Xenothrix olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz maymunlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 v\u00fccut \u00f6zelliklerine sahip, gizemli ve nesli t\u00fckenmi\u015f bir maymunun antik DNA analizleri, onun G\u00fcney Amerika titi maymunlar\u0131 (Callicebiae) ile yak\u0131n akraba oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Jamaika\u2019ya olan yolculu\u011funun b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle y\u00fczen bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcleri ile oldu\u011fu ve sonras\u0131nda iskeletlerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir evrimsel de\u011fi\u015fim meydana geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekte.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 koruma ve yard\u0131m derne\u011fi ZSL\u2019nin (Zoological Society of London), Londra Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019nin (NHM) ve New York Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019nin uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ortakla\u015fa y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em>\u2019da yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada maymunlar\u0131n Karayipler\u2019de birden \u00e7ok kez koloni olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ortaya kondu. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma adalar\u0131n al\u0131\u015f\u0131k olunmayan ekolojilerinin hayvan evriminde \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 etkisinin nas\u0131l oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya\u2019daki di\u011fer hi\u00e7bir maymuna benzemeyen Xenothrix, t\u0131pk\u0131 bir kemirgen gibi nispeten az di\u015fe ve bacak kemi\u011fine sahip, yava\u015f hareket eden bir a\u011fa\u00e7 sakiniydi. Bu farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Xenothrix\u2019in akrabalar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak ve evrimini a\u00e7\u0131klamak \u00fczere biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktayd\u0131. Ama ekip, Jamaika\u2019da bir ma\u011farada bulunan bu nesli t\u00fckenmi\u015f primat kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde antik DNA elde ederek yeni ve \u00f6nemli bir evrimsel bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kazand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Makalenin yazarlar\u0131ndan ZSL\u2019den Profes\u00f6r Samuel Turvey, \u201cXenothrix\u2019in evrimsel hik\u00e2yesi bize hayvanlar\u0131n adalarda koloni olu\u015fturdu\u011funda ve bu \u00e7evreye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda evrimin ne kadar anla\u015f\u0131lamaz yollar\u0131 se\u00e7ece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Adada yerli y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 memeli olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Xenothrix\u2019in yok olu\u015fu, e\u015fsiz ada biyo-\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine insan etkisine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n NHM\u2019nin antik DNA laboratuvar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten Profes\u00f6r Ian Barnes, \u201cSon y\u0131llarda nesli t\u00fckenmi\u015f hayvanlar\u0131n kemiklerinden DNA eldesi olduk\u00e7a s\u0131radanla\u015ft\u0131. Buna ra\u011fmen, tropikal t\u00fcrlerde s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nemin DNA\u2019ya daha h\u0131zl\u0131 zarar vermesi nedeniyle h\u00e2l\u00e2 zor. Karayipler\u2019in primatlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k tarihini \u00e7\u00f6zmede ve bu \u00f6rneklerden DNA elde etmede ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in memnunum.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Xenothrix\u2019in atalar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019dan Jamaika\u2019ya 11 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce yerle\u015fti\u011fi, b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Karayipler\u2019de ya\u015fayan hutias (Capromyidae) gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck kemirgenlerin de Karayip Adalar\u0131\u2019na geldi\u011fi yolla, G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n geni\u015f nehir a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcleri ile adaya geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Amerikan Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi Memeliler B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nden Ross MacPhee, \u201cAntik DNA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Jamaika maymunlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamen Yeni D\u00fcnya maymunlar\u0131n\u0131n bir kolu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sadece al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k morfolojik \u00f6zelliklere sahip bir titi maymunu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Adalar\u0131n \u00e7evresel \u015fartlar\u0131nda evrim minik filler, dev ku\u015flar ve tembel hayvan benzeri primatlar meydana getirerek hi\u00e7 beklenmedik \u015fekillerde davranabiliyor. T\u00fcm bu \u00f6rnekler \u2018anatomi kaderdir\u2019 kli\u015fesini farkl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Xenothrix\u2019in bir kinkajou (Potos) veya bir gece maymunu (Aotus) gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahminleriyle birlikte nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusu h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7eli\u015fkili. Ya\u015fayan titi maymunlar\u0131 tropik G\u00fcney Amerika boyunca g\u00f6r\u00fclen, uzun, yumu\u015fak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, kahverengi, gri veya siyah k\u00fcrkl\u00fc, a\u011fa\u00e7ta ya\u015fayan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck maymunlard\u0131r. G\u00fcnd\u00fcz saatlerinde aktiftirler, olduk\u00e7a b\u00f6lgesel ve g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcrler; 12 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar ya\u015farlar ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerini s\u0131kl\u0131kla babalar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n Charles Darwin\u2019in evrim teorisiyle Galapagos Adalar\u0131 me\u015fhur olmu\u015ftur, ama son buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fumunun sonundan beri insanlar\u0131n avlanmas\u0131, habitatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmeleri ve eski g\u00f6\u00e7menlerle birlikte gelen y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 memeliler nedeniyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck memeli yok olu\u015fu ya\u015fanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Karayip Adalar\u0131 da al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k ve gizemli bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcr\u00fcn evidir.<\/p>\n Kaynak<\/strong><\/p>\n https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2018\/11\/181112191645.htm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Xenothrix olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz maymunlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 v\u00fccut \u00f6zelliklerine sahip, gizemli ve nesli t\u00fckenmi\u015f bir maymunun antik DNA analizleri, onun G\u00fcney Amerika titi maymunlar\u0131 (Callicebiae) ile yak\u0131n akraba oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Jamaika\u2019ya olan yolculu\u011funun b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle y\u00fczen bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcleri ile oldu\u011fu ve sonras\u0131nda iskeletlerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir evrimsel de\u011fi\u015fim meydana geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekte. Uluslararas\u0131 koruma ve yard\u0131m derne\u011fi ZSL\u2019nin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1793,"featured_media":30843,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[2463,200,4280,644,4278,4279],"class_list":["post-30842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-antik-dna","tag-evrim","tag-karayip-adalari","tag-primatlar","tag-titi-maymunlari","tag-xenothrix"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t