{"id":29087,"date":"2018-09-04T09:00:27","date_gmt":"2018-09-04T06:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=29087"},"modified":"2018-09-04T09:00:58","modified_gmt":"2018-09-04T06:00:58","slug":"bilinen-en-eski-homo-sapiens-fosilleri-fasta-kesfedildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/09\/04\/bilinen-en-eski-homo-sapiens-fosilleri-fasta-kesfedildi","title":{"rendered":"Bilinen en eski ‘Homo sapiens’ fosilleri Fas\u2019ta ke\u015ffedildi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fas\u2019taki bir arkeolojik alandaki kaz\u0131lar, t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz Homo sapiens<\/em>\u2019in bilinen en eski fosillerini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Alanda bulunan insan kemikleri ve ta\u015f aletler 350 ila 280 bin ya\u015f\u0131nda. Bu yeni fosil kan\u0131tlar, Homo sapiens<\/em> soyundan elde etti\u011fimiz en eski \u00f6rnekleri 100.000 y\u0131ldan fazla geriye itiyor.<\/p>\n

Fas – Jebel Irhoud\u2019daki ke\u015fifler, t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7in karma\u015f\u0131k fosil kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ve biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n Afrika\u2019daki insan evrimi \u00fczerine g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmelerine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck edecek.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcze (Natural History Museum \u00e7.n.) insan k\u00f6kenleri uzman\u0131 Prof. Chris Stringer bulgular\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle yorumluyor: \u201cBu bulgular, muhtemelen Homo sapiens<\/em> soya\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n erken \u00fcyelerinin ve Orta Ta\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 aletlerinin, \u015fu andaki en eski ili\u015fkilerini temsil ediyor. Bulgular, Fas\u2019\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn evrimindeki durgun halinden, \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan bir yer haline ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

Eski kemikler i\u00e7in yeni bir tarih <\/strong><\/p>\n

Fosiller Jebel Irhoud\u2019da ilkin 1960\u2019larda bulundular, fakat k\u00f6ken olarak yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k olduklar\u0131 tahmin edildi. O d\u00f6nemde, s\u00f6z konusu fosiller insan k\u00f6kenleriyle alakal\u0131 mevcut teorilerden herhangi birine uymuyordu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sadece bir merak konusu olarak kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

1990\u2019lardaki bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, kemikleri 200 ve 100 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihledi. Bununla birlikte, Almanya\u2019daki Max Planc Evrimsel Antropoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larca s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen ve geli\u015fmi\u015f tarihleme y\u00f6ntemleri kullanan yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla fosillerin \u00e7ok daha eski olduklar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Kafatas\u0131 \u015fekillerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131: (a) yakla\u015f\u0131k 430 bin y\u0131l ya\u015f\u0131nda olan, \u0130spanya – Sima de los Huesos\u2019tan bir erken Neanderthal kafatas\u0131, (b) yakla\u015f\u0131k 60-40 bin ya\u015f\u0131nda, Fransa – La Ferrassie\u2019den bir ge\u00e7 Neanderthal kafatas\u0131, (c) bir Jebel Irhoud fosili ve (d) Fransa – Abri Pataud\u2019dan, yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 bin y\u0131l ya\u015f\u0131nda bir Homo sapiens fosili. G\u00f6sterilen b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrler, kopyad\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Biliminsanlar\u0131 daha sonra alandan hem par\u00e7al\u0131 bir kafatas\u0131 ve bir alt \u00e7ene kemi\u011fi d\u00e2hil daha fazla insan kemi\u011fi \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. Dahas\u0131, kemiklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ta\u015f aletler de buldular. Termol\u00fcminesans (Thermoluminescence<\/em>) tarihleme olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir teknik, bu aletleri 350-280 bin y\u0131l kadar \u00f6ncesine ya\u015fland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu esnada, daha \u00f6nce ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f bir fosil di\u015fin g\u00fcncel incelemesi, tahmini ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 160 binden 318-254 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine de\u011fi\u015ftirerek, onu (ta\u015f) aletlerle ayn\u0131 zaman dilimine yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmdeki bir y\u00fcz <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Irhoud fosil kafatas\u0131 y\u00fczlerini, Neandertahaller<\/em> gibi, bir dizi g\u00fcncel ve ge\u00e7mi\u015f insan akrabalar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi ki y\u00fcz olarak Irhoud t\u00fcrleri en fazla modern Homo sapiens<\/em>lerle benze\u015fiyordu. Homo sapiens<\/em> soy a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n erken \u00f6rnekleri olarak, kafataslar\u0131 modern ve arkaik insan \u00f6zelliklerinin bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n

Prof Stringer \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u201cIrhoud fosilleri, 300 bin ya\u015f\u0131ndaki birinden beklenebilece\u011fi gibi daha uzun, daha al\u00e7ak kafatas\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ka\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, geni\u015f bir y\u00fcz ve di\u015fler gibi ilkel \u00f6zellikler sergiliyor. Yine de narin elmac\u0131k kemikleri ve geriye bas\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fc, kafatas\u0131n\u0131n detaylar\u0131, di\u015fler ve \u00e7ene kemi\u011finin \u015feklinde oldu\u011fu gibi, daha modern g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.\u201d<\/p>\n

Homo Sapiens<\/em><\/strong>\u2019lerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Homo sapiens<\/em>\u2019lerin Afrika\u2019da Homo t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7indeki atalar\u0131ndan tam olarak ne zaman evrildi\u011fi bilinmiyor. \u201cNe var ki fosillerden ve DNA\u2019dan g\u00fcncel kan\u0131tlar\u201d diyor Prof. Stringer, \u201cmodern insan ve Neanderthal<\/em> soy a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n en az 500 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her iki soy a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n daha erken \u00f6rneklerini bulmam\u0131z gerekir.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki \u0130spanya\u2019daki Sima de los Huesos\u2019ta (Pit of the Bones – Kemikler \u00c7ukuru) yakla\u015f\u0131k 430 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihlenen erken Neanderthal<\/em> fosilleri bulundu. Fakat bug\u00fcne kadar, anatomik olarak modern insana benzeyen, bulunmu\u015f en erken fosil Omo Kibis – Etiyopya\u2019dand\u0131 ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 bin y\u0131l ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Asya, Avrupa ve Afrika\u2019daki \u00e7oklu soya\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131yla, insan evriminin son yar\u0131m milyon y\u0131ll\u0131k temsili. Di\u011fer erken insanlar\u0131n \u00f6rnekleri bulunmas\u0131, resimdeki bo\u015fluklar\u0131n doldurulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Homo sapiens<\/em> soya\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l geli\u015fti\u011finin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcyle ilgili, Irhoud ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n doldurulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bo\u015fluk vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Prof Stringer, di\u011fer fosil ke\u015fiflerinin de ayn\u0131 zamanda yeniden incelenmeye ihtiya\u00e7 bulundu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor: \u201cFas\u2019taki Sal\u00e9 ve Thomas Quarries ve Tanzanya\u2019daki Ndutu gibi kaz\u0131 alanlar\u0131ndan daha erken ve ihmal edilmi\u015f fosillerin, t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz Homo sapiens<\/em>\u2019in daha arkaik \u00fcyeleri olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck resim <\/strong><\/p>\n

Prof Stringer, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n, erken Homo sapiens<\/em> soy a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla \u00f6rne\u011fi ke\u015ffedildik\u00e7e anatomik olarak arkaik ve modern insan aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fun kaybolaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131yor. \u201cIrhoud materyallerinin Afrika\u2019daki Homo sapiens<\/em> geli\u015fiminin b\u00fcy\u00fck resmine nas\u0131l yerle\u015fece\u011fi hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fil\u201d diyor, \u201cfakat k\u0131tada birlikte g\u00f6r\u00fclen farkl\u0131 insan formlar\u0131n\u0131n ve soya\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k resmine katk\u0131da bulunacakt\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n

Prof Stringer ekliyor: \u201cMuhtemeldir ki yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Afrika\u2019da, Merkezi Afrika\u2019daki Homo hilderbergensis<\/em>\u2019in daha arkaik soya\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n hayatta kalan \u00f6rnekleri ve g\u00fcneydeki Homo naledi<\/em> gibi, \u00e7e\u015fitli erken Homo sapiens<\/em> pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda vard\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kaynak<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) http:\/\/www.nhm.ac.uk\/discover\/news\/2017\/june\/oldest-known-homo-sapiens-fossils-discovered-in-morocco.html<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fas\u2019taki bir arkeolojik alandaki kaz\u0131lar, t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz Homo sapiens\u2019in bilinen en eski fosillerini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Alanda bulunan insan kemikleri ve ta\u015f aletler 350 ila 280 bin ya\u015f\u0131nda. Bu yeni fosil kan\u0131tlar, Homo sapiens soyundan elde etti\u011fimiz en eski \u00f6rnekleri 100.000 y\u0131ldan fazla geriye itiyor. Fas – Jebel Irhoud\u2019daki ke\u015fifler, t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7in karma\u015f\u0131k fosil kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":673,"featured_media":29088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29087","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29087","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/673"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29087"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29087\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29087"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29087"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29087"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}