{"id":31788,"date":"2019-01-11T01:00:35","date_gmt":"2019-01-10T22:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=31788"},"modified":"2019-01-10T12:57:40","modified_gmt":"2019-01-10T09:57:40","slug":"hayat-kurtaran-aplikasyonlar-yeni-doktorumuz-cep-telefonlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/01\/11\/hayat-kurtaran-aplikasyonlar-yeni-doktorumuz-cep-telefonlari","title":{"rendered":"Hayat kurtaran aplikasyonlar: yeni doktorumuz cep telefonlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bir sa\u011fl\u0131k merkezi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn; \u00f6zel g\u00f6zetim alt\u0131nda odalara al\u0131nan uyu\u015fturucu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131 bireyler, sa\u011fl\u0131k personelinin talebi \u00fczerine kendilerine fentanil, eroin ya da morfin gibi opioid grubu olarak bilinen uyu\u015fturuculardan -yine istek \u00fczerine- y\u00fcksek dozda enjekte ediyorlar. Dakikalar i\u00e7inde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doz opioid al\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 ilk semptom kendini g\u00f6steriyor: Solunumun bask\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve bir sonraki ad\u0131mda bu maddeler taraf\u0131ndan tetiklenen ge\u00e7ici apne hali, yani solunumun durmas\u0131. Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar bu halde b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 takdirde hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybedebilirler. Zira a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doz zehirlenmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck nedeni solunum durmas\u0131. Fakat buras\u0131 bir hastane, etrafta m\u00fcdahaleye haz\u0131r sa\u011fl\u0131k personeli bekle\u015fiyor. Az sonra gerekli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131l\u0131p bireyler hayata d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. T\u00fcm bu tuhaf d\u00fczene\u011fin anlam\u0131 deney odas\u0131nda, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n 1 metre uza\u011f\u0131nda duran Galaxy S4 model cep telefonunda gizli. <em>Science Translational Medicine<\/em> dergisinin 9 Ocak say\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan makalede bu cep telefonunun marifeti ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla sunuldu. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki i\u015fin s\u0131rr\u0131 telefonda de\u011fil, telefona y\u00fckl\u00fc bir aplikasyonda: Ad\u0131 Second Chance, yani T\u00fcrk\u00e7e mealiyle \u0130kinci \u015eans.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_31790\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31790\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-31790\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nandakumar1HR-300x149.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"149\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31790\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cep telefonu tabanl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m sisteminin denenmesi i\u00e7in ameliyat odas\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan d\u00fczenek. Kaynak: R. Nandakumar ve ark., Science Translational Medicine (2018).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ticari cep telefonlar\u0131na aplikasyon olarak indirilebilen Second Chance\u2019in \u00f6zelli\u011fi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doz opioid al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n erken evresindeki i\u015faretleri tespit edebilmesi. Washington \u00dcniversitesi Bilgisayar Bilimleri ve M\u00fchendislik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde doktora \u00f6\u011frencisi olan Rajalakshmi Nandakumar\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi proje, telefonun hoparl\u00f6r ve mikrofonunun d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya akustik sinyaller g\u00f6nderen k\u0131sa menzilli bir sonar cihaz\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ilkesine dayan\u0131yor. Dalgalar s\u00fcrekli hareket halindeki -inip kalkan, yani nefes alan bir g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kafesi gibi- y\u00fczeylere \u00e7arp\u0131p telefona geri d\u00f6n\u00fcyor. Ard\u0131ndan sistem bu sinyalleri analiz edip nefes alma bi\u00e7iminde herhangi bir anormallik ya da de\u011fi\u015fiklik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sapt\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylece a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doz hali daha en ba\u015ftan yakalan\u0131p erken m\u00fcdahale m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale geliyor. Nitekim yukar\u0131da tarif edilen deneyde Second Chance, enjeksiyon sonras\u0131nda geli\u015fen apneyi %97,7, solunum bask\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 %89,3 ba\u015far\u0131 oran\u0131yla tespit edebilmi\u015f. Hatta bir ba\u015fka deneme ayn\u0131 merkezin ameliyat odalar\u0131nda, anestezi alan bireylerde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (anestezik hal opioide ba\u011fl\u0131 bilin\u00e7 kayb\u0131 ile benzer niteliktedir). Ba\u015far\u0131 oran\u0131 yine y\u00fcksek: 20 hastada 19. Aplikasyonu iyile\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam ededursun, ABD\u2019de her g\u00fcn ortalama 115 ki\u015finin hayat\u0131na malolan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doza ba\u011fl\u0131 opioid krizi, g\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi bu algoritma sayesinde olabilecek en h\u0131zl\u0131 ve en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli y\u00f6ntemle tespit edilebilecek. Bu da acil servis \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131na ve en \u00f6nemlisi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lara bir \u201c\u0130kinci \u015eans\u201d daha verecek.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Doktor telefonlar<\/strong><br \/>\nSecond Chance aplikasyonunu konu alan makalenin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan iki g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, 7 Ocak\u2019ta, bir di\u011fer ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon uygulamas\u0131 haberi <em>Nature Medicine<\/em>\u2019de yer buldu. Bu seferkinin ad\u0131 Face2Gene; Y\u00fczdenGene \u015feklinde \u00e7evrilebilir. Hedef kitlesi ise nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen genetik hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131. DeepGestalt (buna da DerinFig\u00fcr denilebilir) isimli bir yapay zeka program\u0131na dayanan Face2Gene uygulamas\u0131nda ama\u00e7, do\u011fu\u015ftan ya da sinir sisteminin geli\u015fimi s\u00fcrecinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan genetik bozukluklar\u0131n y\u00fcz b\u00f6lgesinde kendini g\u00f6steren yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rt etmek ve buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karak bireye h\u0131zla tan\u0131 konulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak. Makine \u00f6\u011frenmesine dayal\u0131 bir algoritman\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulaman\u0131n geli\u015ftirilme a\u015famas\u0131nda programa 216 farkl\u0131 sendromu temsil eden 17.000 y\u00fcz g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. B\u00f6ylece nadir genetik hastal\u0131klar\u0131n semptom vermedi\u011fi ya da ba\u015fka hastal\u0131klarla benzer d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm tablolar\u0131 sergiledi\u011fi durumlarda Face2Gene bir nevi Google taramas\u0131 yapan dijital stetoskop gibi i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. En \u00f6nemlisi de program kendi kendini geli\u015ftirebildi\u011finden hekimler aplikasyona yeni hasta foto\u011fraflar\u0131 y\u00fckledik\u00e7e te\u015fhisin isabet derecesi art\u0131yor. Nitekim \u015fu anda Face2Gene veritaban\u0131nda y\u00fckl\u00fc mevcut resim say\u0131s\u0131 150.000.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_31791\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31791\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-31791\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/corneliadelangesend-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31791\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cornelia de Lange sendromu Gene2Face aplikasyonunun tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 genetik hastal\u0131klardan biri. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sa\u00e7 hatt\u0131, s\u0131k ve birle\u015fik ka\u015flar gibi hastal\u0131\u011fa \u00f6zg\u00fc fiziksel \u00f6zellikler k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131zda se\u00e7ilebiliyor. Kaynak: Michael Ares\/The Palm Beach Post via ZUMA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>ABD\u2019nin Boston \u015fehrinde bulunan FDNA isimli bir biyoteknoloji firmas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen program\u0131n as\u0131l kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere hekimler. \u00d6yle ki do\u011fumsal anomalileri konu alan bir bilimsel toplant\u0131da aplikasyon ile yar\u0131\u015fan hekimler, hasta resimlerine bakarak do\u011fru tan\u0131y\u0131 koyma konusunda Face2Gene\u2019in \u00e7ok gerisinde kalm\u0131\u015f. Aplikasyona daha \u00e7ok beyaz \u0131rka ait hasta foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ya da gelecekte ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ellerindeki hasta verilerini metala\u015ft\u0131rma ihtimali gibi handikaplar yok de\u011fil. Ancak bunlar yapay zekan\u0131n \u00e7ok daha sofistike bi\u00e7imlerde hayat\u0131m\u0131za girip, ak\u0131ll\u0131 makineler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7oktan yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fcst d\u00fczeye ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirmiyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1) Smartphone Software Detects Early Signs of Opioid Overdoses, <em>Science Translational Medicine <\/em>Press Package, 9 Ocak 2019.<br \/>\n2) Elie Dolgin, \u201cAI face-scanning app spots signs of rare genetic disorders\u201d, Nature News, 7 Ocak 2019.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bir sa\u011fl\u0131k merkezi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn; \u00f6zel g\u00f6zetim alt\u0131nda odalara al\u0131nan uyu\u015fturucu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131 bireyler, sa\u011fl\u0131k personelinin talebi \u00fczerine kendilerine fentanil, eroin ya da morfin gibi opioid grubu olarak bilinen uyu\u015fturuculardan -yine istek \u00fczerine- y\u00fcksek dozda enjekte ediyorlar. Dakikalar i\u00e7inde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doz opioid al\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 ilk semptom kendini g\u00f6steriyor: Solunumun bask\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve bir sonraki ad\u0131mda bu maddeler taraf\u0131ndan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":184,"featured_media":31789,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,453],"tags":[4424,4423,1631,1521],"class_list":["post-31788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-bilisim","tag-aplikasyon","tag-cep-telefonu","tag-hastalik","tag-tedavi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/184"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31788"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31788\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}