D\u00fcnya genelinde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ortalama ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi erkeklerden daha uzun. Peki ama neden? Bu hep b\u00f6yle miydi? Kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 duyarl\u0131l\u0131k, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kad\u0131n ve erkek \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan en b\u00fcy\u00fck fakt\u00f6r.
\nG\u00fcney Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi Leonard Davis Gerontoloji okulunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, cinsiyetler aras\u0131 ciddi ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi fark\u0131, ilk defa 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Enfeksiyonel hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nlendi\u011fi, daha iyi beslenme al\u0131\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem olan 1800\u2019l\u00fc ve erken 1900\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131 azalmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat esas olarak bu uzun ya\u015fam olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n meyvelerini kad\u0131nlar toplad\u0131.
\nGerontoloji Profes\u00f6r\u00fc Eileen Crimmins, \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck, fakat dengesiz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn arkas\u0131nda yeti\u015fkin erkeklerdeki \u00f6l\u00fcm sebeplerine dair k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekli verilerin kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131na i\u015faret etti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201c1870 gibi erken bir tarihte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve 50-70 ya\u015f aras\u0131 gruba odaklanan ve 80 ya\u015f sonras\u0131 azalan kad\u0131n ve erkek \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark bizi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d
\nAra\u015ft\u0131rma G\u00fcney Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Prof. William F. Kieschnick, Caleb Finch ve Wisconsin-Madison \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Hiram Beltran-Sanchez taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131nda 1800 ve 1935 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 13 geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeden insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi incelendi.
\n40 ya\u015f \u00fczeri \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131 \u00fczerine odaklanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, 1880 sonras\u0131 do\u011fan bireyler incelendi\u011finde, kad\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 70 daha h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmekte oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlemlendi. Sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dahi, kalp ve damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda yeti\u015fkin erkek \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin sebebiydi. Crimmins\u2019e g\u00f6re ilgin\u00e7 olan, sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n cinsiyetler aras\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131ndaki farka etkisinin 1890\u2019dan sonra sadece y\u00fczde 30 olmas\u0131yd\u0131.
\nFinch, \u00f6zellikle orta ya\u015f ve erken ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k d\u00f6neminde kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 erkek \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin daha fazla olmas\u0131n\u0131n, kad\u0131n ve erkeklerin biyolojik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve\/veya kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131ndaki bir noktada koruyucu fakt\u00f6rlere sahip olmalar\u0131 ihtimalini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve ekliyor: \u201cGelecekteki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve egzersiz farklar\u0131, cinsiyetler aras\u0131 genetik ve biyolojik hassasiyetlerin h\u00fccre baz\u0131nda incelenmesi ve bu bulgularla ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k d\u00f6nemi beyin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ili\u015fkisinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir.\u201d <\/p>\n
\u00c7eviren: \u00c7i\u011fdem O\u011fuz<\/strong>
\nBo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcnv. Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lkeleri ve \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2p Tarihi Ens. Doktora \u00d6\u011fr.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n