{"id":30042,"date":"2018-10-07T05:00:04","date_gmt":"2018-10-07T02:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=30042"},"modified":"2018-10-10T18:33:47","modified_gmt":"2018-10-10T15:33:47","slug":"evrenle-soylesiler-16-bir-kuazarla-soylesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/10\/07\/evrenle-soylesiler-16-bir-kuazarla-soylesi","title":{"rendered":"Evrenle s\u00f6yle\u015filer 16: Bir kuazarla s\u00f6yle\u015fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7eviren: Nal\u00e2n Mahsereci<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kuazarlar, y\u0131llard\u0131r astronomlar\u0131n kafalar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; bu s\u00f6yle\u015fide onlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bize ge\u00e7mi\u015fin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc vermeye yetti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Kuazarlar Evren i\u00e7indeki en enerjik nesneler ve muazzam g\u00fc\u00e7lerini \u00fcreten tek bir motorlar\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0– S\u00f6yle\u015fiye kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Burada olmaktan ben de memnunum.<\/p>\n

– Bize kuazar s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ne anlama geldi\u011fini anlatabilir misiniz?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Bug\u00fcnlerde kuazar s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u201cy\u0131ld\u0131za benzer\u201d gibi \u201cy\u0131ld\u0131zs\u0131 nesne\u201d anlam\u0131 kazand\u0131; ama sizi zamanda geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeme izin verin. 1960\u2019larda, nesnelerin yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerjiyi \u00f6zel bir yolla g\u00f6zlemlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131n\u0131z. O zaman i\u00e7in bu sizin en b\u00fcy\u00fck gizemlerinizden biriydi. Ne oldu\u011fum hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir fikriniz yoktu.<\/p>\n

– Gizem neydi?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Birka\u00e7 gizem vard\u0131. Birisi, spektral \u00e7izgileri tan\u0131mlayamam\u0131\u015f olman\u0131zd\u0131.<\/p>\n

– Hidrojen, her bir elementin, t\u0131pk\u0131 parmak izi gibi \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir spektral \u00e7izgi d\u00fczenine sahip oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Kesinlikle; benimkileri ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta tan\u0131mlayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

– Neydiler?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Pek\u00e2l\u00e2, onlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hidrojen \u00e7izgilerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorlard\u0131; ama onlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayamad\u0131n\u0131z, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya kaymaya sahiptiler.<\/p>\n

– Bir dakika g\u00f6z atmama izin verin, evet, galaksi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya kaymay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u2026 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Biz bu konuda uzman\u0131z.<\/p>\n

– Biz derken?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Buna birazdan gelece\u011fim. Evren\u2019i bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, en uzaktaki nesneler, hareketlerinde en h\u0131zl\u0131 olanlard\u0131r ve bundan dolay\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya kaymalar\u0131 \u00e7oktur. Bizim geni\u015f k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya kaymam\u0131z\u0131n iki anlam\u0131 vard\u0131: H\u0131zl\u0131 hareket ediyorduk ve \u00e7ok uzaktayd\u0131k.<\/p>\n

– Yani, y\u00fcksek h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131z gizemi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor mu?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>K\u0131smen, fakat bu astronomlar\u0131 bir on y\u0131l \u015fa\u015fk\u0131na \u00e7evirdi.<\/p>\n

– Nas\u0131l yani?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>\u00d6ncelikle, e\u011fer o kadar uzaktaysak, y\u0131ld\u0131z olamazd\u0131k. O uzakl\u0131ktaki y\u0131ld\u0131zlar, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez olacaklard\u0131r, g\u00f6l\u00fcn alt\u0131ndaki eski bir madeni paran\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131dan \u00e7ok s\u00f6n\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmesi gibi\u2026<\/p>\n

– Kula\u011fa mant\u0131kl\u0131 geliyor\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Yani sizin i\u00e7in mant\u0131kl\u0131 olan, bizim galaksi olmam\u0131zd\u0131.<\/p>\n

– Bu neden bir sorundu?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>\u0130ki nedenle. Sarmal galaksiyle bir s\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131n\u0131z, orada olmu\u015f kabul edilen \u015fey \u015fuydu: Ne g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsan\u0131z, temelde \u00e7ok say\u0131da y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n sonucudur. Bir di\u011fer anlat\u0131mla, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde saptad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z enerji, asl\u0131nda 10 milyar y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00fcretiminin birbirine eklenmesinin sonucundan daha fazla de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

– Evet.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Kuazarlar farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u0131ld\u0131zlardan gelen optik enerjinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7ok miktarda k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi ve radyo dalga boyunda enerji \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fcn\u00fcz. Normal galaksiler buna sahip de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

– Anl\u0131yorum.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>G\u00fcvece biraz daha baharat eklersek, bizim toplam enerjimiz bir galaksiden bin kat daha fazla parlakl\u0131k \u00fcretir ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 size en s\u00fcrprizli \u00f6zelli\u011fimizden s\u00f6z etmi\u015f de\u011filim.<\/p>\n

– L\u00fctfen s\u00f6z edin\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>B\u00fct\u00fcn bu enerji, uzay\u0131n \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 derecede k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6lgesinden a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar ve bu b\u00f6lge, olas\u0131l\u0131kla radyanda bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu b\u00fct\u00fcn galaksinizi \u015fimdikinden 100.000 kat daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alana s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak gibidir.<\/p>\n

– Bu olanaks\u0131z de\u011fil mi?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Hay\u0131r, e\u011fer galaksiniz o boyuta kadar bir bi\u00e7imde s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilirse, \u00e7\u00f6kerek bir kara deli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek ve karanl\u0131k duruma gelecektir.<\/p>\n

– Kuazar sorununu do\u011fru anlam\u0131\u015f m\u0131y\u0131m, bir bakal\u0131m. \u00c7ok fazla enerji yay\u0131yorsunuz, yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bu muazzam enerjiye g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcks\u00fcn\u00fcz. Ve spektrumunuz yanl\u0131\u015f, \u00f6yle \u00e7ok k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi enerji yay\u0131yorsunuz ki, ancak \u00e7ok say\u0131da y\u0131ld\u0131zdan olu\u015fan basit bir k\u00fcme olsayd\u0131n\u0131z bu sonu\u00e7 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Kesinlikle.<\/p>\n

– \u015eu durumda siz nesiniz?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Galaksileriz, ama \u00e7ok \u00f6zel bir merkeze sahibiz.<\/p>\n

– Nas\u0131l bir merkez?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fctleli bir karadelik.<\/p>\n

– Ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019inizin k\u00fctlesinden bir milyar kez daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir karadelik.<\/p>\n

– E\u011fer galaksi bir kara deli\u011fe \u00e7\u00f6kerse, karanl\u0131k hale gelecektir dedi\u011finizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Evet, e\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn bir galaksi kara deli\u011fe \u00e7\u00f6kerse, g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez hale gelecektir. Biz birici\u011fiz. Merkezimizde, bu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir kara deli\u011fe sahibiz, ama galaksinin geri kalan\u0131nda bolca y\u0131ld\u0131z var.<\/p>\n

– Peki,\u00a0 enerji nereden geliyor?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Y\u0131ld\u0131zlardan farkl\u0131 olarak, f\u00fczyon benim motorumun yak\u0131t\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

– Yak\u0131t\u0131n\u0131z nedir?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Kara deli\u011fe ka\u00e7an y\u0131ld\u0131zlard\u0131r. S\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z karadelik, bu temel kavram\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n

– Bir bakal\u0131m, \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: \u201cHer zaman kap\u0131m\u0131 t\u0131klatan ziyaret\u00e7ilerim vard\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda, i\u00e7eriye girmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok fazla gayret eden vard\u0131r; trafik yo\u011funlu\u011fu Long Island Ekspres yolunda, \u00f6\u011fleden sonra 17.00 civar\u0131nda olandan bile k\u00f6t\u00fcd\u00fcr. S\u00f6ylememe izin verirseniz, olduk\u00e7a k\u0131zg\u0131nd\u0131rlar. Asl\u0131nda, \u00e7evreleyen materyal \u00e7ok s\u0131cak hale gelir, \u00f6zel bir t\u00fcr x-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 radyasyonu yay\u0131nlar.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Long Island Ekspres yolunun ne oldu\u011funu bilmiyorum, ama evet, bu basit bir fikir. \u015eu var ki, benim b\u00f6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck olan kara deli\u011fim, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar ve toz benzeri \u00e7ok fazla materyal yakalar ve bunlar deli\u011fin i\u00e7ine do\u011fru girdapla d\u00f6nerek inerken, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7ok s\u0131cak olurlar ve bu enerjiyi yay\u0131nlarlar.<\/p>\n

– Yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z b\u00fct\u00fcn enerjinin hesab\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine, \u00e7ok fazla maddenin \u00e7ekilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yorum.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Hakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Her bir g\u00fcn i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n k\u00fctlesine e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n

– B\u00fcy\u00fcleyici, ama bir dakika geri d\u00f6nebilir miyim?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Tabii ki.<\/p>\n

– Kuazarlar\u0131n \u00e7ok uzak nesneler oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftiniz.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>G\u00f6rebildi\u011finiz en uzak nesneler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Evren\u2019in bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak homojen oldu\u011fu izlenimine sahiptim ve bu Evren\u2019de biz \u00f6zel bir yer tutmuyorduk. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, hepiniz bu kadar uzaktaysan\u0131z \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ki, olduk\u00e7a \u00f6zel bir yer tutabiliriz.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>\u0130lgin\u00e7 bir nokta, ama bir \u015feyi unutuyorsunuz. Uzaya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bak\u0131yorsunuz.<\/p>\n

– Uzaya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bak\u0131yorum. Bunun nedeni \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bize yolculu\u011funun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Evet, \u00d6rne\u011fin, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fczdeki en parlak y\u0131ld\u0131z olan Sirius\u2019a bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz \u0131\u015f\u0131klar 9 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Size en yak\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca galaksi olan Andromeda Galaksisine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte 3 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine bakars\u0131n\u0131z. Size en uzak kuazara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, 10 milyar y\u0131l \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

– 10 milyar y\u0131l \u00f6nce! Evren\u2019in ya\u015f\u0131na yak\u0131n bir zaman bu!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Evet, bir teleskop ger\u00e7ekten uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sondaj yapan bir zaman makinesi gibidir.<\/p>\n

– Yani yeterince b\u00fcy\u00fck bir teleskopa sahip olsayd\u0131k, zaman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na tan\u0131k olabilirdik.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Her \u015feyin do\u011fumuna m\u0131? Bu ger\u00e7ekten b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici olurdu, ama hay\u0131r, geriye gidebilece\u011finiz uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir limiti vard\u0131r, bu Evren\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– \u00c7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Belki, ama benim hik\u00e2yeme geri d\u00f6nersek, kuazarlara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, Evren\u2019in uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fine bakars\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130lerleyen zamanlarda karadelikler -eri\u015febilecekleri y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler haricinde- emebildikleri kadar y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 i\u00e7lerine \u00e7ekmi\u015f, galaksinin merkezinde at\u0131l bi\u00e7imde fark edilmeksizin yatmaktad\u0131rlar. Yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131zda pek fazla kuazar g\u00f6rmemenizin nedeni, karadeliklerin doymu\u015f oldu\u011fu zamandan \u00e7ok sonras\u0131na bakman\u0131zd\u0131r. Bizi ancak derin ge\u00e7mi\u015fin i\u00e7ine bakarsan\u0131z g\u00f6rebileceksiniz.<\/p>\n

– Yani ge\u00e7mi\u015ften \u00f6\u011frenebiliriz\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Evet ve ge\u00e7mi\u015f, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131ld\u0131zlarla dolu olmas\u0131 gibi bilgiyle doludur.<\/p>\n

– B\u00fct\u00fcn bu yolu geldi\u011finiz i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcrler, sizinle s\u00f6yle\u015fmek \u00e7ok keyifliydi. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0– <\/em><\/strong>Te\u015fekk\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7eviren: Nal\u00e2n Mahsereci Kuazarlar, y\u0131llard\u0131r astronomlar\u0131n kafalar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; bu s\u00f6yle\u015fide onlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bize ge\u00e7mi\u015fin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc vermeye yetti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Kuazarlar Evren i\u00e7indeki en enerjik nesneler ve muazzam g\u00fc\u00e7lerini \u00fcreten tek bir motorlar\u0131 bulunuyor. \u00a0– S\u00f6yle\u015fiye kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim. \u00a0– Burada olmaktan ben de memnunum. – Bize kuazar s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ne anlama geldi\u011fini anlatabilir misiniz? \u00a0– Bug\u00fcnlerde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":412,"featured_media":30043,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,2317],"tags":[4179,4180,766],"class_list":["post-30042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomi","category-evrenle-soylesiler","tag-evrenin-dogumu","tag-evrenin-uzak-gecmisi","tag-kara-delik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/412"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30042"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30042\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}