ABD Brookhaven\u2019deki n\u00fckleer fizik ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezindeki, A\u011f\u0131r \u0130yon \u00c7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda (RHIC) bulunan bilimsel gruplardan biri olan STAR grubu, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz haftalarda \u201cKiral manyetik dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n\u201d bulgular\u0131na, h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131daki par\u00e7ac\u0131k \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan kuark-gluon plazmas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde rastlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu g\u00f6zlemin ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in plazmay\u0131 ve olgular\u0131 biraz anlatal\u0131m. Kuarklar, proton ve n\u00f6tron gibi atom i\u00e7erisinde bulunan par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n i\u00e7inde ba\u011fl\u0131 yap\u0131da bulunan par\u00e7ac\u0131klar. Gluonlar ise kuarklar aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kuvvet etkile\u015fimini sa\u011flayan par\u00e7ac\u0131klar. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc etkile\u015fimin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan (ve sebebi y\u0131llard\u0131r bilinmeyen) \u201chapsedilme\u201d (confinement) sebebi ile kuarklar, birbirlerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a birbirleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ekim kuvveti art\u0131yor. Bu sebeple, do\u011fada bir kuark\u0131 serbest \u015fekilde bulman\u0131n, g\u00f6zlemlemenin imk\u00e2n\u0131 yok. Kiral manyetik dalgalar, biliminsanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re evrenin ilk olu\u015fum anlar\u0131nda kuarklar\u0131n, kendilerinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olan hadronlar i\u00e7erisinde s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmadan \u00f6nce serbest dola\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131na dair bir i\u015faret. Kiral tan\u0131m\u0131 ise \u0130ngilizce \u201cchiral\u201d teriminden geliyor ve par\u00e7ac\u0131klarda ayna simetrik olmayan bir olguyu tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Sa\u011f elli ve sol elli par\u00e7ac\u0131klar, birbirine benzer olan, birbiri aras\u0131nda ayna simetrisi ta\u015f\u0131mayan par\u00e7ac\u0131klar. Sa\u011f elli par\u00e7ac\u0131klar spin ve momentumu ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde olan, sol elli par\u00e7ac\u0131klar ise spin ve momentum y\u00f6nleri birbirine z\u0131t olan par\u00e7ac\u0131klar i\u00e7in tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
Bu dalgalar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlediklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelerinin sebebi ise detekt\u00f6rlerinde g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri art\u0131 ve eksi y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda birbirlerinden farkl\u0131 davranmalar\u0131. Art\u0131 y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmadan sonra kutuplara do\u011fru sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken eksi y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ekvatoru do\u011frultusunda sa\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015f. Bu \u015fekilde sa\u00e7\u0131lmalar\u0131 ise alt\u0131n iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 incelenirken fark edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n
Elektronlar\u0131ndan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7ekirde\u011finde bulunan 79 protonun y\u00fck\u00fc ile b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alt\u0131n iyonlar\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu a\u011f\u0131r alt\u0131n iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda, art\u0131 y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar kar\u0131\u015farak \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma merkezi etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor ve bu art\u0131 y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n etkisiyle, d\u00f6nen k\u00fctleye dik bir manyetik alan olu\u015fturuyor. Yani asl\u0131nda, kutuplara sahip bir bulut k\u00fcmesi gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir ve bu bulut k\u00fcmesinin d\u00f6nme eksenine paralel bir hortum olu\u015fuyor diye hayal edebiliriz, birebir olmayan bir analoji kurabiliriz. Bu \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma esnas\u0131nda olu\u015fan enerji sebebiyle \u00e7ok \u00e7ok fazla say\u0131da atomalt\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131k olu\u015fuyor ve bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde kuark ve gluonlar da var. Protonlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 manyetik alanda hareket eden bu yeni olu\u015fan par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n da spin ve a\u00e7\u0131sal momentumlar\u0131 var ve bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n spinlerinin hareketlerine g\u00f6re y\u00f6n\u00fc kiralite dedimiz \u00f6zelli\u011fini tan\u0131ml\u0131yor par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n. Saat y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir spine sahip par\u00e7ac\u0131k sizden uzakla\u015f\u0131yor ise sa\u011f elli par\u00e7ac\u0131k, saatin tersi y\u00f6nde spine sahip ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde giden bir par\u00e7ac\u0131ksa sol elli par\u00e7ac\u0131k olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden olan STAR grubu \u00fcyesi Gang Wang\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, e\u011fer par\u00e7ac\u0131k ve anti-par\u00e7ac\u0131k say\u0131lar\u0131 farkl\u0131 ise sa\u011f ve sol elli par\u00e7ac\u0131klar protonlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu manyetik alandan farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde etkilenecekler ve kiral y\u00fcklerine g\u00f6re manyetik alan i\u00e7erisinde farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nlerde hareket edecekler. Bu kiral ayr\u0131\u015fma sonunda, farkl\u0131 y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n farkl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar sergilemesine sebep olacak. Ve bu y\u00fck ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 da kiral ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 daha \u00e7ok tetikleyecek ve bu da daha \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na sebep olacak… Bu iki \u00f6zelli\u011fin birbirini ard\u0131 s\u0131ra tetiklemesi bir dalga gibi yay\u0131l\u0131yor ve bu dalgaya kiral manyetik dalga ad\u0131 veriliyor. Yani sonunda g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fey, zamanla daha \u00e7ok negatif par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n ekvatora, pozitif par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n ise kutuplara itilmesi olacak.<\/p>\n
Bunu g\u00f6zlemlemek i\u00e7in STAR grubu belirli art\u0131 ve eksi y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n hareketlerini incelemi\u015f ve negatif y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n ekvatora do\u011fru sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n zamanla artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n kutuplara do\u011fru sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n zamanla merkezde daha fazla art\u0131 y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131k toplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015f. STAR grubu bu g\u00f6zlemin kuark-gluon plazman\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri her enerji seviyesinde, yap\u0131lan hesaplamalarla uyu\u015ftu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve bu g\u00f6zlemi kiral manyetik dalga modeli d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131klayabilen bir model yok. Son olarak, bu g\u00f6zlemin ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan kiral simetrinin tekrardan olu\u015fmas\u0131 sayesinde olabilece\u011fini ekliyorlar.<\/p>\n
G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc etkile\u015fimlerin teorisi olan kuantumkromodinami\u011finde temel enerji seviyesinde kiral simetri k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haldedir ve sa\u011f elli par\u00e7ac\u0131klar sol ellilere, sol elliler ise sa\u011f ellilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Bu durumda kiral y\u00fck elimine olmu\u015f demektir ve kiral manyetik dalgalar g\u00f6zlemlenemez. Stoony Brook \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Dmitri Kharzeev\u2019in s\u00f6yledi\u011fine g\u00f6re, kuantumkromodinami\u011fine g\u00f6re, kuarklar birbirinden ayr\u0131labildi\u011finde ya da proton ve n\u00f6tronlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hale geldiklerinde, yani bir kuark gluon plazmas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde olduklar\u0131nda do\u011fada k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halde olan kiral simetrinin tekrardan sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Bu durumda, kiral dalgalar\u0131n g\u00f6zlemi kiral simetrinin tekrardan sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ispat\u0131 denilebilir. Kharzeev, bu simetrinin tekrar sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l oldu\u011funu hen\u00fcz anlamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gereken sorulardan biri oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. kuantumkromodinami\u011finin n\u00fcmerik hesaplar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu iki olay beraber oluyor ve aralar\u0131nda derin bir ili\u015fki var. Bu ili\u015fkinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu g\u00f6zlem g\u00fczel bir haber gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
\u201cHapislilik\u201d, \u00f6nceden de s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi h\u00e2l\u00e2 anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f bir kuantum fenomeni ve a\u00e7\u0131klayabilen grup veya biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc alaca\u011f\u0131na kesin diyebiliriz. Aradaki ba\u011f ile ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6zlemlerini geli\u015ftirmek ve \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmek isteyen STAR grubu ise deneyi farkl\u0131 proton say\u0131lar\u0131na ama ayn\u0131 k\u00fctle numaras\u0131na sahip atomlar ile tekrarlamak istiyor. Bu sayede, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta olu\u015fan manyetik alan\u0131n kuvvetini de\u011fi\u015ftirip, di\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fkenleri sabit tutabilirler. \u015eimdilik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n kesin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve do\u011frulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini de ekleyelim.<\/p>\n
Yay\u0131mlanan makale:<\/strong> arxiv.org\/abs\/1504.02175<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" ABD Brookhaven\u2019deki n\u00fckleer fizik ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezindeki, A\u011f\u0131r \u0130yon \u00c7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda (RHIC) bulunan bilimsel gruplardan biri olan STAR grubu, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz haftalarda \u201cKiral manyetik dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n\u201d bulgular\u0131na, h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131daki par\u00e7ac\u0131k \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan kuark-gluon plazmas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde rastlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bu g\u00f6zlemin ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in plazmay\u0131 ve olgular\u0131 biraz anlatal\u0131m. Kuarklar, proton ve n\u00f6tron gibi atom i\u00e7erisinde bulunan par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":620,"featured_media":19347,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[175,19,26],"tags":[1676,288,1533,1846,1546],"class_list":["post-3124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-138-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-fizik","tag-elektron","tag-fizik","tag-kuantum","tag-kuark","tag-nukleer-fizik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t