{"id":31644,"date":"2019-01-07T01:00:38","date_gmt":"2019-01-06T22:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=31644"},"modified":"2019-01-07T00:15:19","modified_gmt":"2019-01-06T21:15:19","slug":"2018de-bilimde-ders-kitaplarini-degistirecek-neler-oldu-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/01\/07\/2018de-bilimde-ders-kitaplarini-degistirecek-neler-oldu-2","title":{"rendered":"2018\u2019de bilimde ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek neler oldu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

5) Obstetri\u0307k a\u00e7maz \u00e7okk\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u00fcnyaya yeni\u0307ldi\u0307:
\nLe\u011fen kemi\u011fi evrimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te pek \u00e7ok varyasyon ge\u00e7irdi!<\/b><\/p>\n

Hi\u00e7bir bilginin mutlak olmamas\u0131, kendi kendini d\u00fczeltme becerisi, sorgulanabilirlik\u2026 \u0130\u015fte bilimin g\u00fczelli\u011fi tam da burada. Yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r ders kitaplar\u0131na girecek kadar \u015fa\u015fmaz bir kesinlik atfedilen \u201cobstetrik a\u00e7maz\u201d 2018\u2019de bir b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe ald\u0131. Nedir bu a\u00e7maz? K\u0131saca le\u011fen kemi\u011finin insanlarda dik y\u00fcr\u00fcme i\u015flevini yerine getirebilmek i\u00e7in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 evrimsel daralmayla, fet\u00fcs\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fcyen beyninin, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kafatas\u0131n\u0131n rahat\u00e7a ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fi geni\u015flikte bir do\u011fum kanal\u0131na sahip olma gereksinimi aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki\u2026 1960\u2019ta Sherwood Washburn taraf\u0131ndan tarif edilen bu kar\u015f\u0131t g\u00fc\u00e7ler, yayg\u0131n kabule g\u00f6re insan yavrusunun geli\u015fimini tamamlamadan do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n le\u011fen kemi\u011fi anatomisindeki varyasyonlar\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131yordu. Do\u011fum da i\u015fte bu a\u00e7mazdan, yani bebe\u011fin do\u011fum kanal\u0131na oranla h\u00e2l\u00e2 fazla b\u00fcy\u00fck ka\u00e7mas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131 ve hatta kimi \u00f6rneklerde \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lanabilecek kadar tehlikeli kabul ediliyordu. Taa ki biliminsanlar\u0131 \u201cneden\u201d ile ba\u015flayan bir dizi soru sorana kadar. Neden etkili dik y\u00fcr\u00fcme i\u00e7in le\u011fen kemi\u011finde daralma gerekli olsun? Neden evrim erken do\u011fum yerine le\u011fen kemi\u011fini geni\u015fletme yoluna gitmesin? Neden… neden?<\/span><\/p>\n

Washburn\u2019un a\u00e7maz\u0131na ilk kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan Holly Dunsworth oldu. Do\u011fumun 39. haftada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinin beynin daha fazla b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini engellemek i\u00e7in de\u011fil, kad\u0131n\u0131n bu haftalarda metabolik enerji s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na dayanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131yla ilgili oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Helen Kurki dar le\u011fen kemi\u011finin etkin y\u00fcr\u00fcme sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezinin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarak ona destek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Jonathan Wells tar\u0131m toplumuna ge\u00e7i\u015fle ya\u015fanan beslenme tipindeki de\u011fi\u015fimin fet\u00fcs boyuna ve anatomimize olan etkisinden s\u00f6z etti. Ve nihayet 2018 Ekim\u2019inde Lia Betti ve Andrea Manica as\u0131l darbeyi vurdu: Farkl\u0131 k\u0131talara da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 24 pop\u00fclasyondan toplam 348 kad\u0131n\u0131n le\u011fen kemi\u011fi ve do\u011fum kanal\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri, bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n obstetrik a\u00e7maz\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda olmak \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, \u015fekil bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ciddi varyasyon sergiledi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyordu.\u00a0S\u00f6z konusu bi\u00e7imsel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar \u00f6zellikle co\u011frafi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u015fekilleniyordu. Yani d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerindeki kad\u0131nlar farkl\u0131 do\u011fum kanal\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerine sahipti.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Derin ve dairesel do\u011fum kanal\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
Geni\u015f ve oval bi\u00e7imli do\u011fum kanal\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Peki bu ger\u00e7ek, anatomi kitaplar\u0131ndaki basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f kanal morfolojisi \u00e7izimlerinden ba\u015fka neyi de\u011fi\u015ftirecek? Belki ortalama Avrupal\u0131 anatomisinin tek norm olarak al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Avrupal\u0131lara \u00f6zg\u00fc do\u011fum deneyiminin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00e7ok-etnisiteli toplumlar\u0131na uyarlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden yeni bir obstetrik e\u011fitimi ve prati\u011fi terbiyesi olabilir!<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Deni\u0307sova+Neandertal=Denny:
\n13 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki melez k\u0131zla tan\u0131\u015f\u0131n!<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

5) Obstetri\u0307k a\u00e7maz \u00e7okk\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u00fcnyaya yeni\u0307ldi\u0307: Le\u011fen kemi\u011fi evrimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te pek \u00e7ok varyasyon ge\u00e7irdi! Hi\u00e7bir bilginin mutlak olmamas\u0131, kendi kendini d\u00fczeltme becerisi, sorgulanabilirlik\u2026 \u0130\u015fte bilimin g\u00fczelli\u011fi tam da burada. Yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r ders kitaplar\u0131na girecek kadar \u015fa\u015fmaz bir kesinlik atfedilen \u201cobstetrik a\u00e7maz\u201d 2018\u2019de bir b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe ald\u0131. Nedir bu a\u00e7maz? K\u0131saca le\u011fen kemi\u011finin insanlarda dik […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":184,"featured_media":31676,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,32],"tags":[4391,4393,4392,4390],"class_list":["post-31644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biyoloji","category-evrim","tag-dogum-kanali","tag-insanlarda-dogum","tag-legen-kemiginde-varyasyonlar","tag-obstetrik-acmaz"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t