Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, \u00f6zellikle Kuzey Amerika\u2019da bulunan geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgede yap\u0131lan b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lama faaliyetlerinde kullan\u0131lan kimyasallar, sadece insanlarda hastal\u0131k yapmakla kalmay\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fck kitleler halinde ar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine de neden olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Harvard \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131p, Temmuz ay\u0131nda \u0130nsektoloji B\u00fclteni\u2019nde yay\u0131mlanan sonu\u00e7lar, neonikotinoidler olarak bilinen ve b\u00f6ceklerin sinir sistemini etkileyen b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, koloni \u015feklinde yok olu\u015flara yol a\u00e7an hastal\u0131klar (\u201ccolony collaps disorder\u201d= CCD) yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n
Neonikotinoidler d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda en fazla kullan\u0131lan b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, sadece \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 do\u011frulamakla kalm\u0131yor, CCD\u2019de ba\u015fl\u0131ca su\u00e7lunun neonikotinoidler oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, Massachusetts Eyaleti\u2019nin merkezinde, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle 3 farkl\u0131 ar\u0131 kovan\u0131nda 18 ar\u0131 kolonisini inceledi. Her bir kovandaki 4 koloni d\u00fczenli olarak her zamanki dozda kullan\u0131lan neonikotinoid b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131na maruz b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rken; toplam 6 kovana bu uygulama yap\u0131lmad\u0131. B\u00f6cek ilac\u0131ma maruz kalan 12 kovandan 6 tanesi tamamen yok oldu.<\/p>\n
Ekinlerin ekilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek dozda\u201d uygulamakta \u0131srarl\u0131 olunan neonikotinoid b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131, end\u00fcstrinin iddia etti\u011fi gibi tehdit olu\u015fturmuyor de\u011fil, tersine ekinde biyolojik ayr\u0131\u015fmaya neden oluyor.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fenleri toprakta bulunuyor ve hatta b\u00f6cek ilac\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f alanlarda bile g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ar\u0131lar, dola\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 alanlardan bu materyalleri al\u0131p (\u00f6rne\u011fin m\u0131s\u0131r tarlalar\u0131ndan) kendi kovanlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yabilmektedir. Dahas\u0131 yine ar\u0131lar, bu diren\u00e7li maddeleri di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelere, ila\u00e7lanmam\u0131\u015f alanlara da ta\u015f\u0131yor. Yine de ila\u00e7, etkinli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.
\nYap\u0131lan pek \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, mevcut canl\u0131lar\u0131n tozla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemelerin ne kadar yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Yine hakemli bilim dergilerinde yay\u0131mlanan pek \u00e7ok makalede, kullan\u0131lan b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131lara fazlas\u0131yla zarar verdi\u011fi yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Nature\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan bir makale \u00fczerine ba\u015flayan tart\u0131\u015fmada b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131na maruz kalan ar\u0131lar\u0131n iki kat daha fazla \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; yine maruz kalanlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin yok oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca etkilenen ar\u0131lar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131, yiyecek toplamakta ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmaktad\u0131r.
\nMarylan \u00dcniversitesi Tar\u0131m B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde yay\u0131mlanan ba\u015fka bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada da, mantar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler de dahil olmak \u00fczere kimyasallar\u0131n d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde en rahats\u0131z ettikleri canl\u0131 toplulu\u011funun ar\u0131lar oldu\u011fu vurgulan\u0131yor. Sadece Amerika\u2019da ar\u0131 n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 30 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131\u011f\u0131, baz\u0131 ar\u0131 koruyucular\u0131n belirtti\u011fi raporlarda ise bu oran\u0131n y\u00fczde 90\u2019lara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor.<\/p>\n
Gene ba\u015fka bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Maine-Delaware b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki bir alanda 9 farkl\u0131 tar\u0131m kimyasal\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar, mantar-ot-b\u00f6cek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler i\u00e7ermektedir. Baz\u0131 yay\u0131nlarda ise 21 ayr\u0131 kimyasaldan s\u00f6z edilmektedir. Avrupa da son zamanlarda ciddi ar\u0131 yok olu\u015flar\u0131 bildirmektedir.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131 sadece \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klara yol a\u00e7may\u0131p, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her taraf\u0131nda ar\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmektedir. Sadece ar\u0131lar da de\u011fil, \u00f6rne\u011fin Monarch kelebe\u011fi de Monsanto\u2019s tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131 nedeniyle ortadan kaybolmu\u015ftur. Art\u0131k bu kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 yasaklaman\u0131n zaman\u0131 gelmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu y\u00f6ntemler devam etti\u011fi takdirde d\u00fcnya s\u00fcrd\u00fcrelebilirli\u011fini yitirece\u011finden, do\u011fal olmayan y\u00f6ntemlerin terk edilmesi \u015fart gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, \u00f6zellikle Kuzey Amerika\u2019da bulunan geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgede yap\u0131lan b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lama faaliyetlerinde kullan\u0131lan kimyasallar, sadece insanlarda hastal\u0131k yapmakla kalmay\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fck kitleler halinde ar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine de neden olmu\u015ftu. Harvard \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131p, Temmuz ay\u0131nda \u0130nsektoloji B\u00fclteni\u2019nde yay\u0131mlanan sonu\u00e7lar, neonikotinoidler olarak bilinen ve b\u00f6ceklerin sinir sistemini etkileyen b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, koloni \u015feklinde yok olu\u015flara yol […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":19375,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[175,19,21,217],"tags":[2329,2331,198,2330],"class_list":["post-3127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-138-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-biyoloji","category-cevre-bilimleri","tag-arilar","tag-bocek-ilaci","tag-cevre","tag-kimyasal-madde"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/42"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3127"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3127\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}