleriyle Almanya, Rusya ve G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Salg\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca Hamburg\u2019da 8.600 \u00f6l\u00fcm ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n

11- Rus Gribi (1889-1890) –\u00a0Tahmini 1.000.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
1889 Rus Gribini tasvir eden, gazetede yer alan bir \u00e7izim.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, Rus Gribi olarak bilinen 1889-1890 grip salg\u0131n\u0131na enfl\u00fcanza A (grip) vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bir alt tipi olan H2N2\u2019nin neden oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Yak\u0131n zamanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ise H3N8\u2019in salg\u0131na neden olmu\u015f olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. Nedeni hangi vir\u00fcs olursa olsun, Rus Gribi, tarihte bilinen en eski grip salg\u0131n\u0131 olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\n

12- Modern Veba (1894-1903) –\u00a0Tahmini 10.000.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Vebadan korunmak i\u00e7in toplu dezenfeksiyon b\u00f6lgeleri olu\u015fturulmu\u015f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc veba salg\u0131n\u0131 ilk olarak \u00c7in\u2019in Yunnan b\u00f6lgesinde 1850\u2019lerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ancak 1894\u2019te Hong Kong\u2019a s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131ld\u0131. Salg\u0131n, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 ve bakterilere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7in bir test ortam\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge kentlerinin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7evre planlamas\u0131n\u0131n da sorgulanmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftu.(11)<\/p>\n

\n

13- Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Kolera Pandemisi (1899-1923) –\u00a0Tahmini 1.500.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Hindistan Bombay\u2019da kolera salg\u0131n\u0131, 1898.(6)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Kolera Pandemisi, Hindistan\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p bu \u00fclkede 800.000 insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olduktan sonra Ortado\u011fu, Kuzey Afirka, Do\u011fu Avrupa ve Rusya\u2019ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n

14- \u0130spanyol Gribi (1918-1920) –\u00a0Tahmini 20.000.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
\n1918 Gribi al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k \u015fekilde h\u0131zla yay\u0131lan ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir salg\u0131nd\u0131. H1N1 vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu salg\u0131n d\u00fcnya genelinde tahminen 500.000.000 insana bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve milyonlarcas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olmu\u015ftur. Tarihteki en \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl salg\u0131nlardan biri olan \u0130spanyol Gribi, Kuzey Kutup B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nden Pasifik adalar\u0131na kadar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerine yay\u0131lmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n

15- Asya Gribi (1957-1958) –\u00a0Tahmini 2.000.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Asya Gribi 1956 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in Guizhou b\u00f6lgesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, daha sonra Singapur\u2019a, Hong Kong\u2019a ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ne yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar gribin vah\u015fi \u00f6rdeklerden insanlara bir mutasyonla ge\u00e7ti\u011fini belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

\n

16- HIV\/AIDS (1960\u2019tan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze) –\u00a0Tahmini 40.000.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"AIDS klinik olarak ilk kez 1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD\u2019de g\u00f6zlemlendi. \u0130lk AIDS vakalar\u0131 uyu\u015fturucu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak AIDS\u2019e neden olan HIV vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Bat\u0131 ve Merkez Afrika\u2019da baz\u0131 primatlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131l\u0131yor. D\u00fcnya genelinde yay\u0131lan HIV\/AIDS, milyonlarca insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olmu\u015f ve olmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

\n

17- Yedinci Kolera Pandemisi (1961\u2019den g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze) –\u00a0Tahmini 570.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Uganda\u2019da kolera salg\u0131n\u0131ndan bir kare.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 kolera salg\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yedincisi (ve sonuncusu) 1961\u2019de Endonezya\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve salg\u0131n\u0131n etkileri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

\n

18- Hong Kong Gribi (1968-1969) –\u00a0Tahmini 1.000.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u00c7in\u2019de K\u0131z\u0131l Muhaf\u0131zlar grip vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in halk\u0131 bilgilendiriyor (1968).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130lk olarak Hong Kong\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in Hong Kong Gribi olarak da bilinen 1968 grip salg\u0131n\u0131, H2N2 vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011framas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan H3N2 vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu salg\u0131nda 1.000.000\u2019a yak\u0131n insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\n

19- SARS Salg\u0131n\u0131 (2002-2003) –\u00a0774 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"SARS (A\u011f\u0131r Akut Solunum Yolu Yetersizli\u011fi Sendromu), viral bir solunum yolu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011fa SARS coronavirus neden olmaktad\u0131r. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda meydana gelen salg\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde 8.000\u2019in \u00fczerinde insana bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti\u011fi kadar\u0131yla 37 \u00fclkede 774 \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n

20- Domuz Gribi (2009) –\u00a0Tahmini 284.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Domuz Gribi, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra d\u00fcnya genelinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir korku ve pani\u011fe neden oldu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2009 domuz gribi salg\u0131n\u0131, grip vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yeni bir \u015fekli ile Nisan 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flayan bir salg\u0131nd\u0131r. Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn bu yeni t\u00fcr\u00fcne genelde domuz gribi denilmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k; Meksika gribi, domuz merkezli grip, Kuzey Amerika Gribi ve H1N1 gribi de denilmektedir.(12)<\/p>\n

\n

21- Bat\u0131 Afrika Menenjit Salg\u0131n\u0131 (2009-2010) –\u00a01.210 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Bat\u0131 Afrika Menenjit Salg\u0131n\u0131, bakteriyel menenjitin neden oldu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 bir salg\u0131nd\u0131r. Burkina Faso, Mali, Nijer ve Nijerya\u2019da etkili olmu\u015ftur. Salg\u0131n en \u00e7ok Nijerya\u2019y\u0131 etkilemi\u015ftir. Salg\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen vakalar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 Nijerya\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\n

22- Haiti Kolera Epidemisi (2011-2017) –\u00a0Tahmini 6.700 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, Haiti\u2019deki kolera salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 durdurmak i\u00e7in yeterince aktif m\u00fccadele etmedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle protesto ediliyor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda Haiti\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen 7 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremin ard\u0131ndan meydana gelen kolera salg\u0131n\u0131, son 100 y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00fclkenin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tek salg\u0131nd\u0131. Depremin ard\u0131ndan kentlerin altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesi, salg\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden oldu ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesini \u00f6nledi. Yoksulluk ve altyap\u0131 yetersizli\u011fi, basit bir sorunun 7 y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir salg\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine ve binlerce \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ya\u015fanmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n

\n

23- Kongo K\u0131zam\u0131k Epidemisi (2011\u2019den g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze) –\u00a0Tahmini 4.600 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yoksul \u00fclkelerinden biri olan Kongo\u2019da, yayg\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lamayla \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilebilecek bir hastal\u0131k olan k\u0131zam\u0131k, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda binlerce ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden oldu.<\/p>\n

\n

24- Bat\u0131 Afrika Ebola Epidemisi (2014\u2019ten g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze) –\u00a0Tahmini 4.900 \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"2013 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonunda Gine\u2019nin g\u00fcneyinde ba\u015flayan salg\u0131n, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Liberya ve Sierra Leone\u2019ye ard\u0131ndan Nijerya\u2019ya yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede binlerce \u00f6l\u00fcme neden oldu. Bir filov\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131k ilk kez 1970\u2019lerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. V\u00fccut s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131l\u0131yor; ancak zaman zaman hava yoluyla da yay\u0131labilecekleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. (13)<\/p>\n

\"\"
Ebolan\u0131n semptomlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin halk\u0131 bilgilendirmeyi ama\u00e7layan bir duvar resmi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n

Kaynaklar:<\/strong>
\n1) \u201cTarihin En B\u00fcy\u00fck Salg\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d<\/a>, National Geographic T\u00fcrkiye web sitesi<\/em>, 12.11.2014.
\n2) \u201cTarihin En B\u00fcy\u00fck Veba Salg\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d<\/a>, haberler.com web sitesi<\/em>, 06.11.2013.
\n3) “Plague of Athens”<\/a>, wikipedia.org maddesi<\/em>, s.g.t: 30.06.2018.
\n4) “‘Kara \u00d6l\u00fcm’-Veba maskeleri ve Kargalar”<\/a>, C\u00fcneyt G\u00f6k blogu<\/em>, 19.12.2015.
\n5) Black Death<\/a>.
\n6) The History of Sanitary Sewers<\/a>.
\n7) “1817\u20131824 cholera pandemic”<\/a>, wikipedia maddesi<\/em>, s.g.t: 04.08.2018.
\n8) “John Snow and cholera”<\/a>, Sick City Project blog<\/em>, s.g.t: 03.11.2013.
\n9) “1826\u20131837 cholera pandemic”<\/a>, wikipedia maddesi<\/em>, s.g.t: 11.08.2018.
\n10) “Plague of Justinian”<\/a>, wikipedia maddesi<\/em>, s.g.t: 06.07.2018.
\n11) Evans, Nicholas H.A., Poleykett, Branwyn ve Engelmann, Lukas, “Fragments of Plague”<\/a>, Limn web sitesi.<\/em>
\n12) “2009 domuz gribi salg\u0131n\u0131”<\/a>, wikipedia maddesi<\/em>, s.g.t: 08.04.2017.
\n13) Er\u00f6zkan, U\u011fur, “Ebola salg\u0131n\u0131 neden \u00f6nlenemedi, nas\u0131l \u00f6nlenebilir?”<\/a>, Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em>, Say\u0131: 127, Eyl\u00fcl 2014.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar tarih boyunca insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck korkular\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015ftur. Yaln\u0131zca kadim bir korku olmakla da kalmay\u0131p gelece\u011fe ili\u015fkin felaket senaryolar\u0131nda \u00f6nde gelen distopya senaryolar\u0131ndan birini salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar olu\u015fturur. Her ne kadar ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131nlar\u0131n nedeni olan hastal\u0131klar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu bilimsel geli\u015fmeler ve yayg\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lama sayesinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde alt edilebilmi\u015fse de bir\u00e7ok modern salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korkulu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":453,"featured_media":28656,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1078,33,222],"tags":[632,677,3967,3962,3963,3966,3965,3964,1011,3301],"class_list":["post-28654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fotograf-galerisi","category-saglik-bilimleri","category-tarih","tag-domuz-gribi","tag-ebola","tag-fotograf-galerisi","tag-grip-salgini","tag-kara-veba","tag-kizamik-salgini","tag-kolera-salgini","tag-salgin-hastaliklar","tag-veba-salgini"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t