Fizyoloji veya t\u0131p alan\u0131nda Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, kanserin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi hedeflenerek nas\u0131l tedavi edilebilece\u011fini ke\u015ffeden James Allison ve Tasuku Honjo’ya verildi.<\/p>\n
Kanser h\u00fccreleri, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemlerimiz taraf\u0131ndan “yabanc\u0131” olarak tan\u0131nabilecekleri anlam\u0131na gelen mutasyonlara sahiptir. Ancak ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimizin kansere kar\u015f\u0131 reaksiyonlar\u0131 genellikle \u00e7ok zay\u0131ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan James Allison ve Tasuku Honjo, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi \u00fczerinde fren g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren proteinleri ke\u015ffettiler. Daha sonra, bu frenleri serbest b\u0131rakman\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin kanser h\u00fccrelerine sald\u0131rmas\u0131na izin verece\u011fini fark ettiler.<\/p>\n
Kontrol noktas\u0131 inhibit\u00f6rleri olarak bilinen bir\u00e7ok ila\u00e7, bu prensibe dayan\u0131larak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130mm\u00fcnoterapi, kanser ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda en \u00e7ok umut veren s\u0131n\u0131rlardan biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Honjo i\u00e7in bir ‘hayal’: Kanser tedavi<\/strong><\/p>\n Honjo, bir s\u0131n\u0131f arkada\u015f\u0131 mide kanserinden \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, 1960’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda bir stajyer doktor olarak kanserle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak konusunda karar verdi. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda New Scientist<\/em>‘e \u201cHayalim kanser tedavisi\u201d demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Honjo, 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda protein PD-1’i ke\u015ffetti ve bunu devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakman\u0131n, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini farelerde hiperaktif hale getirdi\u011fini buldu. \u201cBa\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi frenlere ve h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lara ihtiya\u00e7 duyar ve PD-1 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir frendir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Daha sonra, kanser h\u00fccrelerinin s\u0131kl\u0131kla PD-1 ile etkile\u015fime giren ba\u015fka bir protein \u00fcretti\u011fini buldu. Bu etkile\u015fim, kanser h\u00fccrelerinin kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k reaksiyonunu bast\u0131rmas\u0131na izin verecekti. Ancak fareler PD-1’den yoksun olacak \u015fekilde tasarland\u0131ysa, t\u00fcm\u00f6rler b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyecekti.<\/p>\n Honjo, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, bulgular\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek konusunda ila\u00e7 end\u00fcstrisini ikna etmekte \u00e7ok zorland\u0131.\u00a0\u015eimdi, nivolumab ve pembrolizumab gibi PD-1 inhibit\u00f6rlerinin, t\u00fcm\u00f6rleri kemoterapi ve radyoterapiden \u00e7ok daha hafif yan etkilerle \u00e7ok daha etkili bir \u015fekilde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n ABD G\u0131da ve \u0130la\u00e7 \u0130daresi’nin onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk kontrol noktas\u0131 inhibit\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n ABD’de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan James Allison, ba\u015fka bir \u201ckontrol noktas\u0131\u201d proteini olan CTLA-4’\u00fc ke\u015ffetti ve antikorun ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccresi ile daha fazla aktif hale gelmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu proteini hedef alan bir ila\u00e7 olan ipilimumab, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD G\u0131da ve \u0130la\u00e7 \u0130daresi taraf\u0131ndan onaylanan ilk kontrol noktas\u0131 inhibit\u00f6r\u00fc oldu.<\/p>\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan yararlanan hastalarla tan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n “b\u00fcy\u00fck duygusal ayr\u0131cal\u0131k” oldu\u011funu ifade eden Allison, hi\u00e7bir zaman \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konusunun y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirebilece\u011fini dahi hayal etmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi ve \u015funlar\u0131 ekledi:<\/p>\n \u201cTemel bilimlerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u015feylerin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek ve anlamak i\u00e7in temel bilimlere duydu\u011fumuz g\u00fcveni takip etmemiz gerekti\u011finin bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r”<\/p>\n Kaynak<\/strong><\/p>\n https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2181067-cancer-immune-therapy-recognised-with-nobel-prize-for-medicine\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Fizyoloji veya t\u0131p alan\u0131nda Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, kanserin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi hedeflenerek nas\u0131l tedavi edilebilece\u011fini ke\u015ffeden James Allison ve Tasuku Honjo’ya verildi. Kanser h\u00fccreleri, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemlerimiz taraf\u0131ndan “yabanc\u0131” olarak tan\u0131nabilecekleri anlam\u0131na gelen mutasyonlara sahiptir. Ancak ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimizin kansere kar\u015f\u0131 reaksiyonlar\u0131 genellikle \u00e7ok zay\u0131ft\u0131r. Birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan James Allison ve Tasuku Honjo, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi \u00fczerinde fren g\u00f6revi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1576,"featured_media":29948,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[289,4154,629,4155,640],"class_list":["post-29947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-fizyoloji","tag-james-allison","tag-nobel","tag-tasuku-honjo","tag-tip"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1576"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29947"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29947\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29947"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}