{"id":29459,"date":"2018-09-17T11:14:48","date_gmt":"2018-09-17T08:14:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=29459"},"modified":"2018-09-17T12:28:58","modified_gmt":"2018-09-17T09:28:58","slug":"napolyonu-waterlooda-bir-volkan-mi-yenilgiye-ugratti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/09\/17\/napolyonu-waterlooda-bir-volkan-mi-yenilgiye-ugratti","title":{"rendered":"Napolyon’u\u00a0Waterloo’da bir\u00a0volkan m\u0131 yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Napolyon\u2019un Waterloo\u2019daki tarihi yenilgisini iki ay \u00f6nce ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 13 bin kilometre \u00f6tede patlayan bir volkan tetiklemi\u015f olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

18 Haziran 1815 y\u0131l\u0131nda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bel\u00e7ika s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015fanan bu belirleyici sava\u015fta pis ve \u0131slak ko\u015fullar Napolyon\u2019un ordusunun \u00e7amura g\u00f6m\u00fclmesine sebep olmu\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na stratejik bir avantaj sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak yeni bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, o y\u0131l\u0131n May\u0131s ve Haziran aylar\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019da sele sebep olan bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar, Nisan ay\u0131nda Endonezya\u2019da bulunan Tambora adl\u0131 volkan\u0131n patlamas\u0131yla ya\u015fanan belirli bir atmosferik tetiklemeden kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Patlayan volkanlar, k\u00fcl bulutlar\u0131n\u0131 atmosferin ikinci katman\u0131 olan ve d\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinin 50 km yukar\u0131s\u0131na dek uzanan stratosfere kadar p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtebilir. Patlamadaki gazlar zamanla solar radyasyon yayan aerosoller – hava par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 \u2013 yaratabilir ve bu da ge\u00e7ici olarak k\u00fcresel iklimi etkileyebilir. Ancak \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki Londra Emperyal Koleji\u2019nde Yer Bilimleri ve M\u00fchendisli\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde k\u0131demli okutman olan Matthew Genge\u2019nin 21 A\u011fustos\u2019ta internet \u00fczerinden Jeoloji<\/i> isimli dergide yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc patlamalar\u0131n istisnai olarak elektrik kuvvetleri de \u00fcreterek k\u00fcl par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 daha y\u00fckse\u011fe, d\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinin 80 ila 1000 km \u00fczerinde yer alan, bulut olu\u015fturan iyonosfere kadar p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtebilece\u011fi rapor ediliyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Paul Delaroche taraf\u0131ndan 1845 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f “Napol\u00e9on abdiquant \u00e0 Fontainebleau” isimli portrede ka\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131k, huysuz bir Napolyon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bir kez iyonosfere ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, elektrikle y\u00fcklenmi\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131klar yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn iklimini daha \u00e7ok bozabilir ki Genge\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re bu tam olarak Tambora Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n patlamas\u0131ndan sonra ya\u015fanan olay. Bu patlama h\u0131zl\u0131ca atmosferde \u201ck\u0131sa devre\u201d yaratt\u0131 ve Avrupa\u2019daki hava durumunu \u015fekillendirerek Napolyon\u2019un ordusunun birka\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde havlu atmas\u0131na sebep oldu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018Yazs\u0131z ge\u00e7en bir y\u0131l\u2019<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ulusal Atmosfer Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\u2019ne (NCAR) g\u00f6re, 5 Nisan 1815 g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flayan ve d\u00f6rt ay s\u00fcren Tambora Da\u011f\u0131 patlamas\u0131 tarihte kaydedilen en b\u00fcy\u00fck yanarda\u011f patlamas\u0131 olup Sumbawa adas\u0131ndaki yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 bin insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine ve yak\u0131nda bulunan binalar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesine sebep olacak kadar \u00e7ok k\u00fcl\u00fcn toprakta birikmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Biliminsanlar\u0131 Tambora\u2019daki patlaman\u0131n k\u00fcresel iklimi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiledi\u011fini uzun zamand\u0131r biliyorlar. Stratosfere p\u00fcsk\u00fcren k\u00fcl ve partik\u00fcller gezegenin etraf\u0131nda dola\u015farak takip eden y\u0131lda d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 3 derece d\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. NCAR\u2019\u0131n raporuna g\u00f6re 1816 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019 da aylar s\u00fcren so\u011fuk ve kasvetli hava \u201cyazs\u0131z ge\u00e7en bir y\u0131l\u201d olarak bilinmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak bu u\u00e7u\u015fan partik\u00fcllerin k\u00fcresel havay\u0131 etkilemesi aylar s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve Genge\u2019ye g\u00f6re eskiden 1815 bahar\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019da ya\u015fanan anormal ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n volkanla ili\u015fkisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak, onun patlamalardaki elektrik kuvvetleri hakk\u0131ndaki yeni bulgular\u0131 aksini \u00f6neriyordu. Genge yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sim\u00fclasyonlarda, volkan\u0131n duman bulutundaki ve par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki negatif y\u00fcklerin birbirini iterek k\u00fcllerin iyonosfere y\u00fckseldi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Genge bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bu etkinin, ayn\u0131 kutuplu m\u0131knat\u0131slar\u0131n birbirini itmesi gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda, 1815 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki k\u00fcresel hava verilerinin yetersiz oldu\u011funu ve bu y\u00fczden de ya\u015fanan patlaman\u0131n daha sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan meteorolojik bozukluklarla ili\u015fkilendirilmesinin zor oldu\u011funu belirtti. Ancak Genge\u2019ye g\u00f6re, 1883 y\u0131l\u0131nda, yine Endonezya\u2019da yer alan Krakatoa\u2019da ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yanarda\u011f patlamas\u0131na ait daha eksiksiz hava raporlar\u0131, patlamadan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra iyonosferik bozukluklara ve hava bozulmas\u0131na dair i\u015faretler g\u00f6sterdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, Tambora\u2019n\u0131n 1815 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki patlamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan elektrikle y\u00fcklenmi\u015f, y\u00fckselen k\u00fcller birka\u00e7 hafta i\u00e7inde Avrupa\u2019daki hava durumunu etkilemi\u015f olabilir; yani stratosferdeki k\u00fcl par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n 1816 yaz\u0131 boyunca Avrupa semalar\u0131n\u0131 karartmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Kaynak<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/63494-napoleon-defeat-waterloo-volcano.html<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Napolyon\u2019un Waterloo\u2019daki tarihi yenilgisini iki ay \u00f6nce ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 13 bin kilometre \u00f6tede patlayan bir volkan tetiklemi\u015f olabilir. 18 Haziran 1815 y\u0131l\u0131nda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bel\u00e7ika s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015fanan bu belirleyici sava\u015fta pis ve \u0131slak ko\u015fullar Napolyon\u2019un ordusunun \u00e7amura g\u00f6m\u00fclmesine sebep olmu\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na stratejik bir avantaj sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak yeni bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, o y\u0131l\u0131n May\u0131s ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1428,"featured_media":29461,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[2848,4080,4079,4078],"class_list":["post-29459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-napolyon","tag-stratosfer","tag-volkan","tag-waterloo"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t