{"id":29509,"date":"2018-09-20T05:00:24","date_gmt":"2018-09-20T02:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=29509"},"modified":"2018-09-20T05:47:43","modified_gmt":"2018-09-20T02:47:43","slug":"bilim-insanlari-hayat-basladiginda-var-olan-proteini-kesfetti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/09\/20\/bilim-insanlari-hayat-basladiginda-var-olan-proteini-kesfetti","title":{"rendered":"Bilim insanlar\u0131, hayat ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda var olan proteini ke\u015ffetti"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyada hayat nas\u0131l meydana geldi?<\/span> Rutgers ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131, ya\u015fam ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, h\u00fccreler i\u00e7in gerekli ve ya\u015fam\u0131n yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131 olan, i\u015flevsel basit protein kataliz\u00f6rlerinin var olabilece\u011fine dair ilk ve belki de tek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kan\u0131t\u0131 buldular. <\/span><\/p>\n

Primordiyal veya k\u0131sa protein \u00fczerine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Journal of the American Chemical Society\u2019de <\/i>yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

1980\u2019lerin sonu ve 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, kimyager G\u00fcnter W\u00e4chtersh\u00e4user, ya\u015fam\u0131n okyanusta demir ve k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7eren kayalar\u0131n \u00fczerinde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. W\u00e4chtersh\u00e4user ve di\u011ferleri, Rutgers’ Robert Wood Johnson Medical School\u2019da do\u00e7ent olan Vikas Nanda\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak k\u0131sa peptitlerin metalleri ba\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ya\u015fam \u00fcreten kimyan\u0131n kataliz\u00f6rleri olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130nsan DNA’s\u0131, birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz ile birka\u00e7 bin aminoasit uzunlu\u011fundaki proteinleri kodlayan genlerden olu\u015fur. B\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde i\u015flev g\u00f6rmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan bu karma\u015f\u0131k proteinler milyarlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k evrimin sonucudur. Ya\u015fam ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda proteinler \u00e7ok daha basitti, belki de sadece 10 ile 20 aminoasit uzunlu\u011fundayd\u0131lar.\u00a0 <\/span>Nanda’ya g\u00f6re Rutgers\u2019ten bilim insanlar\u0131, bir bilgisayar modellemesi ile ilk peptitlerin neye benzedi\u011fini ve olas\u0131 kimyasal i\u015flevlerini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bilgisayarlar, k\u0131sa 12-aminoasidi modellemek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131 bilgisayarlar\u0131, k\u0131sa 12-aminoasitli bir proteini modellemek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131lar ve laboratuvarda test ettiler. Bu peptidin \u00e7e\u015fitli etkileyici ve \u00f6nemli \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131. Sadece iki tip aminoasit i\u00e7eriyor (belirli v\u00fccut fonksiyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan milyonlarca farkl\u0131 proteini sentezleyen tahmini 20 aminoasit yerine), \u00e7ok k\u0131sa ve D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde do\u011fru ko\u015fullarda kendili\u011finden meydana gelebilirler. Bu peptidin \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki metal k\u00fcme, yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki ilk okyanuslarda bol miktarda bulunan demir-s\u00fclf\u00fcr minerallerinin yap\u0131s\u0131na ve kimyas\u0131na benzer. Center for Advanced Technology and Medicine\u2019de \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi olan Nanda\u2019ya g\u00f6re, bu peptit elektronlar\u0131 par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rmadan tekrar tekrar \u015farj ve de\u015farj edebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar demir ve s\u00fclf\u00fcrden olu\u015fan metal bir \u00e7ekirde\u011fi saran sentetik k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir protein tasarlad\u0131lar. Bu protein h\u00fccre i\u00e7indeki elektronlar\u0131 hareket ettirerek tekrar tekrar \u015farj edilip bo\u015falt\u0131labilir. Bu t\u00fcr peptitler elektronlar\u0131 hareket ettirerek ilk metabolik d\u00f6ng\u00fclerde var olmu\u015f olabilir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Rutgers \u00c7evre Biyofizi\u011fi ve Molek\u00fcler Ekoloji Laboratuvar\u0131’na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden k\u0131demli yazar Profes\u00f6r Paul G. Falkowski, \u201cFerredoksinler olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan modern proteinler, metabolizmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in h\u00fccrelerin etraf\u0131ndaki elektronlar\u0131 getirip g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrler. \u0130nceledi\u011fimiz gibi bir primordiyal peptit, ya\u015fam\u0131n k\u00f6keninde benzer bir i\u015flev g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olabilir,” dedi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Falkowski, Rutgers bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n liderli\u011findeki NASA taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilen bir ENIGMA projesinin temel ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve protein kataliz\u00f6rlerinin hayat\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda nas\u0131l evrildi\u011fini anlamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Nanda, primordiyal peptidin t\u00fcm potansiyelini karakterize edecek ve ya\u015fam\u0131n k\u00f6keninde anahtar rol oynam\u0131\u015f olabilecek di\u011fer molek\u00fclleri geli\u015ftirmeye devam edecek bir tak\u0131ma \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck ediyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n faydas\u0131 ne oldu?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Bilgisayarlarla birlikte, Rutgers bilim insanlar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 10,000 proteini par\u00e7alad\u0131lar ve d\u00f6rt tane “Legos of life” (t\u00fcm organizmalar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki say\u0131s\u0131z proteinleri olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in istiflenebilen \u00e7ekirdek kimyasal yap\u0131lar\u0131) belirlediler. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck primordiyal peptit, kendisinden daha uzun olan Legos of life’a bir \u00f6nc\u00fc olabilir ve bilim insanlar\u0131 art\u0131k bu tip peptitlerin ilkel-ya\u015fam\u0131n kimyas\u0131 i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda deneyler yapabilirler.<\/span><\/p>\n


\n<\/span>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ortak yazarlar\u0131 John Dongun Kim, doktora sonras\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve lisans\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenci Douglas H. Pike.<\/span> Di\u011fer yazarlar Alexei M. Tyryshkin ve G.V.T. Swapna, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bilim insanlar\u0131; Hagai Raanan, doktora sonras\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131; Gaetano T. Montelione, Jerome ve Lorraine Aresty Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Molek\u00fcler Biyoloji ve Biyokimya B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde se\u00e7kin profes\u00f6r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130leri Teknoloji ve T\u0131p Merkezi’nde yerle\u015fik \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kaynak<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2018\/08\/180830180101.htm<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyada hayat nas\u0131l meydana geldi? Rutgers ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131, ya\u015fam ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, h\u00fccreler i\u00e7in gerekli ve ya\u015fam\u0131n yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131 olan, i\u015flevsel basit protein kataliz\u00f6rlerinin var olabilece\u011fine dair ilk ve belki de tek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kan\u0131t\u0131 buldular. Primordiyal veya k\u0131sa protein \u00fczerine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Journal of the American Chemical Society\u2019de yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1980\u2019lerin sonu ve 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, kimyager G\u00fcnter W\u00e4chtersh\u00e4user, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":746,"featured_media":29510,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,1],"tags":[4092,568,4091,1171],"class_list":["post-29509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-genel","tag-aminoasit","tag-bilim-insanlari","tag-hayat","tag-protein"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t