{"id":30078,"date":"2018-10-09T05:03:07","date_gmt":"2018-10-09T02:03:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=30078"},"modified":"2018-11-18T14:11:16","modified_gmt":"2018-11-18T11:11:16","slug":"alaeddin-senel-her-olgu-nedensellik-ile-aciklanabilir-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2018\/10\/09\/alaeddin-senel-her-olgu-nedensellik-ile-aciklanabilir-mi","title":{"rendered":"Al\u00e2eddin \u015eenel: \u201cHer olgu nedensellik ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir mi?\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nedensellik bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7iminin temellerinden birini olu\u015fturur. Ancak her olgunun a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 nedensellik ile yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr? Bu konuya ili\u015fkin 50 Soruda Bilim ve Bilimsel Y\u00f6ntem<\/em><\/a> kitab\u0131nda (1) Al\u00e2eddin \u015eenel \u015funlar\u0131 yaz\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cDo\u011fal, toplumsal, tarihsel her olgunun bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 \u201cnedensellik\u201d ile yap\u0131labilir mi?<\/strong>
\n\u201c\u00c7ok s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel tutumla, cans\u0131z do\u011fa olaylar\u0131 ile canl\u0131 do\u011fa olaylar\u0131 (bilin\u00e7 ve isten\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc davran\u0131\u015flar) kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ayn\u0131 \u00e7uvala konup ereksel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Benzeri ama bunun tersi y\u00f6nde bir kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma (her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ereksel a\u00e7\u0131klamaya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p) cans\u0131z do\u011fa ve canl\u0131 do\u011fa olgular\u0131 kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n toptan nedensel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na kalk\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7abalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u201cVarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k d\u00fczeyi: Jeosfer-biyosfer-noosfer<\/strong>
\n\u201cBu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa, 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda, biri Sovyet bilgini ( V. \u0130. Vernadsky), \u00f6tekisi ondan etkilenen Frans\u0131z Katolik paleontolog (Teilhard de Chardin) ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131, ama ayn\u0131 kavramlar\u0131 (jeosfer-biyosfer-noosfer) kullanarak son verip az \u00e7ok bir d\u00fczen getirdiler. A\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle: Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc, farkl\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k derecelerinde \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00fczeyi vard\u0131r. En \u00f6nce, en az karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131kta olup (\u201cyerk\u00fcre\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen bir s\u00f6zc\u00fckle) \u201cjeosfer\u201d denilen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc (yani cans\u0131z do\u011fa) bulunur. Ondan sonra, onun \u00fczerinde, canl\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201cbiyosfer\u201d (yani canl\u0131 do\u011fa) durur. Biyosfer, denizin dibindeki, topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerindeki, atmosferin i\u00e7indeki canl\u0131lar\u0131 da i\u00e7eren ve jeosferi \u00e7epe\u00e7evre ku\u015fatan bir sanal k\u00fcre olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Onun da \u00fczerinde (Eski Yunanca\u2019dan al\u0131nan, \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen bir s\u00f6zc\u00fckle, k\u00fcre anlam\u0131na gelen bir ba\u015fka s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn birle\u015ftirilmesiyle verilen adla) \u201cnoosfer\u201d denilen bir katman\u0131n (yani d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n) bulundu\u011fu varsay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, insan-insan ili\u015fkileri yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki insan isten\u00e7 (irade) ve eme\u011finin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak gerek cans\u0131z do\u011fada, gerek canl\u0131 do\u011fada yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, yarat\u0131lan yenilikler noosfer i\u00e7ine konmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir kaya par\u00e7as\u0131 jeosfer i\u00e7indedir. Ama insan onu al\u0131p kald\u0131r\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131na, yontuya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fse, noosfere ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f demektir. Bir yaban\u0131l tah\u0131l b\u00f6lgesi biyosfer i\u00e7inde say\u0131l\u0131r. Ama zaman\u0131m\u0131zdan 10-15 biny\u0131l \u00f6nce, Ortado\u011fu topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131, toplay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bu tah\u0131llar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeleri, bir kurakl\u0131kta sulay\u0131p, bir k\u0131tl\u0131kta tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 sulak yerlere ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p ekmi\u015flerse, sonra bunu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k edinmi\u015flerse, tah\u0131l yeti\u015ftirilen yerler ve yeti\u015fen (evcil) tah\u0131l noosfer i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n

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1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda, Sovyet bilgini Vernadsky ve Frans\u0131z Katolik paleontolog Chardin; ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131, ama ayn\u0131 kavramlar\u0131 (jeosfer-biyosfer-noosfer) kullanarak nedensellik konusundaki tart\u0131\u015fmalara son verip bu konuya az \u00e7ok bir d\u00fczen getirdiler.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cBu a\u00e7\u0131klamalara (V. \u0130. Vernadsky\u2019nin ve de Chardin\u2019in eksik b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 bo\u015fluk doldurularak) jeosferi kavrama yolunda \u201cnedensellik\u201d, biyosfer i\u00e7in \u201ci\u015flevsellik\u201d, noosfer i\u00e7in \u201cereksellik\u201d kavramlar\u0131yla yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini eklemekteyim.<\/p>\n

\u201cS\u00f6z konusu kavramlar\u0131n, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczeylerindeki karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k derecelerinin (evriminin) kavranmas\u0131nda sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 yararlar vard\u0131r. Biyosfer de jeosfer gibi (\u201cbilimsel\u201d diye) nedensellik kavram\u0131yla anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p anlat\u0131lmaya kalk\u0131l\u0131rsa, baz\u0131 \u015feyleri a\u00e7\u0131klamada g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Hele noosferle ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler daha da artar. Bir duygu, bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce olay\u0131, molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 neden – sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkileriyle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Ku\u015fkusuz duygunun, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in molek\u00fcllerin ve molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 etkile\u015fimin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gereklidir. Ama alyuvarlar\u0131n g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc oksijenle \u015fekerin yak\u0131lmas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan enerji, beyinde bir karar\u0131n olu\u015fumunu ve ki\u015finin o karar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla eyleme ge\u00e7mesini a\u00e7\u0131klamaya yetmez. Maddenin (molek\u00fcllerin) devinimiyle, etkile\u015fimiyle, tepkime \u00fczerinden bir neden – sonu\u00e7 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131yla kafada ne t\u00fcr \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l s\u00f6ylenebilir ki? Bu duruma bakan kimi kimseler, maddeden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, giderek madde d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan \u00fcst\u00fcn bir duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce evreninin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (dinsel, felsefi) inanc\u0131na kat\u0131labilmektedir. Bu da evrim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131, yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri peki\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u201cJeosferde nedensellik<\/strong>
\n\u201cOysa maddeden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler d\u00fcnyas\u0131 yoktur. B\u00f6yle bir yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmemesi i\u00e7in varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k d\u00fczeyinin ortak ve farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerine bakmak yetebilir: Jeosferde, yani cans\u0131z do\u011fada hemen her olgu, her olay, maddeyle, maddede g\u00f6zlemlenen neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisiyle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilmektedir. A\u00e7\u0131klamadan \u00f6te, s\u00f6z konusu neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kavranan nedenler etkilenerek istenen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ya da istenmeyenlerin engellenmesi yoluyla kan\u0131tlanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u201cBiyosferde i\u015flevsellik<\/strong>
\n\u201cBiyosferde (kurucu \u00f6\u011feleri madde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in) neden – sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkileri s\u00fcrmekle birlikte, maddenin karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imine uygun olarak, s\u00f6z konusu ili\u015fkiler de \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 organla\u015fma ve organlar\u0131n canl\u0131da farkl\u0131 i\u015flevler g\u00f6rmeleridir. Bu, \u201ci\u015flevsellik\u201d denebilecek kavramla anlat\u0131labilecek, biyosfere \u00f6zg\u00fc bir olgudur. \u0130\u015flevselli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in sularda ya\u015fayan bir tekh\u00fccreliler kolonisi \u00f6rnek al\u0131nabilir. Bir tekh\u00fccreliyi etkileyen nedenler, fizik, kimya, biyoloji yasalar\u0131 (b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek \u00e7o\u011falmayla olu\u015fan kolonide her bir canl\u0131 \u00f6tekilerin klonu, kopyas\u0131, \u00f6zde\u015fi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in) \u00f6tekilerini de ayn\u0131 derecede etkileyecektir. An cak bu, kuramdaki durumdur. Ya\u015famda durum bundan biraz farkl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisini ele alal\u0131m. En d\u0131\u015ftaki tekh\u00fccreliler \u0131\u015f\u0131nlardan en \u00e7ok etkilenenler olacakt\u0131r, alt s\u0131radakiler giderek daha az etkilenecektir. \u00d6yle ki en ortadaki tekh\u00fccreliler belki g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 alamayacaklard\u0131r. En \u00fcsttekiler, bol \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle, koloninin en h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcnen, ama en \u00e7ok y\u0131pran\u0131p, en \u00f6nce \u00f6len tekh\u00fccrelileri olacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6tekilerden farkl\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f olacaklard\u0131r. Bu \u00f6rne\u011fin \u00e7okh\u00fccrelilerdeki benzeri deri h\u00fccreleridir. H\u00fccre suyu oran\u0131 i\u00e7erdekilerden daha az olan deri h\u00fccreleri kuru, olumsuz d\u0131\u015f etkilere (\u00f6rne\u011fin g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n zamanla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc etkisine) kar\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7tekileri koruyan bir kalkan olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Koruyucu bir organ i\u015flevi kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu farkl\u0131la\u015fma, ne deri h\u00fccrelerinin \u201c\u0130\u00e7erdeki karde\u015flerimizi koruyal\u0131m\u201d ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, ne de onlar\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen Tanr\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi g\u00f6revin (ere\u011fin) \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Jeosferi kavrama yolunda \u201cnedensellik\u201d, biyosfer i\u00e7in \u201ci\u015flevsellik\u201d, noosfer i\u00e7in \u201cereksellik\u201d kavramlar\u0131yla yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201c\u0130\u015flevsellik, do\u011fa yasalar\u0131 (neden – sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi, yani nedensellik) d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir olgu de\u011fildir. Onun bir \u201c\u00e7oklu ve karma\u015f\u0131k nedensellikler paketi\u201d oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Say\u0131s\u0131za dek uzanabilen nedenleri bir bir ortaya koyarak bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlamak ve sa\u011faltmak kolay, gerekli, bazen de olanakl\u0131 bir i\u015f de\u011fildir. Bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak nedensellikler paketine bak\u0131labilir ve s\u00f6z konusu organ\u0131n i\u015flevini neden yerine getiremedi\u011fi (i\u00e7lerinde psikolojik, psikosomatik olanlar\u0131n da bulunabildi\u011fi) ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak hastal\u0131k, \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeni anla\u015f\u0131labilir. B\u00f6yle bir kavram\u0131n (i\u015flevselli\u011fin) eksikli\u011fi durumunda (hele insan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n iki kara kutusundan biri olan h\u00fccre \u00e7ekirde\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda ve yerlerde) biyosfer olgular\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k nedenlerle de\u011fil (yaradan\u0131n ona y\u00fckledi\u011fine inan\u0131lan) ereklerle a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131na \u015fa\u015f\u0131lmamal\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cNoosferde ereksellik<\/strong>
\n\u201cGelelim varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczeyi ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc olan noosfere. Noosferde durum biyosferdekinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131, \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Ger\u00e7i (son y\u00fczy\u0131la dek ikinci kara kutu durumunda bulunan) beyin de do\u011fa yasalar\u0131, nedensellik ili\u015fkileri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca beynin, duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00fcretimi i\u015flevi g\u00f6rmesi, i\u015flevsellik\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n onun i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Ama beynin bunlardan \u00f6te bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi daha vard\u0131r. Bu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler yoluyla erekli davran\u0131\u015flar \u00fcretmesidir. Onun bu niteli\u011fi \u201cbebek ile soba\u201d \u00f6rne\u011fiyle daha iyi anlat\u0131labilir: \u201cDiyelim ki bir k\u00f6y evinde, Zonguldak\u2019ta 30 i\u015f\u00e7inin ya\u015fam\u0131 pahas\u0131na, ucuza \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcrle soba yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Evin \u00e7ocu\u011fu y\u00fcr\u00fcmeyi yeni \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f. Soban\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n albenisine kap\u0131l\u0131p ona dokunuyor; eli yan\u0131yor (neden), yanan elini refleksle \u00e7ekiyor (sonu\u00e7). Aradan bir iki ay ge\u00e7iyor. Elinin yaras\u0131 iyile\u015fmi\u015f. Sobaya yakla\u015f\u0131nca nar gibi k\u0131zarm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Kendili\u011finden bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mla, k\u0131zarm\u0131\u015f soban\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 elinin ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131ms\u0131yor. Ve eli bir daha yanmadan, yanmas\u0131n diye (erek) elini \u00e7ekiyor (sonu\u00e7). \u00c7ocu\u011fun (yanmadan, yanmas\u0131n diye) elini \u00e7eki\u015fi ereksel bir eylemdir. Noosferdeki bu olay, jeosferdeki neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisiyle (nedensellik ile) de\u011fil, erek-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisiyle (ereksellik ile) anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir.<\/p>\n

\u201cBuna kar\u015f\u0131n noosferin de biyosfer gibi nedensellik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle bir anlat\u0131ma gidilebilir. Jeosferde yaln\u0131zca nedensellik ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r. Biyosferde, nedensellik yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir de i\u015flevsellik bulunur. Noosferde ise nedensellik ve karma\u015f\u0131k nedensellikler paketi olan i\u015flevsellik yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, nesneler de\u011fil, simgeler aras\u0131 (\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma gibi i\u015flemlerde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen) ili\u015fkiler olarak, nedensellikten bamba\u015fka bir olgunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da (ereksellik de) s\u00f6z konusudur. Ve bu olgunun noosferin belirleyici \u00f6\u011fesi oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. \u00d6yleyse jeosferde evrimin (maddenin evriminin) neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkileriyle, biyosferde evrimin (canl\u0131n\u0131n evriminin) i\u015flevsellik ili\u015fkisiyle, noosferde (duygular, simgeler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, isten\u00e7 – irade, emek \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan nesneler ve olaylar d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yani \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel evrim\u201d alan\u0131nda) ereksellik do\u011frultusunda geli\u015fti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. \u00d6rnek: T\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n daha mutlu ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fcnya kurma ere\u011fi!\u201d<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong>
\n1- Ed. \u015eenel, Al\u00e2eddin, 50 Soruda Bilim ve Bilimsel Y\u00f6ntem<\/em>, Bilim ve Gelecek Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2017, ss. 40-44.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nedensellik bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7iminin temellerinden birini olu\u015fturur. Ancak her olgunun a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 nedensellik ile yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr? Bu konuya ili\u015fkin 50 Soruda Bilim ve Bilimsel Y\u00f6ntem kitab\u0131nda (1) Al\u00e2eddin \u015eenel \u015funlar\u0131 yaz\u0131yor: \u201cDo\u011fal, toplumsal, tarihsel her olgunun bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 \u201cnedensellik\u201d ile yap\u0131labilir mi? \u201c\u00c7ok s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel tutumla, cans\u0131z do\u011fa olaylar\u0131 ile canl\u0131 do\u011fa olaylar\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":453,"featured_media":30079,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[221,3624],"tags":[1695,3374,1507,261,4184,480,4185],"class_list":["post-30078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-felsefe","category-sorularla-bilim","tag-bilgi-felsefesi","tag-bilgi-kurami","tag-bilimsel-yontem","tag-biyosfer","tag-jeosfer","tag-nedensellik","tag-noosfer"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t